In a practical scenario, demonstrate how to calculate DIP

longitude using a sextant observation of the sun at

7. What is the process “bringing the image down” in
meridian passage. Consider the equation of time
sextant use, which involves superimposing the reflected
correction.
image of a celestial body with the direct view of the
a) Measure the Sun’s altitude, apply the equation horizon?
of time correction, and calculate longitude.
Answer: CENTERING THE BODY.
b) Calculate latitude first, the use the equation of
time correction, and finally measure longitude.
c) Measure the Sun’s altitude and calculate
longitude directly. 8. In celestial navigation, why is a sextant called a
d) Use a star’s altitude for longitude calculations. “sextant”?

You are navigating at sea, and you’ve just observed the Answer: BECAUSE IT HAS SIX LENSES.
altitude of a star using a sextant. Apply the necessary
corrections to determine the star’s zenith distance
9. What type of celestial body is Polaris (the North Star),
a) Apply atmospheric refraction correction, and why is it useful in celestial navigation with a
parallax correction, and semidiameter sextant?
correction.
b) Use the equation of time correction, declination Answer: IT’S A STAR, AND ITS FIXED POSITION IN THE
correction, and meridian angle correction. SKY CORRESPONDS TO THE OBSERVER’S LATITUDE.
c) Apply magnetic deviation correction, parallax
correction, and altimetry correction.
d) Correct for celestial body motion, parallax 10. Which part of a sextant is responsible for adjusting
correction, and azimuth correction. the index arm and measuring the angle of a celestial
body above the horizon?
In celestial navigation, when evaluating the
performance of a marine sextant, which aspect is most THE ALTITUDE ARC.
important for accuracy, especially during critical
11. When using a sextant, what does the term
navigation situations?
“centering the body” refer to?
a) The sextant’s weight and sturdiness.
SUPERIMPOSING THE IMAGE OF A CELESTIAL
b) The accuracy and reliability of the sextant's
BODY WITH THE HORIZON.
scale.
c) The quality of the telescope lens. 12. In celestial navigation, what is the primary benefit of
d) The presence of backup navigation equipment. using a sextant to measure celestial body altitudes?

Which celestial body is commonly used with a sextant to IT ENABLES THE DETERMINATION OF THE
obtain a fix in celestial navigation due to its high altitude OBSERVER’S LATITUDE AND POSITION ON THE
and visibility? EARTH’S SURFACE

a) The moon. 13. How would you determine items in the change of
b) Venus. owner or manager be deleted you are on a ship at sea,
c) Polaris (North Star) and you want to determine your current latitude using
d) The sun. sextant. What is the sequence of steps you want to
follow to apply the sextant method effectively?
What is the primary unit of measurement on a sextant
for determining the altitude of celestial bodies? MEASURE THE ALTITUDE OF THE NORTH STAR
(POLARIS), RECORD THE TIME, AND USE THE
Answer: DEGREES.
APPROPRIATE TABLES FOR LATITUDE
The depression of the visible horizon to the sensible CALCULATION.
horizon is known as
14. What is the process of “bringing the image down” in c) The type of celestial body observed and the
sextant use, which involves superimposing the reflected observer’s latitude.
image of a celestial body with the direct view of the d) The brightness of the star observed and the
horizon? observer's level of expertise.

Answer: CENTERING THE BODY. 20. Apply the concept of the analemma to determine
the effect of the Earth’s elliptical orbit on the equation
15. Illustrate the when taking sextant measurements to
of time for a specific date and location.
determine your longitude at sea, what celestial bodies
are typically used for this purpose, and how do you Answer: USE THE ANALEMMA TO PREDICT CELESTIAL
apply the sextant method? Primary purpose of celestial BODY POSITIONS.
navigation?
21. What is the primary unit of measurement on a
Answer: USE THE SUN’S ALTITUDE AT NOON AND sextant for determining the altitude of celestial bodies?
CALCULATE THE TIME DIFFERENCE FROM A REFERENCE
Answer: DEGREES
MERIDIAN.
22. In celestial navigation, when is it most common to
16. In celestial navigation, what is the “equation of
take sextant measurements of celestial bodies?
time”?
Answer: WHEN CELESTIAL BODIES ARE AT THEIR
Answer: A METHOD FOR DETERMINING LONGITUDE AT
HIGHEST POINT IN THE SKY.
SEA.
23. What part of a sextant is used to adjust index arm to
17. What is “mean solar time” in the context of the
measure the altitude of a celestial body?
equation of time?
a) The horizon glass.
Answer: THE TIME OF DAY WHEN THE SUN IS DIRECTLY
b) The index mirror.
OVERHEAD (SOLAR MOON).
c) The micrometer drum.
18. Apply the concept of timekeeping in celestial d) The altitude arc.
navigation and demonstrate how to use the equation of
24. What does the term “sextant correction” refer to in
time correction when determining local mean time from
celestial navigation?
observed solar time.
Answer: ACCOUNTING FOR SEXTANT INSTRUMENT
a) Correct observed solar time by applying the
ERRORS.
equation of time correction to obtain local
mean time. 25. In celestial navigation, what is the purpose of
b) Use the equation of time correction to calculate reducing sextant measurements?
the star’s right ascension.
c) Apply the equation of time correction to find Answer: TO CORRECT FOR ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION
the celestial body’s declination. AND OTHER FACTORS.
d) Determine the observer’s longitude based on 26. Which part of a sextant is responsible for adjusting
equation of time correction. the index arm and measuring the angle of a celestial
19. When evaluating the accuracy of a calculated time body above the horizon?
sight observation, what factors should be considered in Answer: THE ALTITUDE ARC
assessing the reliability of the timekeeping and
measurement process? 27. What is the primary purpose of taking sextant
measurements of celestial bodies when practicing
a) The observer’s magnetic deviation and the celestial navigation?
quality of the sextant’s optics.
b) The condition of the observer’s chronometer Answer: TO CALCULATE THE OBSERVER’S POSITION ON
and the precision of the sextant. THE EARTH’S SURFACE.
28. The depression of the visible horizon to the sensible
horizon is known as:

Answer: DIP

You are using a sextant to measure the altitude of the

Sun for celestial navigation. What additional factors do
you need to consider and apply to obtain an accurate
reading?

Answer: ACCOUNT FOR ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION

AND APPLY AN INDEX CORRECTION.

30. When using a sextant, what is “index error,” and why

is it important in celestial navigation?

Answer: INDEX ERROR IS AN ADJUSTMENT MADE TO

ENSURE THAT THE SEXTANT READS ZERO DEGREES
ACCURATELY.

31. In celestial navigation, when is it most common to

take sextant measurements of celestial bodies?

Answer: WHEN CELESTIAL BODIES ARE AT THEIR

HIGHEST POINT IN THE SKY

32. What part of a sextant is used to adjust the index

arm to measure the altitude of a celestial body?

Answer: THE MICROMETER DRUM.

33. What does the term “sextant correction” refer to in

celestial navigation?

Answer: ACCOUNTING FOR SEXTANT INSTRUMENT

ERRORS.

34. In celestial navigation, what is the purpose of

reducing sextant measurements?

Answer: TO CORRECT FOR ATMOSPHERIC REFRACTION

AND OTHER FACTORS

35. When using a sextant to measure the altitude of a

celestial body, what reference point is typically aligned
with the horizon?

Answer: THE HORIZON MIRROR.