UNIT 1: WE LOVE FOOD

:
I. PART 1: READING 1

Before you read

Previewing the topic

1. What unhealthy food do you love?
2. Do you eat a healthy diet? Why or why not?
3. What do you usually have for lunch?

Vocabulary

Match the words below to their definitions.

1. recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ (v) a. to find someone or something that was lost
trace /treɪs/ (v) to suggest that someone or something would be
2. b.
good or suitable for a particular job or purpose
3. diabetes /ˌdaɪ.əˈbiː.tiːz/ (n) c. someone who has done something wrong
culprit /ˈkʌl.prɪt/ (n) a disease in which the body cannot control the
4. d.
level of sugar in the blood
survive /səˈvaɪv/ (v) to continue to live or exist despite a dangerous
5. e.
event or time
manufacturer /ˌmænju to make something known generally or in public,
6. f.
ˈfæktʃərə(r)/ (n) especially in order to sell it
advertise /ˈæd.və.taɪz/ (v) a person or company that produces goods in large
7. g.
quantities
facility /fəˈsɪl.ə.ti/ (n) a place, especially including buildings, where a
8. h.
particular activity happens

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 Read

Why do we love sugar so much?

Many scientists believe our love of sugar
may actually be an addiction. When we eat
or drink sugary foods, the sugar enters our
blood and affects parts of our brain that
make us feel good. Then the good feeling
goes away, leaving us wanting more. All
tasty foods do this, but sugar has a
particularly strong effect. In this way, it is
in fact an addictive drug, one that doctors
recommend we all cut down on.
“It seems like every time I study an illness and trace a path to the first cause, I find my
way back to sugar,” says scientist Richard Johnson. One-third of adults worldwide have
high blood pressure, and up to 347 million have diabetes. Why? “Sugar, we believe, is
one of the culprits, if not the major culprit,” says Johnson.
Our bodies are designed to survive on very little sugar. Early humans often had very
little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat. In this way,
we had energy stored for when there was no food. But today, most people have more
than enough. So the very thing that once saved us may now be killing us.
So what is the solution? It’s obvious that we need to eat less sugar. The trouble is, in
today’s world, it’s extremely difficult to avoid. From breakfast cereals to after-dinner
desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it. Some manufacturers even use sugar
to replace taste in foods that are advertised as low in fat.
But there are those who are fighting back against sugar. Many schools are replacing
sugary desserts with healthier options like fruit. Other schools are growing their own
food in gardens, or building facilities like walking tracks so students and others in the
community can exercise. The battle has not yet been lost.

After you read

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 Discuss with a partner. Do you think manufacturers have a
responsibility to reduce the amount of sugar in the products
they sell? Why or why not?

Strategy

Skimming for the Main Idea of Paragraphs

When you read a text, it’s important to be able to recognize the

main idea of each paragraph. Look at the headings (if there are
any) and skim each paragraph to determine the key idea the
author is making. When you skim, you don’t read every word.
Instead, read the first sentence and then run your eyes quickly
over the rest, focusing on key words.
Make sure you are finding the main idea of the whole
paragraph. Other sentences may express an idea, but it may not
be the main idea.

A. Task 1. Multiple choice. Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is this passage mainly about?

Gist
a. our addiction to sugar
b. illnesses caused by sugar
c. good sugar vs. bad sugar
d. ways to avoid sugar

2. The word culprit is closest in meaning to ______.

Vocabulary
a. disease
b. unknown thing
c. sweet food
d. cause of the problem

3. What does the phrase the very thing refer to?

Reference
a. the amount of sugar in our food

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 b. having enough food to survive
c. our ability to store sugar as fat
d. early humans’ lack of food

4. What would be a good title for the fourth

Main idea
paragraph?
a. Too Much Sugar
b. How to Avoid Sugar
c. A Solution: Low in Fat
d. No Easy Answers

5. According to the passage, why is it so hard to avoid

Detail
sugar?
a. We like candy too much.
b. It gives us needed energy.
c. It’s in so many foods and drinks.
d. We get used to eating it at school.

6. Which of the following statements about sugar is

Detail
NOT true?
a. Sugar makes us feel good.
b. Our bodies store sugar as fat.
c. We need very little sugar to survive.
d. Only adults need to stop eating sugar.

7. The following sentence would best be placed at the

Cohesion
end of which paragraph? This may make the food
appear as healthier, but large amounts of sugar are
often added.
a. paragraph 1
b. paragraph 2
c. paragraph 3
d. paragraph 4

B. Task 2. Determining Main Ideas. Look back at the passage, choose the main idea
of each paragraph.

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 1. Paragraph 1
a. Sugar is addictive.
b. All tasty foods contain sugar.
2. Paragraph 2
a. Sugar can cause illnesses.
b. The number of people with diabetes and high blood pressure is
rising.
3. Paragraph 3
a. Sugar gives us energy when we don’t eat for a long time.
b. Our bodies need very little sugar to survive, but we now eat too
much of it.
4. Paragraph 4
a. Advertisers are being dishonest.
b. It is very difficult to avoid sugar these days.
5. Paragraph 5
a. Some schools now grow their own food.
b. Some are fighting back against sugar

C. Task 3. Completion. Complete the information below with the correct form of
words in the box. Two words are extra.

addiction battle drug recommend store

The story of sugar began in New Guinea about 10,000 years ago. People
there picked sugarcane and ate it raw. Because it made people feel good,
they saw it as a(n) 1. _________ that could cure illnesses. Doctors in
India 2. _________ that people eat it to stop headaches. But soon people
began to eat it for fun. Demand for sugar rose, as more people became
3. ________ to the sweet taste. By 1900, it was recorded that the average
British person ate 45 kilograms (100 pounds) of sugar each year.

D. Task 4. Words in Context. Complete each sentence with the correct answer.
1. When a company advertises something, they want you to _______ it.

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 a. return b. buy
2. Someone who is efficient at a task does the task without ________.
a. spending a lot of money b. wasting time or energy
3. Two groups that have a battle are likely to be ________ each other.
a. friendly with b. angry at
4. The facilities of a school include the _________.
a. classrooms b. teachers
5. If something is obvious, it is easy to ________.
a. find a mistake with it b. see or understand
6. When you store something, you _______.
a. keep it b. throw it away
7. When you cut down on sugar, you eat _______ of it.
a. less b. more

II. PART 2: READING 2

Before you read

Previewing the topic

1. Do you like food from other countries? If yes, which do you like the most?
2. How many calories do most people need every day?
3. What are some foods that you know are healthy for your body?

Vocabulary

Match the words below to their definitions.

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1. famine /ˈfæm.ɪn/ (n) a. to start to use something again
2. scale /skeɪl/ (n) the history, traditions, buildings and objects
that a country or society has had for many
b.
years and that are considered an important part
of its character
3. quality /ˈkwɒləti/ (n) one of the seven large land masses on the
earth's surface, surrounded, or mainly
c.
surrounded, by sea and usually consisting of
various countries
4. extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ (adj) the small hard part produced by a plant, from
d.
which a new plant can grow
5. seed /siːd/ (n) a type of plant, animal, etc. no longer in
e.
existence
6. continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ (n) the standard of something when it is compared
f. to other things like it; how good or bad
something is
7. heritage /ˈher.ɪ.tɪdʒ/ (n) the size or extent of something, especially
g.
when compared with something else
8. reintroduce /ˌriːɪntrəˈdjuːs/ a lack of food during a long period of time in a
h.
(v) region

Food for the Future

In 1845, a deadly disease struck the farms of
Ireland, killing all the Lumper potato plants.
In another place or time, the death of a single
crop species might not have been so
important. But in Ireland, in 1845, people
depended almost solely on the potato for food.
The death of one species caused a terrible
famine. Now, some scientists are worried that
such a famine could happen again—but on a
much wider scale.
Over the centuries, farmers have discovered thousands of different species of food
crops. Each species has special qualities. Some can be grown in very hot or cold
climates. Others are not affected by certain diseases. However, you won’t find many of
these species in your local supermarket. To feed the seven billion people on Earth,

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most farmers today are growing only species of plants and farming only species of
animals that are easy to produce in large numbers. Meanwhile, thousands of other
species are becoming extinct.
For example, in the Philippines, there were once thousands of varieties of rice; now
fewer than 100 are grown there. In China, 90 percent of the wheat varieties grown just
a century ago have disappeared. Experts believe that over the past century, we have
allowed more than half of the world’s food varieties to disappear.
Saving the Seeds
One solution to this problem is to collect and preserve the seeds of as many different
plant varieties as we can before they disappear. The idea was first suggested by
Russian scientist Nikolay Vavilov. In the 1920s and ’30s, he collected around 400,000
seeds from five continents. More recently, others are continuing the work he began.
In the U.S. state of Iowa, Diane Ott Whealy wanted to preserve historic plant varieties,
like the seeds her great-grandfather brought to the U.S. from Germany more than a
hundred years ago. She and her husband started a place called Heritage Farm, where
people can store and trade seeds.
More importantly, the people at Heritage Farm don’t just store the seeds; they plant
them. By doing this, they are reintroducing foods into the marketplace that haven’t
been grown for years. These food species are not just special in terms of appearance or
flavor. They also offer farmers food solutions for the future, from the past.

Discuss with a partner. Do you think saving the world’s

varieties of foods is as important as saving animal
species
After from
you readextinction? Why or why not?

Strategy

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 Identifying the Purpose of Paragraphs

Different paragraphs may perform different functions.

Identifying their purpose can help you better
understand the organization of a text. Some paragraphs
may have more than one function. Common purposes
include:
• to introduce a topic
• to offer another side of an issue
• to present a conclusion
• to describe a situation or problem
• to present an argument
• to report data as figures or statistics
• to summarize the key ideas
• to provide background information
• to offer or describe a solution
• to provide examples or explanations

A. Task 1. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is this passage mainly about?
Gist
a. how food species disappear
b. the need to preserve different food species
c. what the food we eat will look like someday
d. ways to increase the number of food species
2. What caused many people to die in Ireland in 1845?
Cause and effect
a. The potatoes that people planted didn’t grow.
b. People ate potatoes that were harmful to humans.
c. A disease killed their potato crop, so they had no food.
d. A deadly disease spread from the potato crop to humans.

3. What does the word others refer to?

Reference
a. farmers
b. different climates
c. distinct qualities
d. species of food crops
4. Which sentence is closest in meaning to you won’t find
Paraphrase
many of these species in your local supermarket ?

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 a. Many of these species are too expensive.
b. Many of these species are not available to us.
c. Many of these species look like other species.
d. Many of these species are only found in big cities.
5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Detail
a. Most farmers grow species that are easy to produce in
small numbers.
b. Thousands of species of plants and animals have
become extinct.
c. Fewer than 100 varieties of rice are grown in the
Philippines.
d. Half of the world’s food varieties have disappeared in
the past 100 years.
6. People have been preserving seeds to save crop species
Detail
and varieties from extinction ______.
a. for thousands of years
b. about 100 years
c. since 1845
d. for only ten years
7. Which statement would Diane Ott Whealy probably
Inference
agree with?
a. The work started by Nikolay Vavilov was not important.
b. American seeds are better than German seeds.
c. It’s important to store seeds, but you must also plant
them.
d. Foods grown from older seeds are cheaper, but taste
bad.

B. Task 2. Look back at the passage, choose the purpose of each paragraph.
1. Paragraph 1
a. to provide some historical background
b. to summarize the key ideas
2. Paragraph 2
a. to offer another side of the issue
b. to describe a situation or problem

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 3. Paragraph 3
a. to summarize some key ideas
b. to report data as supporting evidence
4. Paragraph 4
a. to offer another side of an issue
b. to offer or describe a solution
5. Paragraph 5
a. to present an argument
b. to provide an additional example
6. Paragraph 6
a. to report data as figures or statistics
b. to present a concluding idea

C. Task 3. Completion. Circle the correct words to complete the information below.

Today, there are about 1,400 seed banks around the world. These keep
seed 1. (varieties / flavors) from all 2. (marketplaces / continents) safe in
the event of a large 3. (-scale / -historic) global crisis, such as a famine.
One of the largest seed banks lies inside a mountain on Norway’s island of
Spitsbergen, just 1,300 kilometers from the North Pole. This is a backup
for all the world’s other seed banks.
In 1996, director Cary Fowler commented that the seed bank’s opening
“marks a(n) 4. (solely / historic) turning point in safeguarding the world’s
5. (crop / flavor) diversity.” Billions of seeds are now kept there. They are
stored in a permanently chilled, earthquake-free zone 120 meters above
sea level. This should allow the seeds to remain high and dry, even if the
polar ice caps melt.

D. Task 4. Definitions. Match each word in bold with its definition.

1. ____ crop a. only

2. ____ scale b. how something tastes
3. ____ seed c. to put forward an idea
4. ____ solely d. important to the past
5. ____ flavor

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 e. a range of different types
6. ____ variety f. a place of buying and selling
7. ____ suggest g. the size or extent of something
8. ____ historic h. part of a plant from which a new plant grows
9. ____ continent i. land consisting of countries (e.g., Asia)
10. ____ marketplace
j. a plant grown in large amounts, like wheat

Part III. FOCUS ON TESTING

Part 1

Read the texts, notices or descriptions. Choose the correct answer A, B, or C for the
correct explanation.
Nguồn: KET - A2 Key for school Trainer 2020 ( Test 1,2,3)

A. There is no football class today.

B. Mr Hall can’t come to the football class
1.
tomorrow.
C. You can choose to go to the football
class today or tomorrow.

A. Louise is offering to lend Jane a book.

2. B. Louise wants her book back from Jane.
C. Louise’s brother has borrowed a book
from Jane.

A. You can buy food somewhere else in the

park.
B. Please don’t eat while you are playing
3.
sport here.
C. This is a place for eating and you can’t
play football here.

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 A. Adults can take children to the museum
in the morning.
B. Adults with children over 12 will enjoy
4.
the museum.
C. Children can visit the museum if they
are with an adult.
Why has Mrs Monmouth written this
message?
A. to ask pupils to walk to school
5. B. to tell pupils to get to school on time
C. to explain about a health problem at
school

A. Pedro’s Pizza Bar isn’t open at

weekends.
6. B. The third time you visit, you get a free
pizza.
C. Three pizzas cost the same as two.

Amanda wants her grandmother to __

A. let her have a picture.
B. lend her some clothes.
7.
C. describe her old uniform.

Where might you see this text?

A. in a computer shop
8. B. on the screen of a computer
C. on the wall in the computer classroom

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 What time do pupils need to get to
school tomorrow?
A. about 8:30
9.
B. by 8:40
C. at 8:50

A. Get the lift if you are in a hurry.

B. Use the stairs if the lift is broken.
10.
C. Walking up and down stairs is better for
you.

A. You can watch up to four films for free.

B. The fifth film you see during the
11. daytime is free.
C. Cheap tickets are available for groups of
four in the evenings.

Pupils can__
A. buy books.
12.
B. read about explorers.
C. come and listen to a writer.

Part 2

Read the text and choose the correct answer for each question.
Nguồn: Practice_tests_plus_a2_with_key – TEST 1,2,3
Chris Emily Daniel
1. Who always visits museums when they travel? A B C
2. Who says it is important to visit the same museum A B C

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 several times?
Who likes museums where the exhibitions often
3. A B C
change?
4. Who says that museums should have friendly staff? A B C
Who says that they sometimes only look at a few things
5. A B C
in a room?
6. Who learns more in a museum than in a classroom? A B C
Who prefers going around a museum with a guide to
7. A B C
going alone?

How important are museums to you?

We asked three young people this question and this is what they told us.
Chris
A lot of my friends think museums are boring but I love them. I prefer ones where they
move things round regularly, and bring in new things to keep it interesting. I also like
to have things to listen to as well as look at. I suppose I like museums because I’m
really interested in history and art. We study these subjects at college, but I’ve actually
found out a lot more about them from museums than from my textbooks.
Emily
I’m lucky because I live in New York, so there are lots of great museums for me to
visit. One thing I’ve learnt is that you should never try to see a whole museum the first
time you go. Just go to one or two rooms, and then return as often as you can to see the
rest. For me, it’s important that the people who work in the museum are pleasant, and
happy to talk to me about the things in the exhibition. That makes a big difference.
Daniel
I don’t go to museums much, except during my holidays in new cities. Then I make
sure I spend at least a day going to the most famous ones. If it’s a big museum and I
don’t have much time, I sometimes walk into a room and choose just five things to
look at. I also take a tour if there is one, as I learn so much more from listening to the
person showing us round than I do if I’m by myself.

Part 3
Read the text and choose the correct answer for each question.
Activ You
Dance!
e Art and Me

Page 15
1. Which show is on twice a week? A B C
2. Which show is about a group of friends? A B C
3. Which show teaches you how to do something? A B C
4. Which show is a comedy? A B C
Which show is about someone who wants to
5. A B C
change her life?
6. Which show has a well-known star? A B C
7. Which show is good for people of all ages? A B C

A. Active Art
Active Art is a new show for 12-15-year-olds. Each week, the world-famous artist Tony
Moldino shows viewers how to make an amazing work of art. He’s great in front of the
camera and surprisingly funny. Last week’s show was all about painting faces. This
week, it’s drawing with pencil and next week, it’s digital photography. You can see
Active Art every Tuesday and Thursday at 5.00 p.m.
B. Dance!
Dance! is a new drama for teenagers, about the lives of teachers and students at a dance
school in New York. The most important person in the story is Tina Giles, a young girl
from a poor part of town who dreams of becoming a big star. On her first day at the
school she meets Joe, Heather and John. They become close and together they have
many exciting adventures. Dance! is on every Monday night at 7.00.
C. You and Me
The new series of You and Me returns this Saturday at 6.00 p.m. with a special show
that’s twice as long as usual. This show is perfect for the whole family to watch
together, as everyone will find something to laugh at. Each week, we get a different
story about the life of Harriet, a high school student. In this week’s episode, her
younger brother gets a part in the school play. Harriet wants to be in the play too and
does everything she can think of to make this happen!

Part 4

Read the text and choose the correct answer for each question.
Kamil Mia Liam
1. Who says their favourite computer game was a gift? A B C
2. Who often plays computer games with other people? A B C
3. Who has seen a new computer game they would like to A B C

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 buy?
4. Who prefers playing computer games to doing sport? A B C
Who has got better at playing their favourite computer
5. A B C
game?
6. Who is not allowed to play computer games every day? A B C
7. Who prefers computer games that teach something? A B C

Computer games
Three teenagers talk about playing computer games.
Kamil
I spend about five hours a week playing computer games. My parents don’t mind
because they know it’s less time than some teenagers spend on the computer. I’ve got
all kinds of games, but the ones I like most are those where you learn things. I’ve got a
brilliant game called ‘History Ship’. It shows you what life was like on sailing ships
hundreds of years ago and it’s fun to play. There’s another interesting game I’d like to
get called ‘Space Journey’. It’s quite expensive, but I think I’ll have enough money for
it soon.
Mia
Both of my brothers love being outdoors playing football, but the hobby I enjoy most is
playing computer games. My parents are OK with that because they think you can
learn a lot from playing games. The only thing they say is that I can’t play games on
the evenings I have homework. I’ve got a variety of games, but my favourite is called
‘Forestworld’. A friend said it was an amazing game, so I was really pleased when I
got it as a present for my birthday.
Liam
I’ve enjoyed playing computer games for as long as I can remember. I have lots of
different games, but the one I like most is called ‘Sea Adventure’. It’s a really great
game. I wasn’t very good at it at first, but I’ve improved and can complete the different
levels really quickly now. Several of my friends like computer games too, so they
come round to my house at the weekend and we play together. It’s great fun!
Part IV. Further reading

Read the text and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for
reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to
reflect rather than absorb the Sun's rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal

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mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to
keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the
expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to
what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius
have been measured in Grant's gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during
the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature
may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an
advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up
the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.
Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a
point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent
of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after
losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is
the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious
volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a
few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water
to rehydrate at one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and
because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication.
The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not
have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung
pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when
extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even
under conditions of moderate thirst.
Question 1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Weather variations in the desert B. Adaptations of desert animals
C. Diseased of desert animals D. Human use of desert animals
Question 2. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large
desert animals?
A. It helps them hide from predators.
B. It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.
C. It helps them see their young at night.
D. It keeps them cool at night.
Question 3. The word "maintaining" is closest in meaning to _______.
A. measuring B. inheriting C. preserving D. delaying
Question 4. The author uses of Grant's gazelle as an example of_______.
A. an animal with a low average temperature

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 B. an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel
C. a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures
D. a desert animal with a constant body temperature
Question 5. When is the internal temperature of a large desert mammal lower?
A. Just before sunrise
B. In the middle of the day
C. Just after sunset
D. Just after drinking
Question 6. The word "tolerate" is closest in meaning to_______.
A. endure B. replace C. compensate D. reduce
Question 7. What causes water intoxication?
A. Drinking too much water very quickly B. Drinking polluted water
C. Bacteria in water D. Lack of water
Question 8. Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?
A. To show how they use camels
B. To contrast them to desert mammals
C. To give instructions about desert survival
D. To show how they have adapted to desert life
Question 9. The word “obtain” is closest in meaning to _______.
A. digest B. carry C. save D. get
Question 10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of large
desert animals?
A. Variation in body temperatures B. Eating while dehydrated
C. Drinking water quickly D. Being active at night

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