ENSURING SAFETY: EXPLORING THE EFFICACY OF SELF-DEFENSE

TRAINING IN REDUCING VICTIMIZATION AMONG THE SELECTED

FEMALE CRIMINOLOGY STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Demographic profile  Data gathering
of the respondents through;
according to; o Related
o Age literature and
o Year level studies
 Perception of the o Floating survey Assessed efficacy of
selected female questionnaires to self-defense training in
criminology students the selected reducing victimization
towards self-defense; respondents among female criminology
 Possible  Data analysis students
victimization through;
experienced by the o Statistical tools
selected female (frequency and
criminology students; percentage
 Efficacy of current distribution, and
self-defense training thematic
programs in equipping analysis)
female criminology
students to protect
themselves towards
victimization.

Fig. 1 Paradigm of the Study

 The variables outlined in this framework pertains to the

hypothetical research study investigating the impact of self-

defense training on the selected female criminology students in

the reduction of victimization. Thus, this study is anchored in

the theory of right to resist aggression by Sanford Kadish –it

states that everyone has a right against the state for

protection from wrongful aggression.

Therefore, the researchers chose the IPO model to illustrate

the flow of the study. The IPO model compromises three main

phases; input, process and output. In the diagram, the input

includes the profile of the respondents in terms of their age and

year level, their perception towards self-defense, possible

victimization experience and the efficacy of current self-defense

program in reducing the victimization. On the other hand, the

process includes the data gathering through the related

literature and studies, and through conducting a survey to the

selected respondents. The process also includes the analysis of

data gathered through using various statistical tools such as the

frequency and percentage distribution, and thematic analysis.

Whilst, through processing the variables in the input box, the

researchers expected outcome is the assessed efficacy of self-

defense training in reducing victimization among the selected

female criminology students.