POLYMERS

-When multiple glucose mononmers combine they form a STARCH POLYMER

-In condensation polymerization H2O is ELIMINATED in the process

-In addition polymerization double bonds(C=C) are broken so monomers are formed with
other monomers.
ESTHERS

-Esters are sweet smelling liquids used as solvents.

-Produced via ESTERFICATION of a CARBOXYLIC ACID and an ALCOHOL
-ESTERFICATION requires the heating of the carboxylic acid and alcohol under REFLUX
using CONCENTRATED SULFURIC ACID (H2SO4) as a CATALYST.

Refulx Apparatus:

-HYDROLYSIS is the addition of water molecules to th ester to SPLIT it to form ALOCHOLS

and CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

-There is ACID and ALKALINE hydrolysis

ACID HYDROLYSIS ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS

Esters react with water in the presence of Esters react with water in the presence of
an acid to produce a carboxylic acid and a base (alkali) to produce a carboxylic
an alcohol. acid and an alcohol.

- Example: Hydrolysis of ethyl acetate - Example: Saponification of triglycerides

(CH3COOC2H5) with a strong acid (fats and oils) in the presence of sodium
produces acetic acid (CH3COOH) and hydroxide (NaOH) results in the formation of
ethanol (C2H5OH). glycerol and soap, which are carboxylic acid
salts of fatty acids.
Identifying types of reactions in ORGANIC COMPOUNDS