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    Speech Mechanism and Organs of Speech MOD 2

    Uploaded by

    Devika S

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    The Mechanism of Speech and Organs of Speech eS RST aie | = LN 1 Introduction _ Intro > “duction of speech (s a complicated process, First of all, a concept Is formulated in a tingui lenis ‘ers brain and then a message Is transmitted to the organs of g Pad speech by the nervous system, pns of speech move to produce the speech sounds, they cause “disturbances in the air in the Hie a son pressures and these sound waves strike the listener's ear". The listener's ears recelve these waves conveyed to his brain by the nervous system. It is in the brain, the message is decoded or Hence, it becomes essential that the speaker as well as the listener should share a common de, 2. Code and Content of Communication Skill been defined as a “group of symbols that can be structured in a way that is meaningful to another In ether words, “Code is a system of rules to convert information into another form or tion.” In @ way alll languages are codes. communication means any “text matter of a document or publication in any form.” Content is what is inside or included in something. An example of content is the words inside a book. (content definition. https://www.your dictionary.com]. In brief code and content in a layman's language smmunicating message (content) through some symbols (code). 3. Stimulus and Response in Communication ge or information that evokes a response is stimulus in communication whereas sponte is a reaction to a stimulus, Communication, as we all know, is a two-way process hence the stimulus 12) caused by the sender leads to a response (reaction after receiving the message) by the receiver, 4. Encoding and Decoding in Communication : Is message le. he translates the message In the form ‘der to convey his message, the sender encodes hi Se eaaje Hee enee 1bols, On the other hand, the listener or the receiver decodes the en oded message ———eeeeeSS SS ‘echnical Comnonteation ca m5. Pronunciation in Communication } ken. inclation refers fo the way a word is spol rae communicate. Right pronunciation helps in commUnLEAting gyoyg Fra an dy On eer ‘Lor improper promnciation can lead to misunderstanding ire exorcise becomes futile, effectively ad clearly. On the contrary, incorrect © ineffective communication, Asa result, the en = ious efforts to learn bis mother tongue because rich, right pronunciation of words of his native A native speaker need nat make artifical or conscious ¢8 exposure mather tongu ji up the ae enables him 10 Peto ge, Butwhen he tres to learn the pronunciation J, he commits errors and spoils the meaning. Belay, Tanguage. Also he naturally learns grammar of his own language. i lish to the Indians SS ar weer the Indian speakers when they speak in English, ‘are listed some blunders which are generally committed by 1. ‘Wine’ due to wrong pronunciation becomes ‘wine’ © Indians pronounce the words ‘price’ and ‘prize’ alike. ‘They pronounce z00' as ‘joo’ » ‘Is’ is pronounced as ‘iz’. - && 6. Etiquette in Communication Communication etiquette in the workplace is an important skill to master. As communication is a two way process, the speakers as well as the listeners have to follow some norms. Peter Murphy writes in detail on etiquettes in conversation. He writes, “What's most important is that you put the person you're talking to at ease and that they feel as though they had chance to say what they wanted to say and that you listened to them and responded to them sensitively.” He mentioned ten secrets of social etiquette in conversation. 1. Don't hijack the conversation. Give people time to speak. Invite others in conversation. eo Also ask questions. Give people a chance to answer and make sure you listen, Poe Respect other people's opinions. x Don't rain on someone's parade. Don't be a know-it-all, we Don't make disagreement personal, 10. Difficult conversations were never meant to be easy. Besides it, there may msi 7 y be mar i ny more things which the speakey and the listener must follow during the conversation such as don't inter ink before t to.a group, rrupt, think bel ; : you speak, talk not only to one person but ‘i ——————— ee ¢ Mechanism of Speech and Organs of ‘Speech The Organs of Speech is made ? We use our tongue and fips to ifficient to produce any audible! sound. Paul Christo g speech sounds. While defining this process, s that a strean produce speech sounds. But, , of course, tongue phersen beautifully discusses the entire he writes that what happens in most cases air is breathed out from the lungs, And this stream of air, when passing jparrow spaces in the human throat and mouith, makes a sound in the same way as a strong wind igh 2 house will produce a rushing or howling? noise. Now the noise of the wind is not always the sounds different when blowing through a narrow crack and when blowing through a wider same way, by modifying the shape of the passage through which the air passes when we number of different sounds, in fact a surprising number. A new and distinct sound can varying the passage slightly at one particular point, for example at the teeth or at the lips. WS situated at these points constitute the speech organs. Before we discuss these speech ss in brief the Airstream mechanism that produces the speech sounds. air~stream mechanism: tream mechanism: Air-stream mechanism consists of lungs and the respiratory the lungs act as the initiator. They are moved by the respiratory muscles so that air is ‘©r pushed out of them. When the air-stream mechanism is used to push air out, itis lwhen it is used to draw air in, itis called ingressive’. In fact, all the sounds of English are produced with this air-stream mechanism. Moreover, no language uses the the production of speech sounds. We use this air stream mechanism for if yawning king mechanism: Both egressive and ingressive glottalic air-stream mechanisms are the world for the articulation of speech sounds. The closed glottis acts as the the pharynx is used. sm: The back of the tongue is the initiator and the air in the mouth is set in mechanism. in the world are produced with a pulmonic egressive air stream mechanism ‘out of lungs. Before it gets out into the outer atmosphere, various organs in wunds, These organs are called the organs of speech. jon of speech can be divided into three groups as mentioned below. The respiratory system includes the lungs, the muscles used to bronchial’ tubes and the windpipe or trachea’. ts of the larynx? which contains the vocal cords® e articulatory system inclides the nose, the mouth, the e in, 5. To press or squecss: ‘breathing out; 4. Produced by breathing ane the ube ln the throat that carries air to the lungs. & The: the voce. satripeof muscles inthe throat that move (2 produc 5s cea omer The Organs of Speech 1) 8. Description of the Organs of Speech The Lungs: The respiratory system, as mentioned above, consists of the kings, the muscles the windpipe or trachea. The lungs are spongy bodies. They are often called two bags which and compressed by the muscles of the chest. This happens regularly when we breathe and asa Grawn in and forced out through the tube known as the trachea or the windpipe. It is thr that the air that we breathe in passes through the throat inte the lings. This act of respiration i processes — taking outer ait into the lungs, called inspiration and throwing out air from the expiration, Generally it is the air that we breathe out (expiratery lung — airl that is the emticulation af most speecty sounds in all the languages that are spoken in the world, The Larynx: The first point where il is possible to modify the air stream is al the top of the windpipe. which ends in a bony stucture called the larynx. The front part of the larynx Protudes* and populatly known as the Adam's apple. The ait from the longs has vo come out through the windpipe and the larynx. Inside the larynx are the ip like strictures ‘alled Vocal Cords which are placed harkonially from {ront to back. They are capable of acting In much the same way as the tips of the mouth and are attached im front and ean be atten ce The opening or pit between the _ 10. Ta stick out from apince 5 2 a el ¢ isms of Spr nied \ 2 he Mechanism of Speech an 4 Organs a Speech Se acai cords can be opened and closed (because "7 they can t local eons be separated at Mor waver. the voral cords shut the glottis and prevent the fo. ‘ oe oO eproduce Some speech Sounds, the vocal cx ae ne P 8 rds are wide apart uses fhe cords to vibrate and they open and ces saan se sacetess and Voiced Sounds: The sounds produced with a we) nds Balasubramanian suggests a good method of deciding hein, ! 1s lightly gests to place fnae ish yen the larynx during its production and if the fingers feel the vibration of the eed nad ° Finger ¢ vibration of the

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