MV Dona Marilyn Case Study

SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE OF MARITIME, BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY INC.
PHILIPPINES 2022
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The MV Doña Marilyn was a Japanese built ship designed by Onomichi Zosen for
Ryukyu Kainun KK ( the RKK Line) in 1966. It was originally known in Japan as
Otohime Maru and was employed on the Okinawa route. The ship was first sold to
Eusebio Shipping Lines, Cebu in the Philippines in 1976 and was renamed Doña
Ana. However, it was purchased again in 1980 by Sulpicio Lines Inc., Cebu and
was again renamed as Doña Marilyn.
The vessel's striking design emanated an image of bustling activity, drawing
passengers from all walks of life onto its decks. The MV Doña Marilyn, being
roughly 97 meters in length and weighing around 2,215 tons, had a large capacity
to accommodate hundreds of passengers and staff members on each voyage.
The vessel epitomized the spirit of maritime travel, providing passengers with a
comfortable and convenient way of transit between Manila and places in the
Visayas and Mindanao. Its interiors were built to provide a blend of utility and luxury,
with spacious passenger cabins, eating rooms, and lounges where passengers
could relax and unwind throughout their trip.
SINGLING PF MV DONA MARILYN ACCIDENT DUE TO TYPHOON UNSANG 1988

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SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE OF MARITIME, BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY INC. PHILIPPINES 2022
On October 24, 1988, the vessel set off on a routine journey from Manila to
Tacloban City, despite the approaching danger of Typhoon Unsang. Unfortunately,
the voyage became a nightmare when the typhoon released its full power on the
vessel.
The MV Doña Marilyn was caught in a storm with winds over 100 km/h and waves
reaching astounding heights. Despite efforts to manage the storm, the ship
eventually sank off the shore of Leyte island. The accident killed hundreds of
passengers and crew members, leaving a trail of devastation and sorrow.
Investigations were conducted to determine the cause of the disaster and the
events that ultimately caused the ship to sink. Reports of overloading, poor
maintenance, and disregard for safety procedures surfaced, indicating that the ship
was functioning under questionable conditions
The sinking of the MV Doña Marilyn sent shockwaves through the maritime industry
and prompted widespread calls for reform. It brought to light how crucial it is for a
marine transportation to prioritize safety and regulatory compliance in maritime
transportation particularly in adverse weather conditions.

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Figure 1. MV Doña Marilyn
Figure 2. Wrecked MV Doña Marilyn

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DETAILS OF MV DOÑA MARILYN
SPECIFICATIONS
Name MV Doña Marilyn
Owner Suplicio Lines Inc.
Operator Suplicio Lines Inc.
Completed 1966
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
Type Cargo/Passenger Ship
Height 97.6 m (320 ft 2.52 in)
Length 13.7 m (44 ft 11.37 in)
Beam 8.1 m (26 ft 6.89 in)
Tonnage 2855 GRT
Propulsion motor vessel
Speed 19.5 knots (36.11 kph)
Table 1. Ship’s Particular

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BODY
Incident Description
In the early morning exactly 10 am of October 23, 1988, the ship MV Dona Marilyn
– a Philippine passenger ferry operated by Sulpicio Lines, a prominent shipping
company in the Philippines. The vessel was built in 1963 and primarily served
routes between various islands in the Philippines, providing transportation for
passengers and cargo, it was a relatively large ferry, capable of accommodating a
significant number of passengers and vehicles. It played a crucial role in facilitating
travel and commerce between different regions of the Philippines. It left the Manila
and heading or sailing towards Tacloban City having at least 511 people on board
including the ship’s crew and with Captain Eliodoro Salgado Jr.
It sailed from Manila, the capital of the Philippines, on October 23, 1988. Manila is a
significant transportation center in the country, with multiple ports that facilitate the
passage of people and goods between the different islands that make up the
archipelago. It was intended to sail from Manila to Tacloban City, which is situated
on the Island of Leyte's eastern coast.
As MV Dona Marilyn traversing the ocean of Sibuyan Sea in the Central Philippines
on 23rd of October, 1988, 2am, they encountered a huge and powerful waves due
to Typhoon Unsang and also Sibuyan Sea is also known which is prone to rough
seas and affected by tropical storms and typhoons. As they experience the whip of

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Typhoon Unsang they immediately sent a message on the coastal station of
Sulpicio Lines at Manila updating about their condition during the travel and
deciding to slow down the engine in order to cope on the tyranny of waves.
At 1:30 pm, the Doña Marilyn radioed a distress signal off Tanguingui Island, also
known as Manoc-Manoc Island, near Masbate. According to military officials, this
was the last signal from the ferry received by the station. Typhoon Ruby, locally
known as Typhoon Unsang, caused strong winds and giant waves, causing the
ship to capsize around 2 pm.
Figure 3: TYPHOON UNSANG MAP PLOTTING THE STORM'S TRACK AND
INTENSITY, ACCORDING TO THE SAFFIR–SIMPSON SCALE
Along the way, Typhoon Unsang—locally known as Typhoon Ruby in the

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Philippines—a tropical storm that formed in the Western Pacific Ocean, was
making the weather worse in the Manila area and the surrounding waterways. As it
got closer to the Philippines, it brought with it bitter cold, a lot of rain, and choppy
waves.
The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration,
or PAGASA, claims that it has alerted vessels to the impending typhoon by issuing
warnings and advisories, possibly changing their course to avoid the worst of the
storm. The MV Dona Marilyn chose to persist with its voyage from the port of
Manila to Tacloban City in defiance of all of PAGASA's warnings. This choice
ultimately resulted in the terrible and tragic sinking of the ferry.
Figure 4: TYPHOON UNSANG AT PEAK INTENSITY ON OCTOBER 24, 1988
The crew on board the MV Dona Marilyn responds to Typhoon Unsang's approach
and the worsening weather conditions before the ship sinks. But not every action

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the staff takes is thoroughly documented. The crew made sure all safety measures
were taken in case of choppy seas, large waves, and unfavorable weather. This
include tying up loose objects on the deck, inspecting life-saving gear, and
educating passengers on what to do in an emergency. The MV Dona Marilyn's
officers and captain have been in contact with the company's headquarters and
maritime authorities to get updates on the situation and any advisories or warnings
that have been issued for other vessels in the vicinity. Additionally, the staff gave
passengers safety briefings during which they explained emergency protocols,
where life-saving supplies are kept, and evacuation routes in case of an emergency.
It is noteworthy that the MV Dona Marilyn tragically sank during her voyage in spite
of these measures, underscoring the difficulties and dangers of traveling in severe
weather, particularly in the context of tropical cyclones like Typhoon Unsang.
A tragic moment in maritime history, the sinking of the MV Dona Marilyn symbolizes
the ongoing search for responsibility and maritime safety. On October 24, 1988, in
the midst of the stormy waters of the central Philippines, the boat came under the
full force of Typhoon Unsang, also named Typhoon Ruby. This tragic event took
place.

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Figure 5: MV DONA MARILYN SHIP PHOTO
Sulpicio Lines' passenger ferry, the MV Dona Marilyn, sailed from the Philippines'
capital city of Manila, a busy port, on its disastrous journey. Packed with
passengers and goods, the ship headed for Tacloban City, an important center on
the eastern side of the island of Leyte. But those on board were unaware that
Typhoon Unsang, with its fierce gusts and pouring rain, was about to threaten to
scuttle their journey.
The MV Dona Marilyn faced more and more choppy circumstances as it traveled
through the Sibuyan Sea. The vessel was pushed to the verge of disaster as the
unrelenting onslaught of wind and waves tried its strength and stability. The crew
did everything they could to keep things under control and make sure everyone on

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board was safe, but the power of nature was simply too much.
As time went on, things on the MV Dona Marilyn became more and more desperate.
The boat listed dangerously in the middle of the churning waves as they pounded it
with their powerful surges. As the crew and passengers came to terms with the fact
that they were dependent on the weather, confusion and panic broke out.
In a terrifying finale, Typhoon Unsang's overpowering might claimed the MV Dona
Marilyn. The ship, which was once a representation of trade and marine
connectedness, capsized in the turbulent waves and fell into the abyss below.
Hundreds of souls were devoured by the ocean's unrelenting grip, and the sound of
their shouts and pleas resounded across the water.
A frantic battle for survival took place in the wreckage-filled waters in the wake of
the catastrophe. In a desperate attempt to save as many survivors as possible,
heroic people risked their lives in the rescue operation.
A grim reckoning started as the debris fell and the true scope of the disaster
emerged. There were many unanswered questions concerning the choices made
before the tragic journey, the ship's ability to withstand the storm, and the actions
taken in the crucial seconds before the catastrophe happened. The goal of the
investigations was to disentangle the complex network of events that had resulted
in such a devastating death toll.

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Repercussions from the MV Dona Marilyn's sinking rippled throughout the maritime
industry, provoking introspection and calls for change. It exposed the weaknesses
in the Philippine maritime sector and emphasized the necessity of strict safety
regulations and close supervision. Although tributes were given, memorials built,
and lessons learnt, the tragedy's wounds would always remain as a somber
reminder of how fleeting human existence is in the face of nature's wrath.
The MV Dona Marilyn's sinking is a somber tribute to the human spirit's persistent
endurance following unfathomable catastrophe in the annals of nautical history. It
acts as a sobering reminder of the sea's limitless capacity to bring people together
as well as drive them apart, to nurture and destroy. Above all, it forces us to take
historical lessons into consideration as we set out to create a more secure and safe
future for the world's oceans.
So aftermath the hearing of Senate about into the disaster, some evidences are
presented such as logbook of the Sulpicio Lines. Senator John Osmeña contended
that the shipping line and the Coast Guard ought to have been able to warn
Captain Salgado to divert from its intended course before the hurricane reached
Signal No. 3, given that they were aware of a typhoon approaching Tacloban
through PAGASA.
On October 31, Corazon Alma de Leon of the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) declared that Sulpicio Lines has promised to donate
₱50,000 to each of the departed family members. Two days later, Secretary of

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Transportation and Communications Rainerio Reyes met with President Corazon
Aquino. Reyes said after the conference that all Sulpicio Lines ferries would be
prohibited from leaving their respective ports. Sulpicio Lines ignored the directive
and continued operating the ferry as usual, asking to be given a formal order before
they shut down. In the end, an interagency committee was formed on November 5
to investigate all Philippine commercial vessels. In order to inspect the MV
Cotabato Princesa ferry operated by Sulpicio Lines, the committee grounded all of
its ships on the same day.
Shortly after the committee's formation, the National Telecommunications
Commission (NTC) raised the bar for seafaring vessels following the Doña Marilyn
incident, suspending 14 more cargo and passenger ships after examining 216 of
them nationwide for broken navigational and communication systems.
When diving at Manoc-manoc Island, also known as La Manok Island, on
November 10, a fisherman by the name of Bonifacio Rodrigo apparently saw the
sunken vessel, which turned out to be the wreck of the Doña Marilyn.
Father of Capt. Salgado, Eliodoro Salgado Sr., offered three weeks after the ship
sank to assist Ramon Barrot of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) in
locating his son, who was allegedly hiding in Maripipi Island in the province of
Biliran at the time. Some survivors, including Alex Moron Jr., claimed to have seen
him board a life raft after he abandoned ship.

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A reward of ₱50,000 was set for anyone who could find Capt. Salgado, and shortly
after, NBI senior agent Zosimo Pebrero confirmed his presence in Barangay Ol-og,
Maripipi. Speaker Pro Tempore Antonio Cuenco, who was in charge of the search
for Salgado, claimed that barangay officials would not cooperate with NBI officials
upon their arrival on the island and that he might be forced to ask for their arrests if
needed.
The precise number of disaster survivors was the subject of conflicting accounts;
Reuters stated that at least 205 people survived, while Martinia Mercado of the
DSWD stated that just 181 people did. Vice President of Sulpicio Lines Vicente
Gambito estimated the number at 197.
Lynette Ordoñez of the Manila Standard claimed that at least 101 of the survivors
were not listed on the ship's manifest, but Gambito claimed that 46 of them were.
After the tragedy, Alex Moron Jr. became president of the Doña Marilyn Survivors
Association.

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Figure 6: CURRENT SITUATION OF MV DONA MARILYN

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ANALYSIS
In the wake of the tragedy, amid Typhoon Unsang's rage, the state of the MV Dona
Marilyn prior to its terrible sinking has been the focus of examination and research.
This maritime calamity is still incredibly painful and somber. The ship's
maintenance has been closely examined to determine whether it was subjected to
routine inspections, repairs, and maintenance processes in accordance with
industry norms and maritime laws. Any breakdowns or inadequacies in the
maintenance procedures may have jeopardized the ship's seaworthiness and
weather-withstanding capacity.
The classification societies regularly conduct surveys and inspections to verify that
ships meet safety and technical standards, helping to confirm the seaworthiness of
vessels. Details on the MV Dona Marilyns classification status and inspection
reports could provide valuable information on the ships condition and compliance
with regulations.
Having knowledge of the ships history, such as incidents, accidents, or near misses,
can offer important context for evaluating its performance and ability to handle
challenging conditions. Older ships may undergo upgrades or modifications to
improve their efficiency, safety, or adherence to rules. Assessing the effectiveness
of the retrofitting of the MV Dona Marilyn would be crucial in determining its
adequacy.

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The availability, condition, and functionality of emergency equipment such as
lifeboats, life rafts, life jackets, and emergency communication systems are crucial
for ensuring the safety of passengers and crew during emergencies. Evaluating the
adequacy and effectiveness of emergency equipment and procedures aboard the
MV Dona Marilyn would have been essential in assessing the vessel’s readiness to
respond to adverse conditions.
One of the most important components of the analysis is the decision-making
process that led to the disastrous expedition. Despite the threat of Typhoon
Unsang, the decision was taken to continue the voyage from Manila to Tacloban
City. This choice implies possible errors in risk assessment and judgment on the
severity of the weather conditions and their potential influence on the voyage's
safety.
Typhoon Unsang showcased its strength highlighting the dangers of navigating
through weather conditions, at sea when the MV Dona Marilyn narrowly avoided its
wrath. Despite the Philippines experiencing typhoons questions were raised about
the ships and crews capability to handle circumstances. Worries emerged
regarding the ships stability, structural integrity and safety measures during
weather conditions.
The incident led to investigations into the management system overseeing the
Philippines' ocean operations and assessing compliance with safety guidelines,
contracts, and emergency response strategies, aiming to identify deficiencies in

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administrative controls. Effective communication and coordination between vessel
crew, maritime authorities, and other parties is crucial during emergencies.
Analysis of protocols and processes identifies areas for improvement.
The incident underscored the significance of emergency preparedness and
response in addressing maritime disasters, revealing areas for improvement in
emergency equipment, evacuation procedures, and crew training to improve
passenger and crew survival during emergencies.
The MV Dona Marilyn disaster highlighted the significant impact of human factors
on the vessel's sinking, including crew ability, training, and adherence to operating
procedures. The incident led to a thorough examination of marine safety
procedures, legislation, and industry standards in the Philippines and other
countries, influencing measures to increase safety standards, improve regulatory
monitoring, and promote a safety culture to prevent future tragedies.
Improve weather monitoring and forecasting skills, especially in tropical storm and
typhoon-prone areas. Implement strong processes for analyzing weather-related
hazards and making educated decisions about trip planning, route selection, and
potential delays or cancellations under poor weather conditions.
Strengthen rules and monitoring procedures to guarantee that vessels are
seaworthy, including frequent inspections, maintenance, and adherence to safety
requirements. Implement actions to address age-related degradation, modify older

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boats, and invest in modernization and safety enhancements to increase the
marine fleet's resilience.
Enforce compliance with current safety legislation and industry standards that
regulate marine operations, such as vessel stability, lifesaving equipment,
emergency procedures, and crew training. Implement actions to improve
accountability and enforcement mechanisms in order to discourage noncompliance
and guarantee adherence to safety rules.
Improve communication and collaboration among marine stakeholders, such as
vessel operators, maritime authorities, meteorological services, and search and
rescue groups. Improve standards for communicating timely weather warnings,
emergency alerts, and operational updates to support informed decision-making.
Situational parameters played an important role in the sinking of the MV Dona
Marilyn and subsequent impacts on maritime activities. The analysis presented
here closely examines all the environmental factors related to the incident.
The major natural disaster linked to the calamity was Typhoon Unsang. This
destructive tropical cyclone had massive effects on the area in the form of harsh
climate conditions such as strong winds, very heavy rainfall, and rough seas. The
intensity of the typhoon subjected the MV Dona Marilyn to unimaginable strain,
resulting in its sinking. The characteristics, speed, and path of Typhoon Unsang
were important environmental factors that determined the level of difficulty maritime

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conditions would pose to any vessel at a given time.
One of the crucial determining factors of the readiness and response of a ship and
its crew is the level of accuracy of weather forecasting and timely availability of
weather information. When there is a likelihood that a hazard is coming through,
strong weather monitoring systems with accurate forecasts are essential in alerting
the stakeholders in the maritime sector about upcoming hazards to enable
informed decision-making on voyage planning, route adjustments, safety measures,
among others.
Given that the tragedy was also impacted by the area's distinctive geographical and
oceanographic features, it is reasonable to predict that these factors will alter the
environmental setting. The Sibuyan Sea is located in central Philippines, between
the islands of Luzon and Visayas, which are frequently affected by tropical storms
and typhoons due to their location in the Typhoon Belt. In particular, undersea
topography, currents, and bathymetry in the Sibuyan Sea may have rendered sea
conditions even more perilous for the MV Dona Marilyn.
Although the individual incident was not related to climate change itself, the overall
climate changes that occur around can, however, not be disregarded as climate
change is said to affect the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.
Weather patterns, for example, those associated with tropical cyclones, might be
increased by climate change, thus more intense and dangerous maritime hazards
can result from these. Recognizing the potential consequences of climate change

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on marine safety must come as part of the larger initiative of adapting to changing
environmental conditions while minimizing future risks.
The sinking of the MV Dona Marilyn was accompanied by environmental impacts
that went far beyond human fatalities and property loss. The spillage of fuel, oil,
and other dangerous substances by the ship was a menace to marine life and
people who lived along the coast. It is evident from this environmental impact that
an accident prevention plan should include an effective response strategy and
other steps for early pollution control to curtail further harm to ecology in case of
maritime accidents.
In summary, environmental factors played a crucial role in causing the sinking of
the MV Dona Marilyn and its aftermath. Understanding the complex interplay
between environmental variables, maritime operations and security aspects is
critical to improving resilience, preparedness and sustainability in the face of
maritime threats. Continued efforts to mitigate environmental risks, improve
forecasting capabilities and promote sustainable marine practices are critical to
protecting lives, livelihoods and the marine environment into the future.
The state of the sea and the waves in the Sibuyan Sea must be taken into account
by the ship’s captain and crew because they will have a significant influence on
their stability and navigability. Vessels must understand how certain variables, such
as wave height, period, and direction, can affect their ability to steer out of harm’s
way and susceptibility to capsizing or submersion in high waves. It is highly

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important to analyze changes in the local wave climate to estimate risks related to
offshore activities here.
Severe weather conditions also play a role, with visibility and atmospheric
situations influencing maritime safety. During heavy rain, fog, or very low visibility,
navigation becomes complicated, increasing the possibility of ship collisions or
groundings; likewise, this will hinder an emergency search and rescue mission.
Therefore, it is important that visibility and atmospheric conditions are monitored to
ensure the safety of ships at sea.
The complex topography of the shoreline and oceanic threats within the pathway of
MV Dona Marilyn might be factors that add more environmental risks to its
navigation. Low-lying shoals, coral reefs, as well as sunken vessels can increase
the possibilities of running aground or collisions, particularly if visibility is poor or in
stormy weather. In the assessment of these hazards and mitigation measures, it is
imperative to appreciate local coastal geomorphology and bathymetry.
The discharge of pollutants into the marine environment can cause profound
damage to nearby ecosystems and local biodiversity. Pollution may have adversely
affected coastal ecosystems, fish resources, and marine species, leading to
continuous ecological threats and socio-economic consequences for coastal
populations. Determining the sensitivity and resilience of marine systems towards
anthropogenic impacts is important when planning recovery measures in response
to marine accidents.

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Environmental concerns must be considered while developing emergency
response and environmental contingency plans for marine catastrophes. To reduce
the impact of maritime accidents on natural resources, reaction measures must be
integrated into a strategy that includes protocols for oil spill cleaning, hazardous
waste removal, and habitat restoration. Collaboration among government agencies,
environmental groups, and corporate sector participants is critical to ensuring an
ecologically sound response and recovery strategy.
Preventing climate risks is critical in the context of extreme weather and other
natural catastrophes to meet the growing concerns posed by these problems.
While ensuring that disaster risk reduction activities are well-coordinated and
implemented in accordance with gender equality, incorporating climate resilience
considerations into maritime infrastructure development, coastal zone management,
and disaster risk reduction activities can help to limit the effects of climate-related
threats on maritime safety and environmental sustainability.
The Doña Marilyn MV disaster had an impact beyond the boat thus leaving behind
a sad aftermath of loss, grief and trauma. At the core of this tragedy is profound
human suffering characterized by loss of life and injuries suffered by passengers
and crew.
Chiefly, the incident claimed too many lives with hundreds of individuals dying in
the ferry capsizing and sinking. The number of deaths may depend on different

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accounts and sources but the extent of the tragedy cannot be denied. As news
about the calamity spread, families were torn apart, communities shattered and a
nation thrown into mourning. Each death represented a unique story, a beloved
one lost, an end to tomorrow’s dreams leaving gaps that can never be filled.
Besides loss of life, other survivors sustained minor injuries such as cuts or more
serious trauma like bodily injury.
Falling objects, falling debris, and cold water might have exposed them to
numerous dangers among others. The survivors would have suffered various
injuries that needed urgent medical attention as well as continuing support which
will further destabilize already overwhelmed emergency departments.
Beyond the immediate physical damage, the psychological implications of this
event are almost impossible to exaggerate. People who survived such a thing
might be tormented by their own terrifying memories of disaster; in addition, they
had been facing feelings of blame and fear as well as survivor’s guilt. For example,
many people who experience traumatic events in their lives like MV Doña Marilyn
tend to develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression
which require specialized support and mental health services for rehabilitation.
The death and injuries that characterized the MV Doña Marilyn incident were felt all
over the Philippines, touching families, communities and then country at large. This
catastrophe was a vivid reminder of how fragile life is and how unpredictable sea
journeys could be, thus prompting a call for more safety measures, responsibility as

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well as control in the maritime industry.
The MV Doña Marilyn accident while best known as one with tragic loss of lives
and injuries, also had severe effects on its environment. The ferry’s capsizing and
sinking caused environmental harm, which affected not only the immediate area
but also spread further to marine ecosystems, coastal habitats plus communities
relying on natural resources for their livelihoods. In this essay we explore the
environmental consequences of the MV Doña Marilyn incident by examining
damage done to marine environments with efforts to redress it considered.
Oil Spills and Pollution. The most immediate and visible environmental impact of
the MV Doña Marilyn would be the oil and other pollutants released into the sea.
The ferry was carrying fuel oil, lubricants, and other hazardous materials in its fuel
tanks and machinery. The sinking would result in fuel dispersion, jeopardizing
water quality, marine life, and ecosystems of the coastal areas. Oil spills are highly
destructive to the marine environment; they create a film on the water surface and
suffocate marine life, including fish, sea birds, and marine mammals. The toxic
elements of oil damage the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems of
marine animals, resulting in massive death as well as long-term ecological
devastation.
Finally, oil spills can result in contamination of coastal habitats such as beaches,
mangroves, and coral reefs, limiting the capability of these ecosystems to support
biodiversity and offer valuable ecosystem services. Cleaning and remediation

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processes to remediate oil spills can be relatively complicated, expensive, and
time-consuming.
They necessitate the use of special technologies and machinery as well as trained
workers and cooperation among government agencies and other relevant
organizations. Habitat Destruction and Loss of Biodiversity, following the sinking of
the MV Doña Marilyn, the incident may have caused physical harm to marine
habitats and ecosystems around the location. Artifacts such as the wreckage of the
ferry, its cargo, and other items may have been strewn on the seafloor, disrupting
benthic environments and coral ecosystems.
Furthermore, the commotion instigated by the ferry plummeting and following
retrieval endeavors might have rattled frail ecosystems, like underwater grasslands,
swamp woodlands, and stony coasts. Such territories furnish critical spawning
locales, munching zones, and juvenile shelters for an expansive assortment of sea
life forms comprising economically vital fish plus invertebrates. The ruin or
impairment of aquatic terrains can trigger avalanches in biodiversity which leads to
dwindling piscine populations, alterations in creature assortments, and
perturbations in ecological operations. The safeguarding plus restoration of water
domains impacted by the accident involving MV Doña Marilyn prove paramount for
upholding the durability plus yield of seaside ecologies while endorsing enduring
fisheries plus touristic deeds.
Further down line concerning Sea Path Dangers also Naval Preservation; debris

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from MV Doña Marilyn alongside detritus from said calamity could've represented
seafaring risks to additional crafts sailing nearby thus elevating hazards linked with
maritime mishaps also smashes. Submerged crafts dormant obstacles along
floating remnants pose potential stumbling blocks within navigational passages
blocking transit ways besides jeopardizing aquatic voyaging safety measures
consequently post-disaster efforts towards pinpoint mark furthermore clean sea
route dangers turned crucial keeping vessel movements across this locale under
secure conditions likewise salvage undertakings aimed at hauling rubbish sinking
wreckage off sea bottom seen hampered via limited sight harsh tides moreover
tough subsurface circumstances Tackling seaway threats born out MV Doña
Marilyn event insists upon tight cooperation amongst naval authorities harbor
overseers wreck lifting entities together eco divisions. By identifying and mitigating
potential risks to navigation, stakeholders can enhance maritime safety and prevent
further environmental damage in the affected area.
Economic Impact on Fisheries and Tourism, the environmental damage caused by
the MV Doña Marilyn incident can have far-reaching economic consequences for
coastal communities dependent on fisheries and tourism. Oil spills, habitat
destruction, and loss of biodiversity can disrupt commercial fishing activities,
reduce fish stocks, and undermine the livelihoods of fishers and seafood
processors. Additionally, the negative publicity surrounding the incident and its
environmental consequences can deter tourists from visiting affected areas,
leading to declines in tourism revenues, hotel bookings, and recreational activities.
Coastal communities reliant on tourism income may suffer economic losses as a

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result of reduced visitor numbers and negative perceptions of destination safety
and environmental quality. Addressing the economic impacts of the MV Doña
Marilyn incident requires targeted interventions to support affected communities,
restore ecosystem services, and promote sustainable resource management
practices. Investing in fisheries rehabilitation, habitat restoration, and ecotourism
development can help mitigate the long-term economic consequences of
environmental damage and promote the resilience and recovery of coastal
economies.
Legal and Regulatory Responses, in response to the environmental damage
caused by the MV Doña Marilyn incident, government agencies and regulatory
authorities may have implemented measures to enforce environmental laws,
impose penalties on responsible parties, and prevent future incidents.
Environmental regulations governing maritime operations, oil pollution prevention,
and marine conservation may be strengthened or revised to address gaps and
shortcomings revealed by the incident. Additionally, legal actions, such as lawsuits,
compensation claims, and enforcement actions, may be pursued against the
owners, operators, and insurers of the MV Doña Marilyn to hold them accountable
for the environmental damage and economic losses incurred.
Civil and criminal liability for pollution incidents may result in fines, penalties, and
restitution payments to affected parties, contributing to the funding of cleanup and
restoration efforts.

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The MV Doña Marilyn incident had far-reaching consequences beyond the loss of
human lives and environmental damage; it also inflicted significant property
damage. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of property damage
resulting from the incident, including the destruction of the ferry itself, loss of cargo
and vehicles, and economic ramifications for stakeholders.
Loss of Vessel, the most obvious form of property damage resulting from the MV
Doña Marilyn incident was the total loss of the ferry itself. The vessel, which
represented a significant investment for its owner, Sulpicio Lines, was rendered
irreparably damaged and ultimately sank beneath the waters, becoming a
permanent fixture of the ocean floor.
The loss of the MV Doña Marilyn had significant financial implications for its owner,
including the cost of the vessel's construction, maintenance, and insurance
coverage. The value of the ferry, along with its equipment, machinery, and onboard
amenities, would have amounted to millions of dollars, representing a substantial
financial loss for the company.
Moreover, the loss of the ferry had operational consequences for Sulpicio Lines,
including disruptions to its maritime transportation services, loss of revenue, and
reputational damage. The company's ability to fulfill contractual obligations, service
routes, and maintain customer confidence may have been compromised in the
aftermath of the incident, further exacerbating its financial woes. Cargo and Vehicle
Loss, in addition to the loss of the vessel itself, the MV Doña Marilyn incident

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resulted in the destruction or loss of cargo, vehicles, and personal belongings
onboard. The ferry was likely carrying a variety of goods, merchandise, and
supplies destined for delivery to various ports of call, as well as vehicles belonging
to passengers and crew members. The destruction of cargo and vehicles onboard
the MV Doña Marilyn represented a significant financial loss for shippers, importers,
and exporters, who may have incurred damages or lost revenue as a result of the
incident. The value of the lost cargo, including perishable goods, consumer
products, and commercial merchandise, would have amounted to substantial sums,
further compounding the economic impact of the tragedy.
Additionally, the loss of personal belongings belonging to passengers and crew
members onboard the ferry would have had emotional and financial consequences
for those affected. Valuable items such as clothing, electronics, documents, and
sentimental belongings may have been destroyed or lost in the chaos of the
capsizing and sinking, leaving individuals without essential possessions and
mementos of their past.
Economic Ramifications for Stakeholders, the property damage resulting from the
MV Doña Marilyn incident had broader economic ramifications for stakeholders
across the maritime industry and local economies dependent on maritime trade and
transportation. The loss of the ferry and its cargo disrupted supply chains, logistics
networks, and commercial activities, leading to financial losses for businesses,
suppliers, and service providers. Shipping companies, freight forwarders, and
logistics providers involved in the transport of goods and commodities may have

29
incurred additional costs associated with rerouting shipments, arranging alternative
transportation, and addressing delays in delivery schedules.
The ripple effects of the incident would have been felt by a wide range of industries,
including manufacturing, retail, agriculture, and tourism. Furthermore, the
reputational damage inflicted by the MV Doña Marilyn incident on Sulpicio Lines
and the broader maritime industry in the Philippines had long-term consequences
for investor confidence, market competitiveness, and regulatory oversight.
Stakeholders, including investors, shareholders, and creditors, may have
reassessed their relationships with the company and the industry, leading to
changes in investment strategies and risk management practices.
The MV Doña Marilyn incident had a profound and multifaceted economic impact
on the maritime industry, local economies, and society. Direct costs included
search and rescue operations, emergency response efforts, salvage operations,
and cleanup activities to recover survivors, mitigate environmental damage, and
restore maritime assets. These costs included fuel, equipment, logistical support,
medical care, humanitarian aid, and crisis management. Salvage operations aimed
at recovering the wreckage and removing navigation hazards also incurred
substantial costs. Cleanup activities to mitigate environmental damage also
required financial resources and technical expertise.
Indirect losses resulted from the incident, including disruptions to maritime
transportation services, loss of revenue for businesses, and reputational damage to

30
the tourism sector. The suspension of maritime operations by Sulpicio Lines led to
lost revenue for the company, its suppliers, and affiliated businesses. The negative
publicity surrounding the incident may have deterred passengers from using ferry
services operated by Sulpicio Lines, further impacting the company's financial
viability.
The MV Doña Marilyn incident had broader implications for the tourism sector,
particularly in regions reliant on maritime transportation for tourism activities. The
loss of confidence in ferry travel and negative perception of destination safety and
environmental quality may have led to declines in tourist arrivals, hotel bookings,
and recreational activities. Indirect losses also extended to businesses dependent
on maritime trade and transportation, such as importers, exporters, and
manufacturers.
Long-term consequences of the MV Doña Marilyn incident included legal liabilities,
regulatory reforms, and changes in industry practices. Legal liabilities, such as
compensation claims, lawsuits, and enforcement actions, imposed financial
burdens on responsible parties, such as Sulpicio Lines and its insurers. Regulatory
reforms and changes in industry practices emerged to enhance safety standards,
improve emergency preparedness, and strengthen oversight of maritime operations.
The incident served as a catalyst for broader discussions on maritime safety,
environmental protection, and corporate accountability within the maritime industry
and regulatory agencies.

31
Figure 7: WHO’S SALVAGING MV DONA MARILYN
The supporters of the environment and scuba diving were disturbed because an
untracked shipping company had allegedly conducted a salvage activity on the
ruins of the MV Doña Marilyn, which has now become a well-known dive site in
Malapascua Island in Daanbantayan.
A reason they raised was that disposing of the remains of the ship could cause a
negative effect on the environment and economy of Northern Cebu, which is

32
famous among scuba divers.
With the matter reaching Daanbantayan Mayor Vicente Loot’s ear, he was quick to
denounce the salvaging of MV Doña Marilyn, noting how it had taken place
unbeknownst to the town officials.
One of the cases which DENR 7 is investigating is to determine the suspects
responsible for the illegal salvage operations.
To ensure that their operations are within the boundaries of the law, the Philippine
Coast Guard (PCG) Cebu Station is also verifying if the salvage ship obtained a
permit from them prior to conducting their operations.
V Doña Marilyn, a passenger ship owned by the former Sulpicio Lines Inc., sank in
1988 while on a voyage from Manila to Tacloban under Typhoon Unsang.
The sinking resulted in the death of over three hundred individuals, while one
hundred and forty-seven others were able to escape alive.
While the ship had a history of tragedy, divers have begun to consider it a treasure
trove.
This place is also rich in biodiversity, as many types of corals and marine life reside
here.

33
Oposa announced to SunStar Cebu yesterday that "Inasmuch as it has sunk, the
shipwreck has now transformed into an artificial reef and begun to harbor marine
life."
It is, on the other hand, one of the four shipwrecks divers get to see in Malapascua.
The enterprise tried to salvage the boat before, Oposa mentioned.
In 2004, there was an attempt by a metal company to remove the wreckage from
the area; however, it was stopped after the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA)
ordered them not to do so.
The present PTA executive and senator Robert Dean Barbers fought the salvage
because it was about to destroy the tourism sector.
During an interview with SunStar Cebu, Gideon Esmero, who works in the
Conservation and Development Division of the DENR 7, said that this ship is a
successful artificial coral area because it hosts diverse flora and fauna like black
corals, which are also endangered.
The remains of the wreck also served as habitats for many other sea creatures like
the marble electric ray, blue spotted rays, bow and eagle rays, devil rays, and white
tip sharks.

34
According to Esmero, despite the limited number of studies on biodiversity within
the MV Doña Marilyn, the presence of these plant and animal species indicates
that coral recruitment in the wreckage has been successful.
In response to the needs and demands of the diving fraternity, Esmero noted that
one of their findings is that sand tends to dominate as the primary substrate or bed
in most parts of the area, making it hard for coral colonies to be successful.
"These fragments have become a matrix that promotes coral growth in the area,"
he said.
Esmero said if the debris was removed from the area, it would cause a significant
loss to the area's biodiversity.
In a separate interview, Vince Hinches of Greenpeace Philippines said clearing the
wreck would also have an economic impact, especially for Malapascua residents
whose livelihoods depend on tourists.
"For a community that relies heavily on diving for income, closing dive sites is likely
to shorten the time divers spend on the island and concentrate the pressure on a
few locations," he said.

35
Mayor Lott condemned the restoration of the MV Doña Marilyn in a statement,
saying it would have a negative impact on the city's tourism industry.
“No natural or legal person may carry out shipwreck salvage or similar activities
within the area of responsibility of Daanbantayan without the necessary
authorization from the mayor, which unfortunately we will never approve as they
are harmful to the environment and the growing city tourism is destructive," he said.
(JKV)
Figure 8: MV DONA MARILYN AS DIVING SPOT

36
Sunken ships, despite their terrible histories, regularly resurface as famous diving
spots. The MV Dona Marilyn, sitting beneath the seas of the central Philippines,
has become a popular diving destination. Although it may sound counterintuitive,
these destinations entice divers with their unique underwater landscape, rich
marine fauna, and historical significance.
The appeal of the MV Dona Marilyn's wreckage entices divers, allowing them to
explore its depths. The ship's ruins rest on the seabed, creating a stunning
underwater scene that invites brave divers to delve within and closely investigate
the debris.
As time passes, submerged ships such as the MV Dona Marilyn transform into
man-made coral reefs, drawing in a wide range of marine creatures. The wreckage
becomes a thriving environment, with corals, sponges, and fish taking up residence,
resulting in vibrant ecosystems that divers can venture into. This sunken vessel
potentially provides a home for numerous species.
Despite the past that ended with tragedy, Dona Marilyn still stands as a relic of
maritime history. Those who are keen on studying shipwrecks and maritime
traditions might find the remnants an interesting material for investigation and
uncovering the details of the catastrophe. The place is seen to be able to provide a
visualized form of memories about the perils that mariners have gone through, as
well as emphasizing the need for safety precautions in their sailing escapades.

37
One of the most enjoyable and yet challenging diving experiences is found in wreck
sites such as MV Dona Marilyn. Moving through debris, controlling buoyancy, and
penetrating narrow spaces are definitely not for amateurs; those skills require
practice and make it possible to enjoy the adventure of wreck diving, which is often
unique and extraordinary.
The existence of a prominent diving destination can lead to the growth of the
tourism industry and economy in this area. Dive centers, hotels, restaurants, and
other organizations can generate more income from visitors coming to that place
specifically because of a sunken ship dive site.
A renowned wreck site can be a vital source of foreign currency and generate local
tourism, which directly results in economic development. The diving operation,
hotels, restaurants, and other businesses could benefit from the increased number
of divers and tourists who come to this location due to its popularity as a wreck
diving spot. Scuba diving tourism has the potential for job creation and helping to
stimulate the local economy for coastal areas.
Please note that even though it is an exciting and enlightening experience, wreck
diving should not be taken lightly. In order to ensure the safety of those diving in
wrecks, divers must possess proper qualifications, knowledge, as well as
necessary equipment. Moreover, the protection of wreck sites as cultural and
ecological resources necessitates responsible diving methods and efforts at

38
conservation aimed at minimizing harm to the underwater flora and fauna.
Figure 9: DIVING THE DONA MARILYN WRECK

39
This ship is presently sat at roughly 30m on its starboard side and is remarkably
well preserved, giving it an ideal diving location without having to travel far. We
often offer tours to examine this strange wreck, which is home to some incredible
life. With spectacular growth on the top of the wreck at roughly 18m and great life
on it ranging from Scorpion fish to Nudibranchs and, on sometimes, a variety of the
ray family drifting by, all of this leads to an amazing dive.
This wreck is home to frogfish, sea snakes, nudibranchs, huge cuttlefish, and
flatworms. Batfish and large porcupine fish are both regular visits. White tip sharks,
huge moray eels, marble rays, blue-spotted rays, eagle rays, and devil rays have
all been observed there. Several types of sweetlips grow larger here than at other
diving locations. Divers may also see numerous of the stunning purple fire sea
urchins, together with their resident zebra crabs and Coleman's shrimps. For those
completing their Advanced Open Water (AOW) course or those who already
possess this certification and just want to undertake enjoyable dives, the dive itself
is ideal. Since the ruin is completely penetrated, it is also suitable for anyone doing
their PADI ruin Diver Specialty or even TDI Advanced Wreck course. Frogfish, sea
snakes, nudibranchs, big cuttlefish, and flatworms can all be found living on this
wreck. Along with batfish, large porcupine fish are frequent visitors. There are
occasionally observed white tip sharks, huge moray eels, marble rays, blue-spotted
rays, eagle rays, and devil rays. This diving spot has larger types of sweetlips than
any other. Divers can also see a large number of the stunning purple fire sea
urchins, along with the zebra crabs and Coleman's shrimp that live there.

40
SUMMARY
The tragedy of the MV Dona Marilyn is among the most terrible maritime mishaps
in Philippine history. On October 24, 1988, the Sulpicio Lines ship MV Dona
Marilyn was traveling from Manila to Tacloban City as usual. This route was chosen
by travelers from Metro Manila who were traveling to various locations in the
Visayas. Regretfully, the trip that was supposed to be routine turned into a terrible
nightmare when they encountered Typhoon Unsang, a strong tropical storm that
quickly formed over the Philippine Sea.
The ship had several difficulties when the cyclone stirred up the waters. First of all,
the ferry's construction was unable to withstand the gusts of wind and the wave that
was cresting higher than the homes. Second, there was probably an overloading
issue because it is highly likely that even in this sad incident—which is just one of
many tragic accidents that frequently occur as a result of disregarding safety
regulations—the Ferry MV Dona Marilyn would have been carrying more
passengers and cargo than her capacity would have permitted under rules
designed to prevent such tragedies in the maritime transportation industry, which is
beset by safety issues that are routinely ignored in favor of profit maximization.
The ship's structural fragility combined with the unfavorable weather conditions
resulted in a calamity. Despite their greatest attempts to fight through the storm, the
MV Dona Marilyn was overwhelmed by the elements and began to fill with water.

41
When passengers and crew members realized they were about to die, chaos broke
out on board, creating a terrifying spectacle.
Following the MV Dona Marilyn disaster, inquiries were conducted to determine the
underlying reasons of the sinking and to bring charges against those responsible
for the crew's and passengers' safety. The main points of contention were whether
or not the ship was seaworthy, how trustworthy the safety measures were, and
what the crew did in response to the incident.
The tragedy of the MV Dona Marilyn serves as a stark reminder of the risks
associated with shipping, particularly in areas where typhoons and tropical storms
are common. It also highlights the need for strict safety regulations, rules, and
oversight to prevent such tragedies from happening in the future. Years have gone
by since then, but the memory of those who perished in the sinking of the MV Dona
Marilyn endures, serving as a constant reminder of how susceptible humans are to
natural calamities.

42
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the sad loss of the MV Dona Marilyn serves as a stark warning of the
terrible outcomes that may happen when marine safety is jeopardized in severe
weather. During Typhoon Unsan on October 24, 1988, an incident happened that
resulted in hundreds of deaths and had a lasting influence on marine safety laws
and procedures in the Philippines and other countries.
The MV Dona Marilyn event analysis highlights the intricate interactions between
environmental elements, human factors, ship preparedness, and decision-making
processes that resulted in the catastrophe. The decision to proceed with the
voyage from Manila to Tacloban City in spite of warnings of an impending typhoon
eventually left the ship and its occupants vulnerable to the full intensity of the storm.
The event was influenced by a number of environmental factors, including the
strength of Typhoon Unsang, the state of the water, and the geology of the shore.
Due to the Sibuyan Sea's notorious susceptibility to tropical storms, the MV Dona
Marilyn has additional difficulties when navigating choppy waters and unfavorable
weather.
In order to avert future catastrophes of this kind, a thorough examination of industry
standards, legal frameworks, and marine safety procedures has been prompted by
the aftermath of the MS Dona Marilyn. There are suggestions for strengthening

43
oversight, enhancing ship preparedness, enhancing weather monitoring capabilities,
and fostering a safety culture in the maritime sector. There have been initiatives to
memorialize the victims of the MV Dona Marilyn disaster and guarantee that their
legacy is honored in the years after this terrible incident. Remembrance events,
memorials, and rituals serve as a symbol of respect for the departed and provide
solace to the surviving who are still here. These deeds also serve as a reminder of
the immense sorrow that occurs when people are involved in maritime tragedies.
They also serve as a catalyst for the idea that people should never forget the lives
that are lost at sea. Apart from the aforementioned alterations in perspectives
about maritime safety, the disaster led to significant revisions in the legislative and
regulatory structure overseeing marine safety in the Philippines.
Maritime collaboration and knowledge exchange among stakeholders took off after
the MV Dona Marilyn incident at national, regional, and international levels. Other
countries and organizations benefited from these lessons learned, leading to the
sharing of best practices, guidelines, and standards that were created to enhance
maritime safety and resilience worldwide. This collaborative response illustrates
how much global cooperation matters in addressing maritime threats that endanger
our collective security, as well as ensuring the successful conduct of maritime
operations in peacetime or wartime. However long ago it was when the MV Dona
Marilyn incident occurred, its teachings still remain pertinent at present.
It is also essential that all maritime stakeholders stay alert, proactive, and be
prepared to face ever-changing risks and threats that may arise in the maritime
environment. Moreover, these kinds of training, drills, and exercises serve as a way

44
to maintain readiness and keep track of what has been learned from previous
events for better application in the future.
In the midst of the MV Dona Marilyn sinking, there emerged tales of resilience,
heroism, and survival. The courage and resolve shown by survivors, responders,
and the affected areas demonstrate how strong the human spirit can be when
confronted with challenges. Such narratives provide hope for others and underline
solidarity, empathy, and assistance during testing situations.
Sunk since then, the MV Dona Marilyn has turned into a diving destination, a sober
symbol of the lives lost and wisdom acquired through disaster while its message
still stands as a testament to the need for adherence to safety, preparedness, and
resilience in marine operations. By adopting effective mitigation strategies based
on lessons from history and applying proactive approaches to reduce risks,
stakeholders are likely to forge the way forward towards a safer and more
environmentally friendly future for the maritime industry.

45
ANALYSIS
The MV Dona Marilyn disaster highlights some of the major issues that continue to
affect maritime security in the Philippines and throughout the world based on its
aftermath.
Safety Guidelines and Adherence
One crucial lesson to be learned from the accident is the necessity of strong and
efficient safety regulations that can regulate the activities of the maritime industry.
However, overcrowding, which was common on Philippine ferries in those years,
seriously jeopardizes ship stability and increases risks during inclement weather.
Being Weather Ready
Typhoon Unsang's impact on the MV Dona Marilyn highlights the need of accurate
weather forecasts and preparedness strategies for seafaring ships. This makes it
abundantly evident that regulations like proper training and procedures for sailing in
severe weather are crucial for lowering the hazards to sailors and passengers alike.
Handling Crises and Reaction
The failure of a disaster preparedness system that had no crisis management plans,
and crew training indicates the value and practical use of comprehensive crisis
management plans and crew training. Successful completion of all other measures
such as good communication, cooperation with rescue teams, and maintenance of

46
order in the evacuation are extremely imp ortant to improve chances for
survival in an emergency situation.
Responsibility and Supervision
Following the disaster, an investigation into the sinking brought up questions about
accountability and oversight of the maritime sector. One crucial way to prevent
future tragedies of this kind is to hold accountable individuals who are negligent or
violate safety regulations.
Takeaways Acquired
For those in the same industry, the maritime authorities, operators, and regulators
involved in the MV Dona Marilyn catastrophe offer insightful insights. They highlight
the significance of constantly raising safety standards, maintaining and updating
ships, providing crew training, and having emergency response procedures in
place to save the lives of passengers and crew members while they are at sea.
In general, the MV Dona Marilyn accident highlights the related issues of ocean
security, such as regulatory compliance, readiness against weather conditions,
disaster management, accountability, and efforts aimed at constant improvement to
avoid more victims.

47
RECCOMENDATIONS
In light of the MV Dona Marilyn event study, the following suggestions may be
made to improve marine safety and lessen the likelihood of future disasters of a
similar nature:
Better Decision-Making and Weather Monitoring
Improve the possibilities of surveillance and predictions in relation to weather
conditions, especially in areas prone to tropical storms and typhoons. Develop
efficient systems for weather-based risk assessment as well as rational
determinations about navigation schedules, route choices, potential delays, or flight
cancellations during adverse weather conditions.
Improved Ship Maintenance and Readiness
Ensure the safety of ships by introducing more regulations and proper oversight
systems. Inspections, maintenance, and verification should be done periodically,
and funding should be provided to establish programs for fleet modernization, such
as retrofitting older vessels and investing in state-of-the-art technology.
Strict Compliance with Safety Guidelines
To ensure adherence to the already existing safety regulations and industry
requirements for marine activities, these include ships' stability, life-saving
appliances, emergency preparedness, and crew training standards. They may also

48
entail efforts geared towards increasing accountability and establishing deterrents
against non-compliance, such as enforcement mechanisms.
Coordination and Communication That Works
Efforts should be made to enhance communication and coordination between
vessel operators, maritime authorities, meteorological agencies, and search and
rescue organizations. Develop more efficient procedures for the transmission of
weather reports, emergency alerts, as well as operational updates to facilitate
appropriate decision-making in time when facing marine emergencies.
Investing in Human Resources and Training
Improve and strengthen training programs in emergency response procedures,
crisis management, and decision-making in high-pressure situations by placing top
priority on competency building for maritime personnel, particularly the crew
members, officers, and shore-based staff. Develop the safety culture within the
maritime sector to reduce human error and enhance the overall performance of
safety.
Constant Observation and Assessment
Develop arrangements for regular surveillance, monitoring, and audit of maritime
safety enforcement practices as well as data on accidents to unveil new risk factors,
trends, and scope of improvements. Study complex, multi-causal investigations and
the post-incident analysis techniques to establish what they reveal in terms of deep
causes, systemic problems, and useful lessons for the development of policy,

49
regulatory reforms, and industry best practices.
Global Collaboration & Cooperation
Collaboration is essential in any joint effort such as this, and it involves all those
interested or involved in the maritime sector within a country, regionally, or globally
to address common challenges, share best practices, and promote standardization
of rules and regulations. We should participate in capacity-building programs like
technical assistance programs as well as combined military exercises to enhance
the effectiveness of maritime safety and security along borders.
Improved Responsiveness to Emergencies
Invest in the evolution of strong and efficient emergency response capabilities,
such as constructing maritime search and rescue bases, pre-placing emergency
equipment at critical positions, and training staff on advanced rescue methods and
medical aid. Encourage harmonious action between various institutions engaged in
addressing a maritime situation to guarantee timely and effective aid to ships in
distress.
Making Use of Innovation and Technology
To enhance safety and efficiency at sea, consider the use of cutting-edge
technologies such as satellite-based navigation systems, real-time weather
monitoring instruments, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and autonomous
vessels to foster a high level of situational awareness and accurate route planning,
in addition to providing immediate early warning. Invest in research and

50
development projects that will result in advanced solutions to increase the stability
of vessels, make them more weather-resistant, and improve safety performance.
Public Awareness and Community Involvement
In order to increase community involvement and raise public awareness of maritime
issues, an integrated program that equips key stakeholders—such as coastal
residents, travelers, and anyone involved in marine activity—with the knowledge
and abilities to respond appropriately in the event of a maritime emergency should
be developed. Engage in a range of educational initiatives, outreach programs, and
simulation exercises to improve comprehension and consciousness of emergency
preparedness, maritime safety protocols, and the need of reporting risks and
accidents at sea.
Protection of the Environment and Sustainable Development
It is important to explore how marine laws, rules, and practices incorporate
environmental protection and sustainable development concepts. Additionally, it
would be beneficial if steps were taken to reduce emissions, prevent marine
pollution, and preserve marine biodiversity in order to lessen the negative effects of
shipping operations on the ecosystem. Encourage the use of ecosystem-based
strategies, efficient coastal zone management, and sustainable fishing methods to
preserve the long-term resilience and health of the marine environment.
Provide training courses in ship handling, navigation, emergency protocols, and
crisis management for members of the maritime crew. These programs must be
founded on ideas that are proven to provide crew members the abilities, know-how,

51
and skills they need to carry out their duties in a variety of operational
environments. Make sure to employ simulation-based training facilities so that crew
members may practice emergency response methods in a hands-on environment
and realistic scenarios can be produced. By exposing them to challenging
scenarios such as inclement weather, engine malfunctions, or collisions, simulators
may help the crew develop crucial decision-making abilities and a sense of
collaboration. Provide specialized instruction to seafarers regarding what to do in
the event of typical maritime crises, such as medical emergencies, firefighting, man
overboard, and ship abandonment.
Working together towards promoting the resilience, preparedness, and safety
culture within the maritime sector will be possible through implementing these
recommendations, thereby decreasing chances of any more such events in the
future.

52

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SOUTHWESTERN COLLEGE OF MARITIME, BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY INC.

Background of the Study

was again renamed as Doña Marilyn.

The vessel's striking design emanated an image of bustling activity, drawing

to accommodate hundreds of passengers and staff members on each voyage.

could relax and unwind throughout their trip.

SINGLING PF MV DONA MARILYN ACCIDENT DUE TO TYPHOON UNSANG 1988

Tacloban City, despite the approaching danger of Typhoon Unsang. Unfortunately,

passengers and crew members, leaving a trail of devastation and sorrow.

was functioning under questionable conditions

marine transportation to prioritize safety and regulatory compliance in maritime

transportation particularly in adverse weather conditions.

SINGLING PF MV DONA MARILYN ACCIDENT DUE TO TYPHOON UNSANG 1988

Figure 1. MV Doña Marilyn

Figure 2. Wrecked MV Doña Marilyn

SINGLING PF MV DONA MARILYN ACCIDENT DUE TO TYPHOON UNSANG 1988

DETAILS OF MV DOÑA MARILYN

Name MV Doña Marilyn

Owner Suplicio Lines Inc.

Operator Suplicio Lines Inc.

Type Cargo/Passenger Ship

Height 97.6 m (320 ft 2.52 in)

Length 13.7 m (44 ft 11.37 in)

Beam 8.1 m (26 ft 6.89 in)

Tonnage 2855 GRT

Propulsion motor vessel

Speed 19.5 knots (36.11 kph)

Table 1. Ship’s Particular

SINGLING PF MV DONA MARILYN ACCIDENT DUE TO TYPHOON UNSANG 1988

– a Philippine passenger ferry operated by Sulpicio Lines, a prominent shipping

routes between various islands in the Philippines, providing transportation for

passengers and cargo, it was a relatively large ferry, capable of accommodating a

significant number of passengers and vehicles. It played a crucial role in facilitating

on the Island of Leyte's eastern coast.

SINGLING PF MV DONA MARILYN ACCIDENT DUE TO TYPHOON UNSANG 1988

Typhoon Unsang they immediately sent a message on the coastal station of

known as Manoc-Manoc Island, near Masbate. According to military officials, this

ship to capsize around 2 pm.

Figure 3: TYPHOON UNSANG MAP PLOTTING THE STORM'S TRACK AND

INTENSITY, ACCORDING TO THE SAFFIR–SIMPSON SCALE

Along the way, Typhoon Unsang—locally known as Typhoon Ruby in the

SINGLING PF MV DONA MARILYN ACCIDENT DUE TO TYPHOON UNSANG 1988

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration,

Manila to Tacloban City in defiance of all of PAGASA's warnings. This choice

ultimately resulted in the terrible and tragic sinking of the ferry.

Figure 4: TYPHOON UNSANG AT PEAK INTENSITY ON OCTOBER 24, 1988

SINGLING PF MV DONA MARILYN ACCIDENT DUE TO TYPHOON UNSANG 1988

educating passengers on what to do in an emergency. The MV Dona Marilyn's

passengers safety briefings during which they explained emergency protocols,

of these measures, underscoring the difficulties and dangers of traveling in severe

weather, particularly in the context of tropical cyclones like Typhoon Unsang.

SINGLING PF MV DONA MARILYN ACCIDENT DUE TO TYPHOON UNSANG 1988

Figure 5: MV DONA MARILYN SHIP PHOTO

scuttle their journey.

SINGLING PF MV DONA MARILYN ACCIDENT DUE TO TYPHOON UNSANG 1988

In a terrifying finale, Typhoon Unsang's overpowering might claimed the MV Dona

their shouts and pleas resounded across the water.

the catastrophe. In a desperate attempt to save as many survivors as possible,