web design and development

SAFRAS FAIZER
[BATCH - 083] [COL/E- 006681]
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Higher National Diploma in Computing & Systems Development / Business Management

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Name SAFRAS FAIZER Name of Group Members (If
ESOFT Reg. No COL/E- 006681 Applicable)
Edexcel No
Module Name Web Design and Development
Name of the Lecturer Mr. Haritha.
Date Due .08.2019
Date Submitted .08.2019
Fine
Email-Address safrasfaizer15@gmail.com
Contact No 0763640140
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.08.2019
_________________ ____________________
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Higher National Diploma in Computing & Systems Development / Business Management

Assignment Submission Form
Name SAFRAS FAIZER
Student Reg. No COL/E- 006681
Edexcel No
Module Name Web Design and Development
Name of the Lecturer Mr. Haritha.
Date Due .08.2019
Date Submitted .08.2019
Fine
Email-Address safrasfaizer15@gmail.com
Contact No 0763640140
Check List () CD Assignment Brief Formatting Sheet Harvard Referencing

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.08.2019
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Programme title BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assessor Mr. Haritha. Internal Verifier

Unit 10: Web Design and Development
Unit(s)
Online Library Management System
Assignment title
Student’s name SAFRAS FAIZER
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criteria the Assessor has
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Higher Nationals - Summative Assignment Feedback Form
Student Name/ID SAFRAS FAIZER | Reg.No: COL/E - 006681

Unit Title Unit 10: Website Design & Development

Assignment Number 1 Assessor Mr. Haritha.
.08.2019 Date Received 1st
Submission Date
submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:

LO1. Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites.

Pass, Merit & Distinction P1 P2 M1 M2 D1

Descripts
LO2. Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites.

Pass, Merit & Distinction P3 P4 M3 D1

Descripts

LO3. Utilise website technologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to create a multipage
website.
Pass, Merit & Distinction P5 P6 M4 D2
Descripts

LO4. Create and use a Test Plan to review the performance and design of a multipage website.
Pass, Merit & Distinction P7 M5 D3
Descripts

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place and grades decisions have
been agreed at the assessment board.
Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit 10: Web Design and Development
Assignment 01
General Guidelines
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Student Declaration

I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present it as my own
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Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number SAFRAS FAIZER | Reg.No: COL/E - 006681

Unit Number and Title Unit 10- Web Design and Development

Academic Year 2017/2018

Unit Tutor Mr. Haritha.

Assignment Title Online Library Management System

Issue Date

Submission Date .08.2019

IV Name & Date

Submission Format:

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing
websites.
LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites.
LO3 Utilise website technologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to create a multipage
website.
LO4 Create and use a Test Plan to review the performance and design of a multipage website.
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
Assignment Brief

Borrowing books, returning books or viewing the available books at the Library of the Lowa State
University is currently done manually.
Online Library Management System supports to overcome the above-mentioned problems. This system
would be used by members who may be students or professors of that University to check the availability
of the books and borrow the books., The librarian can update the member details and the book lending
details.
Online Library Management System will include the following information.
 The librarian, students and the professors can register and login to the system
 Any of the above users can update their profile details including the password
 The authorized users can reserve a book for 24hours
 The authorized users can check book availability
 The librarian can check the member status and update the lending details (If the book is for the
lending)
 The system allows the Librarian to create the books catalog, add/delete books and maintain the
books catalog.
 The librarian can update the book return details
 The librarian can calculate the fine for the late returns if necessary
 The users can search the books according to the categories (Novels, Frictions, etc.)

Task 1 - Server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites
(LO1)

1.1 Differentiate the communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server
software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website.
1.2 Define the types of DNS and the uses of it, with clarifications on how domain names are structured.
1.3 Analyze the effect of search engines on website performance. Provide evidence-based support for
improving a site’s index value and rank through search engine optimization.
1.4 Identify and explain the common web development technologies and frameworks. Explain the tools
and techniques chosen to the web application and hence justify, by giving reasons, why a web
application is suitable for the given scenario.
Task 2 - Categories website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites (LO2)

2.1 Define the relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how the
front-end and the back-end relate to presentation and application layers.
2.2 Critically compare the different between online website creation tools and custom-built sites.
Consider Followings: design flexibility, performance, functionality, User Experience (UX) and
User Interface (UI).
2.3 Compare and contrast the tools and techniques available to design and develop a custom-built web
Applications.

Task 3 - Utilize website technologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to create a
multipage website (LO3)

3.1 Design a suitable web application solution for the given scenario. Provide evidences of the design,
multipage website supported with fidelity wireframes and a full set of client and user requirements.
Use your design document with appropriate principles, standards and guidelines to produce a branded,
multipage website supported with realistic content.
Note - Synthesize client and the server-side functionalities in the proposed design

3.2 Implement the designed system using PHP, JS and MySQL. Screenshots of important code lines with
proper comments and user interfaces filled with sample data must be attached to the
documentation. Apply a database design for the proposed system and provide the well normalized
database design of the proposed system.

3.3 Critically evaluate the web design and development process against your design document and
analyse any technical challenges you faced in development.
Task 4 - Create and use a Test Plan to review the performance and design of a multipage website
(LO4)

4.1 Evaluate the Quality Assurance (QA) process and review how it was implemented during your
design and development stages.
QA process is expected to discover design issues and development errors while testing a
product’s user interface (UI) and gauging the user experience (UX).
4.2 Critically evaluate the results of your Test Plan and include a review of the overall success of your
multipage website; use this evaluation to explain any areas of success and provide justified
recommendations for areas that require improvement.
4.3 Prepare a user documentation to properly guide the users of the implemented system.
Note: User documentation should be simple and understandable by anyone. Use screenshots and
provide stepwise guidance.
 Grading Rubric
Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated

with hosting and managing websites

P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on

how domain names are organized and managed.
P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication
protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server
software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a
website.
M1 Evaluate the impact of common web development technologies
and frameworks with regards to website design, functionality and
management.
M2 Review the influence of search engines on website performance
and provide evidence-based support for improving a
site’s index value and rank through search engine optimization.
D1 Justify the tools and techniques chosen to realize a custom built
website.

LO2 Categories website technologies, tools and

software used to develop websites

P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and

back-end website technologies and explain how these relate to
presentation and application layers.
P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and
custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance,
functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI).
 M3 Evaluate a range of tools and techniques available to design and
develop a custom built website.
LO3 Utilize website technologies, tools and techniques
with good design principles to create a multipage
website

P5 Create a design document for a branded, multipage website

supported with medium fidelity wireframes and a full set of client
and user
requirements.
P6 Use your design document with appropriate principles, standards
and guidelines to produce a branded, multipage website supported
with realistic content.
M4 Compare and contrast the multipage website created to the
design
document.
D2 Critically evaluate the design and development process against
your
design document and analyse any technical challenges.
LO4 Create and use a Test Plan to review the
performance and design of a multipage website

P7 Create a suitable Test Plan identifying key performance areas and

use it to review the functionality and performance of your website.
M5 Evaluate the Quality Assurance (QA) process and review how it
was implemented during your design and development stages.
D3 Critically evaluate the results of your Test Plan and include a review
of
the overall success of your multipage website; use this evaluation to
explain any areas of success and provide justified recommendations
for
areas that require improvement.
 Observation Sheet

Activit Activity Learning Feedback

y Outcom (Pass/ Redo)
No e
1 Explain server technologies and LO1
management services associated with
Hosting and managing websites.

2 Categorize website technologies, tools LO2

and software used to develop Websites.

3 Utilize website technologies, tools and LO3

techniques with good design Principles to
create a multipage website.

4 Create and use a Test Plan to review the LO4

performance and design of a Multipage
website.

Comments:

Assessor Name :…………………………………………….

Date :…………………………………………….

Assessor Signature:…………………………………………….

SAFRAS FAIZER 14
Acknowledgment
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Mr. Haritha for his
guidance as well as for providing the necessary information required for the assignment
with kindness & patience and giving me the opportunity to do this. The completion of
this assignment would have been difficult without her help.

Secondly, I would also like to thank my colleagues who helped me a lot in finishing this
assignment within the limited time. This assignment would not have been completed
without their enormous help and worthy experience. Whenever I was in need, they were
there behind me.

I did this assignment with utmost care and deep routed interest. I did this assignment, not
only for marks, but to also increase my knowledge and academic skills. I accept a good
response from you. Once again, thanks to all those who helped me to do this assignment!

Thank you!
SAFRAS FAIZER.

SAFRAS FAIZER 15
SAFRAS FAIZER 16
Task 01
Task 01.1
Protocols
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTP protocol is how each website gets to your browser and whenever you type a
website like http://google.com this protocol requests the website from Google’s server.
Then it will receives a response with the HTML, CSS and JavaScript of the website.
Also, HTTP is the set of rules for transferring files like: Text, Sound, Video, Graphic
images and other multimedia files on the Web browser. The web user opens their web
applications, also the user is indirectly making use of HTTP. Also URLs that begin with
http:// are accessed over the standard hypertext transfer protocol and use port 80 by
default, but other ports can be used as well. These are three basic features of HTTP
protocol:

 HTTP is connectionless.
 HTTP is stateless.
 HTTP is media independent.
(www.webopedia.com, 2019)

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

File Transfer Protocol is an Internet Protocol for transmitting files between computers on
the Internet. The most general file transfer protocol in the TCP/IP suite is (File Transfer
Protocol) FTP, also it’s the most complex and difficult to program. FTP given a reliable
end-to-end transport protocol like TCP, file transfer might seem unimportant. Also FTP
uses a client-server architecture. FTP is used for:

 Publishing on the internet by uploading webpages to web servers.

 Downloading and browsing files from software sites.
 Transferring large files.
(www.techtarget.com, 2015)

SAFRAS FAIZER 17
DNS (Domain Name Service)
Domain Name Service is an Internet service that interprets domain names into IP
addresses. Because domain names are alphabetic, they’re simple to remember. However,
the internet is absolutely based on IP addresses. Every time you use a domain name
accordingly, a DNS service must translate the name into the relative IP address. For
example, the domain name is www.blabla.com might translate to 192.168.258.4. DNS
use port 53 by default. Features of DNS protocol:

 DNS protocols can use both protocols either UDP or TCP.

 Data is duplicated.
 Data is maintained locally, but recoverable globally.
(www.webopedia.com, 1999)

TELNET Protocol
The TCP/IP protocol suite includes a simple remote terminal protocol called TELNET
that allows a user to log into a computer across an internet. The host machine’s TCP port
23 provides in TELNET service. Also it used to connect to Switches, Servers, Passwords
and Routers are in clear text. Functionalities of the TELNET protocol:

 One of the earliest developed protocol is TELNET.

 It provides a reliable communication via TCP.
 It also provides access to the command prompt remotely.
 TCP uses TELNET to support communication.
(www.techopedia.com, 2019)

IP (Internet Protocol)
Internet protocol specifies the format of packets, also known as datagrams and the
addressing scheme. Most networks integrate IP with a higher-level protocol known as
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which accepts an effective connection between a
destination and a source. The main purpose and task of IP is that the delivery of
datagrams from the source host (source computer) to the destination host (receiving
computer) supported on their addresses. Features of IP protocols;

 Connectionless.
 Unreliable.
 Best effort.
(www.Webopedia.com, 1999)

SAFRAS FAIZER 18
Web Server
A Web Server is a program that runs a website by replacing HTML files over an HTTP
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) connection. The Web server contains the Hardware,
Operating System (OS), Web server software, TCP/IP protocols and website includes
(Web pages, images and other files). A better definition might be that a web server is any
internet server that responds to HTTP requests to deliver content and services.
(www.tutorialspoint.com, 2019)

Web Server Hardware

The important work of a web server is to process and respond to web client requests sent
using HTTP. Web server hardware is just like a database hardware server runs database
server software as the same like a web hardware server runs the web server software.
Web server hardware has larger and faster hard disk drives and fast processors.
(www.quora.com, 2017)

Types of Web Servers

Apache HTTP Server
Apache HTTP web server is the most popular web server in the world developed by the
software foundation. Apache web server was firstly established in 1995. Apache web
server is an open source software it can installed almost all the operating systems
contains Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Unix, FreeBSD and more. Compare to its earlier
versions Apache new versions can handle more possibility. Better than the other Web
servers Apache web server can install multiple platforms and solve executive issues
successfully.
(www.opensource.com, 2016)

SAFRAS FAIZER 19
Internet Information Services
The Internet Information Services (IIS) we server is a high performance web server from
Microsoft product. IIS web server has all the features like Apache web server. But it’s not
an open source like apache web server it is very complex to modifications. It works with
all the windows operating systems. Easy to administer the operating systems in the
Internet Information Service (IIS) web server. If there are any problems or issues in the
system they provides a good customer support.
(www.fastwebhost.in, 2017)

LIGHTTPD Web Server

The LIGHTTPD Web server is a free web server allocated with the FreeBSD operating
system and it’s a commercial web server. This web server is an open source software runs
very fast, it’s much secured and it’s contains much less CPU power. LIGHTTPD web
server also can run Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems.

SAFRAS FAIZER 20
Sun Java System Web Server
Sun Java System Web Server is a not an open source and it is a free server. This web
server developed by Sun Microsystems and it is used for medium and large websites. In
addition, it also can run Windows, Linux and UNIX operating systems. The Sun Java
System Web Server supports different types of scripts, languages and technologies.

Nginx Web Server

The Nginx web server is a free open source web server that includes IMAP/POP3 proxy
server and also, it is a generic TCP/UDP proxy server. The Nginx web server do not use
threads to handle requests pretty much more adaptable event-driven architecture which
uses expectable and small amounts of memory under load. Mostly, Nginx web server is
known for its low resource usage, security, simple configuration and its high
performances. The large number of web hosting companies using Nginx web server
because, they are being popular for many times for hosting about 7.5% of all the domains
in worldwide.
(www.tutorialspoint.com,
2019)

SAFRAS FAIZER 21
Task 01.2
DNS Service
DNS (Domain Name System) is the hierarchical system designed to translate human
readable information such as a domain name, website or other internet based resources
into the actual addressing protocols used by computers to navigate and locate information
on the internet. However, the internet is absolutely based on IP addresses. Every time you
use a domain name accordingly, a DNS service must translate the name into the relative
IP address. For example, it is easy to use human-understandable domain name is
www.blabla.com might translate to 192.168.258.4. What DNS does is provide a system
to track what IP address that name will resolve to, and answer back quickly and
authoritatively so a browser can get the website with no noticeable interruption.

(www.lifewire.com, 2019)

Types of Domain Name System (DNS);

TLD (Top Level Domain) - Top Level Domain (TLD) is the last part of the domain
name and also, it is the part that follows directly after the ‘dot (.)’ symbol in an internet
address. A Top Level Domain (TLD) is refers something about the website related with
it, such as the organization that owns it or the geographical area where it starts.

Examples of TLD;
 .com – Commercial businesses.
 .org – Organizations.
 .net – Network Organizations.
 .edu – Educational purposes.
 .mil – Military.
 .gov – Government agencies.
 .int – International.
(www.makeawebsitehub.com, No date)

SAFRAS FAIZER 22
Root Server
A Root server is responsible for fundamental important functions when, it comes to
translating domain names into IP addresses simplifies the internet use by acting as the
backbone of online access. Root server takes an important role when it comes to locating
the services’ address. Root Server is the required part of the Domain Name System
(DNS) and root server produce root zone file contents which are important for DNS
functionality to the Internet.
All over the world there are like 13 DNS root servers specified by letters and controlled
by some main organizations such as the U.S. Army Research Lab, Internet Systems
Consortium, ICANN, the University of Maryland and VeriSign.
(www.ionos.com, 2019)

Resolver
It also called as Domain Name System Resolver. Domain name resolvers are the names
given to the PCs while it is basically located in Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
Resolver commonly refers to checking (DNS) Domain Name System tool for resolve an
individual domain name into an IP address. Also, resolvers responsible for track the IP
addresses to the matching and correct hostnames.
Mainly, Domain Name System Resolver is responsible for checking the hostnames if
there is available in the local cache and although, if there is no hostnames available
Resolver should contacts a series of DNS Name servers. Finally, until it receives the IP of
the service which user was trying to reach and at the end it returns it to the application or
browser.

Name Server
The name server is a fundamental part of the Domain Name System. Domain Name
servers refers to handle instruction on a server that specialized internet regarding the
location of the domain name’s different services. Commonly name servers are the DNS
providers.
Although, the name server is a part of the Domain Name System (DNS) which simply
maintains a directory of domain names and translates them into IP addresses. In simple
words, if a user visits a domain, firstly DNS checks its name servers and evaluates the
DNS records for that domain correctly.
(www.ns1.com, 2019)

SAFRAS FAIZER 23
The process of viewing a website
Firstly client computer queries the local DNS resolver that where to go and the client will
wait patiently for the resolver to do all the heavy work. After the local DNS resolver
queries the root servers for the registrar responsible for the information and it will gets a
reply and goes on to the next step. In the step DNS resolver asks the registrar for the
names and addresses of the servers. The name server’s responsible is to knowing all the
details about the domain name.
Secondly, the DNS resolver now queries the name servers which are knows to be
authoritative because, it started form the root for the IP address of the server that hosts
the web site that you have clicked to view and receives it.
Finally, the local resolver sends that IP address back to the client’s computer, which can
looks up now on the Internet in a format that makes sense to it, rather than to us.

Web Page Address (URL)

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locater. URL refers to every page and resource on the
web has its own special address called a URL. For example, if you want to visit a website
you will go to the URL www.blabla.com. Although, an URL has four different types of

SAFRAS FAIZER 24
basic parts; Protocol, Domain name, Folder name and File name. All four basic parts has
a specific function for it.
(www.onlineclassnotes.com, 2015)

Task 01.3
Effects of search engines on website performance
Search Engine
A Search Engine is a software program that we used to search information via the World
Wide Web (WWW). The keywords which are user entering to the search engine that will
give a expect results like images, websites, videos or other online things. When a user
search for an information in search engine, the relevant results are based on search
engine’s algorithm. Nowadays, search engine algorithms are much more complex than
before and the relevant search results can be returned based on exactly hundreds of
variables. Today, there are thousands of different search engines available on the internet,
each with their own features and abilities. These are some common examples of Search
Engine;
 Google.
 Yahoo.
 Bing.
 Ask.com.
 AOL.
 Baidu.
 Internet Archive.
 DuckDuckGo.
 Wolfram alpha.
(www.techopedia.com, No date)

SAFRAS FAIZER 25
Crawling
Crawling is the process that used by search engine web crawlers to discover updated
content on the web, such as new sites or pages, changes to existing sites and dead likes.
There is some other program names that search engine web crawler uses to do this like
bot or spider each search engine has its own type. Also, every types follows an
algorithmic process to determine which sites to crawl and how often. As a search
engine’s crawler which are the pages crawled constantly discover whether some changes
happened in the page’s content when it was crawled on the last time. If there is detect
changes or any links found on any pages it will crawled later and this is how the new
content is discovered.
(www.deepcrawl.com, 2019)

Indexing
If a search engine processes each of the pages it crawls, it composes an enormous index
of all the words it see and their location on each page. Commonly indexing is dispose
information before a search to enable super-fast responses to the relevant results. Also, it
is essentially a database of billions of web pages. An extracted content interpreted by the
search engine’s algorithm to determine its importance compared to similar pages. There
are millions of servers in Microsoft and Google to store required information.
(www.brickmarketing.com, 2005)

SAFRAS FAIZER 26
Ranking
As SEO’s (Search Engine Optimization) this is the area we are mostly concerned with
and the part that allows us to show clients physical progress. For example, if you want to
access to ‘Robotics’ website you have to search ‘Robotics’ in a search engine, the
ranking specifies where in the search results in the web page is listed in top 5 results.
Basically, a web page ranking in search engine also called as position. There are different
types of ranking factors that impact weather a website develops higher on the SERP
based on the content relevant to the search term or the standard of the backlinks pointing
to the web page.

Ways to improve website’s index value and rank through search engine
optimization;
Using high quality content – if we provide useful content the number of users increase
by using the website for a long time, it can effect SEO (search engine optimization)
rankings. There is another thing if we provide high quality content users will subscribes
or bookmark the relevant website it will also effect for the SEO rankings.
Page load speed – in the current world excepting everything to be speeder than before so
if users waited some more extra minutes until your page load they will leave the website
as soon as possible. It will reduce your users and it will effect to the SEO rankings so, it
is better to increase the page load speed while using a caching plug-ins on the website.
There are so many ways to increase the page load speed.
Readability, Layout and Formatting – well educated users they won’t read all the web
pages and they won’t spend time to read all of these so, it is better make content short and
sweet also understandable. There are is another thing we have to put proper layouts and
formatting it should be user friendliness to the users. We have use proper font types, sizes
and colors on the website it will be easy to read.
Image optimization – in the society people are different types so, some people doesn’t
like paragraphs than the pictures also, kids are attracted to the images. Putting images on
the website it will gives brightness and colorfulness to the website. Also we have to give
some file names to the images such as description, tag, title or caption.
(www.jeffbullas.com, 2018)

SAFRAS FAIZER 27
Task 01.4
Web development technologies and frameworks
In a website there should always a web developer must surely know how to develop the
website by using different kind of rules, techniques, technologies and frameworks. It is
very important to a website to be more user-friendliness and attractive, for that the web
developer should get familiar and use the web technologies and frameworks to achieve
the goals.

Web development technologies

Web technologies are the markup languages and multimedia packages which are the
methods used to communicate in the computers. Basically, computers cannot
communicate with people simply it’s require codes to communicate. I have given some
web development technologies below;
01. Browsers
Browsers requests information and what they receive, they will show us the information
in a proper and understandable format. Simply, browsers are the interpreters of the web.
There are some popular web browsers below;
 Google Chrome – this is the most popular web browser currently people using
brought to you by Google.
 Safari – Apple’s web browser.
 Internet Explorer – Microsoft’s browser.
 Firefox – open-source browser supported by the Mozilla foundation.

(www.tms-outsource.com, 2018)

SAFRAS FAIZER 28
02. Html & CSS
HTML is a markup language which we should learn first. HTML stands for Hyper Text
Markup Language. HTML provides the structure of a website so, web browsers know
what to show once they receive the request.
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet. CSS allows to change the fonts, transitions, colors
and animations on the web by the web designers. Although, it describes how HTML
elements are to be displayed on the screen and it makes the website look much better.

03. Front-end
The Front-end is composed of HTML, CSS and JavaScript which, run on the open web
platform or act as collection of input for non-web platform environments. By using those
to design front-end that’s how the websites are shown to the users. Also, front-end web
development is known as client-side development because, its shows to the users which
directly interact to the HTML, CSS and JavaScript for a website or web application. The
main responsibility for the front-end development is the tools and techniques which is
used to create the front-end part in a website that change continuously so, the developers
should know how to regularly develop the website in the field.
(www.frontendmasters.com, 2018)

04. Back-end
The Back-end is composed of our server and database. It’s the place where all the
methods, functions and data manipulations happens which clients cannot see those things.
In simple words, it’s used for the behind the scenes activities which can happen while
completing any action on a website. For example, according to our scenario it can be
logging into the online library system and borrowing some books. Although, back-end
development is mainly focusing on scripting, databases and the architecture of websites.
Mostly, the codes which are written by the back-end developers are very helpful for
communicating database information to the web application.
(www.guru99.com, 2019)

SAFRAS FAIZER 29
Web development frameworks
Web development frameworks supports to develop, publish and create the web
applications and web sites. Although, this can include APIs, web services and other
resources. By using frameworks, it is easier to work with the programming languages. I
have given some most popular web development frameworks below;

01. Django
Django is one of the most popular framework which is written in python and follows the
Model View Template (MVT). Basically, complex and data-driven popular websites like
Instagram, NASA and Disqus are built by using Django frameworks. When it comes to
managing accounts and passwords Django framework provides high-level security
measures. The Django framework is very simple so that it makes the app development
process much easier.

02. Ruby on Rails

Ruby on rails framework is a server-side web framework which is written in Ruby
programming language that makes app development much faster and easier. Popular
websites like Ask.fm, 500px, Basecamp, GitHub and many others are written by using
ruby frameworks. Ruby on Rails supports the Restful style of architecture it means
applications are built in a logical structure. Although, it’s community inspiring an
intelligent development and the main use of Ruby codes is self-documenting.

03. Angular
Angular is an open source JavaScript framework and one of the latest web technologies
mainly designed for develop dynamic web applications. Also, specifically this Angular
JavaScript framework is created to develop front-end based applications. Angular
framework is based on Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture it means it has a
fixed structure for all the web pages and angular framework is the best suited framework
for single page applications.

SAFRAS FAIZER 30
04. Laravel
Laravel is an open source PHP framework and it follows the Model-View-Controller
(MVC) architecture. A large amount of news sites, social networking and content
management systems are built by using Laravel framework. It includes some useful
features like data migrations, object-oriented libraries, ORM composers, authorization
technique etc… Although, especially it secures the user from the vulnerabilities like SQL
injection, dubious cookies, cross-site scripting etc…

05. Meteor JS
Meteor JS is one of the best web development framework which is written in Node.js and
it is a full-stack JavaScript framework to build single page applications. Also, it is an
open-source isomorphic JavaScript web framework. Moreover, Meteor JS framework is
very helpful for the developers to build real-time applications for different types of
platforms. It is very easy to build applications because, it has built concepts from the
other frameworks and libraries. Meteor JS allows us to build faster when we use
JavaScript on the front-end and also, on the back-end makes much easier for web
development.

(www.dzone.com, 2018)

SAFRAS FAIZER 31
Web development techniques
A better web application should be able for the users to use the web pages without any
faults in the web applications. Web designers and developers should be creating the web
sites that can be regularly updated and maintained. The web development techniques
which, I given below is what I have used in my online library management system.
01. Web Animation – web animation is very important and mainly it’s a necessary part
of a website. Animations can play a huge role for the users to understand the content in
the website quickly and it is easy to get an idea about it. Web animations can provide
complex ideas in a small amount of time. Normally, it’s very hard to capture the user’s
attention but, web animations can do a good job of catching the user’s attention and it can
play a huge role in marketing sites.
02. Making it Predictable – the most important thing in a website is buttons and the
navigation bars. Mainly, for the buttons in the web pages should be in proper and clear
texts, colors and the sizes. Although, we have to make sure the buttons are working
properly and are they taking the users where they wanted to see in the websites. By using
navigation bars for the menus in the web content and also, designing the bars with colors
and pictures can drag the user’s attention to the website in a little amount of time.
03. Using unique styles – in a web page there should be a unique style which is not seen
in the other web pages. So, it is very important to use an own style in a creative manner
that can make users experience more comfortable.
(www.thenextscoop.com, 2018)

Web development tools

Web development tools allow web developers to work with different kinds of web
technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript etc… which are conducted by the web
browsers. Also, web development tools allows to test and debug the website codes to the
web developers easily. There are some other popular web development tools such as
Word press, Adobe Flash, Joomla and AJAX etc… But, I have given below the web
development tools which I have used in my online library management system.
Xampp – it’s a software which allocates MySQL database, Apache web server, PHP and
Perl all in one collection. Xampp software is available in all the Windows, Linux and
MAC systems. Everything which we need to set up for a web server are included in the
Xampp software such as for server application (Apache), for database (MySQL), for
scripting language (PHP) are available in the software. Mainly, Xampp software make
very easy for developers to create a local web server for testing purposes. Especially,

SAFRAS FAIZER 32
Xampp software allocates PhpMyadmin which can supply GUI tool for handle our
MySQL databases. Web development using Xampp software is mostly for the beginners.
(www.blog.udemy.com, 2013)

Notepad++ - it’s a free source code editor and a powerful text editor with full of features.
Normally, Notepad++ supports several programming languages such as C, C++, HTML,
PHP, JavaScript, C#, SQL, CSS, Python, Java, ASP, Pascal, XML, NFO, Perl, Lua and
NSIS etc… It’s written in C++ with using Win32 API and STL which verifies higher
execution speed with smaller program size. Main elements in Notepad++ are syntax
gathering and highlighting, searches constant expressions, Unicode supports and
synchronized views and edits etc…
(www.download.cnet.com, 2014)

Why a web application is suitable for the given scenario?

Using a web application is very easy for the users because, users can access all the web
applications in any computers which are connected to the Internet using a common
browser. The main advantage of web application is the software program runs on a web
server and not like other desktop applications which are created by the operating systems.
Also, a web application that runs on a standard browser can work on both windows and
OS X. According to the given scenario online library management is the suitable web
application. Also there is a plus point for the users all web applications will be updated
on the server so, users can easily access to the updated version on the browser. Finally, I
would like to suggest to all the users web applications are much better and secured than
the other desktop applications.

SAFRAS FAIZER 33
Task 02
Task 02.1
Front-end Development
The Front-end is the execution of producing HTML, CSS and JavaScript which, run on
the open web platform or act as collection of input for non-web platform environments.
By using those to design front-end that’s how the websites are shown to the users. Also,
front-end web development is known as client-side development because, its shows to the
users which directly interact to the HTML, CSS and JavaScript for a website or web
application. The main responsibility for the front-end development is the tools and
techniques which is used to create the front-end part in a website that change
continuously so, the developers should know how to regularly develop the website in the
field.
(www.frontendmasters.com, 2018)
Back-end Development
The Back-end is controller of our server and database. It’s the place where all the
methods, functions and data manipulations happens which clients cannot see those things.
In simple words, it’s used for the behind the scenes activities which can happen while
completing any action on a website. For example, according to our scenario it can be
logging into the online library system and borrowing some books. Although, back-end
development is mainly focusing on scripting, databases and the architecture of websites.
Mostly, the codes which are written by the back-end developers are very helpful for
communicating database information to the web application.
(www.guru99.com, 2019)

Relationships between Front-end and Back-end website technologies

In web industry, front-end and back-end are the most popular website technologies and
the most important parts for the web development which plays a huge role for the web
application developers. In simple words, front-end is what we can graphically see the
user interface and the back-end is what we can’t see how all of it works. Normally,
sometimes in web development front-end is considered as web design and the back-end is
considered as web developer. Simply both web technologies are required elements for a
high-functioning website or application. Although, how the both front-end and back-end
technologies work is first user enters information or request through the interface and it

SAFRAS FAIZER 34
will be verified and communicated to the server which attracts the essential data from the
database and reply or sends it back to the user.
(www.careerfoundry.com, 2018)

How Front-end and Back-end technologies are related to the Presentation and
Application layers
Presentation Layer
The presentation layer is mainly, referred as how data is presented to the user. In
presentation layer, there are various forms of information like graphics, text and audio
but user is the major duty of this layer. The presentation layer is the lowest layer at which
application programmers think about data structure and presentation, instead of directly
sending data in the form of datagrams or packets between hosts.

Application Layer
The application layer is the last layer in OSI model. In simple words, the major function
of application layer in OSI model is to provide user interface. User interface might be
either command line based or GUI based. GUI based user interface is used in web
browser and command line interface (CLI) is used in routers and switches (IOS high-end
routers and switches). The application layer’s work is to provide services to the user.
(www.webopedia.com, 1999)

Normally, with presentation layer and application layer developed front-end technologies
such as knockout and foundation is used to depend on web application development and
the back-end developers can destroy a lot complexity in web application maintenance.
Presentation layer is very friendly for the developers because, web development
technologies like front-end and back-end developments are becoming more powerful and
it can make developers as experts on both the front-end and back-end of web
development. With the disconnection of presentation layer from the server side, front-end
and back-end web development are being well balanced.
(www.coursehero.com, 2012)

SAFRAS FAIZER 35
Task 02.2
Online website creation tools
An Online website creation tool is a pre-designed layout for a page or set of pages of a
website. Normally, an online website gives designers a comparative simple way to plug
content into a website without having to build the website from the ground up. Online
website creation tools are available in lower costs because, they are pre-designed layouts
which are built on mobile accessible frameworks. The negative thing in online website
creation tools is sometimes, it won’t work 100% on all the devices. Also, there is one
thing that online website creation tools normally built-in features so user can have more
customizability but somehow the website SEO performances and the load speed goes
down. Online website creation tools are not a good one like a supported system as custom
built sites.
Custom built websites
Custom built websites are mostly built websites without any use of a pre-designed layout.
It’s an important thing in custom built websites that it include more than directly how a
website looks. It could require back end coding for custom advanced functionality,
ecommerce features, APIs and lead management. Custom built websites move to take
longer than themes, this is because everything is being built and handled to a particular
business. It will save the time in the long run because when it’s built from the ground up
it’s a lot easier to customize the site to verify your site does exactly what you want it to
do. Also, the biggest plus point in custom built website is it work on all the devices and
browsers properly.
Differences between Online website creation tools and Custom built websites
Online website creation tools Custom built websites

The development time is shorter. The development time is longer.

Online websites are available in cheaper Custom built websites are more expensive
cost. than online websites.
It won’t work on all the devices. It will work 100% on all the devices.
There is no valid support system. The company that built the website is
there support.
It’s not built to be search engine friendly. It is built to be search engine friendly.

SAFRAS FAIZER 36
 The websites are tested to work across all The websites are not tested to work across
the devices. all the devices.
Other company website’s can be used the It’s a unique design website based on the
same website. company.
(www.atilus.com, No Date)

Task 02.3
Web Development Techniques
A better web application should be able for the users to use the web pages without any
faults in the web applications. Web designers and developers should be creating the web
sites that can be regularly updated and maintained. I have given below some most
effective web techniques that can be implemented in a website.
01. Focusing on the user – normally, user’s styles are researching every new web pages
and focusing on the web pages what they wanted. Most of the users are considering a
little amount of texts on the websites. Usually, users are not expecting large amount of
information seen on the website because, there are mostly used to get an idea from a
small content. Also, users are mostly liked to entertaining and truthful information to be
seen on the websites.
02. Keeping it simple – mainly, in a web page there must only relevant things should be
displayed which users wanted and relevant to them. Unnecessary things should be
removed from the web pages. Mostly, users will be happy to use the websites if there is
no unwanted ads and some services like mobile numbers, email addresses are not
required to the web page. Also, web pages should look very simple it helps to increase
the user experience and efficiency.
03. Providing keyboard support – when we building interactive interfaces, it is very
important to provide keyboard support. While using the keyboard users can have get the
same great experience like using a mouse. If we use front-end web development with
keyboard events it can update new contents and the escape keys can help to cancel
interactions.
04. Protecting the website’s inherent accessibility – a web page or a HTML document
can be accessed by anyone in the world with any devices and the connections. So, it is
very important when we are designing a website make sure the designers or developers
should protect inherent accessibility. If not it can damage the websites. Although,
protecting the websites can give a trustful and effective websites for the users.
05. Making the background images responsive – for an effective, beautiful and
responsive background images using CSS styles is the perfect decision. If we properly

SAFRAS FAIZER 37
use the background-size, background-width, background-margin etc… in CSS styles can
gives a good proper responsive background images.

(www.creativebloq.com, 2015)

Web Development Tools

Web development tools allow web developers to work with different kinds of web
technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript etc… which are conducted by the web
browsers. Also, web development tools allows to test and debug the website codes to the
web developers easily. There are some other popular web development tools such as
Bootstrap, Sublime, AngularJS and JQuery etc… But, I have given below some of the
web development tools only.
01. Atom - is a free and open-source code editor for all the MacOS, Linux and Microsoft
windows users. All these are supported for plug-ins which is written in Node.js and
developed by GitHub. Also, it allows cross-platform editing and supports command
palette. Atom software is a desktop application which is built with using web
technologies.

02. JQuery – is an open-source software and the JavaScript library which mainly
designed to make easier for HTML document traversal, Ajax, event handling,
manipulation and CSS animations. Also, it allows front-end developers to focus on the
functionality of different features. Nowadays, JQuery is used in millions of popular
websites. Although, it helps to create documentation, it provides a powerful concept
structure and it’s very safe and maintenance friendly.

SAFRAS FAIZER 38
03. Sublime Text – it’s a proprietary cross-platform source code editor with the python
application interface. Mainly, this development tools support markup languages and
many programming languages. Also, it allows developers to give project individual
preferences, provides python-based plugin API and simultaneous editing allows making
the same interactive changes to multiple areas.

04. Adobe Dreamweaver - it’s a proprietary web development tool from Adobe
Incorporated which was created by macromedia in 1997. It’s mainly, designed to develop
web pages, for a fully featured HTML web and programming editor. Also, Dreamweaver
supports many markup languages, HTML, CSS, XML and JavaScript. Adobe
Dreamweaver supports for windows operating systems and macOS. Dreamweaver is a
very flexible web editing tool, when it comes to create complex or simple websites.
(www.guru99.com, 2019)

SAFRAS FAIZER 39
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SAFRAS FAIZER 42
Appendix A
Gant Chart

SAFRAS FAIZER 43
Appendix B
Self-criticism
When I am doing this assignment, I realized that there are so many things that I need to
work on to improve my knowledge, academic writing and the way of thinking. One of the
main problem in doing this assignment was time management. I gave up myself at the
beginning of this assignment and I thought it is hard I cannot submit on time. If I do late
submission, I will only get a pass. However, after I tried repeatedly then I got used to the
art, which was then quite easy to carry on with the assignment. I think I have tried my
best in completing this assignment and I am damn sure that I have answered to all the
questions correctly. Doing this assignment was interesting because of Mr. Haritha’s
teaching, I love the way how he teaches us.

Strengths and Weaknesses

Strengths Weakness
Overall good time management. Academic writing.

Support from friends when I was stuck. Stress.

Learnt how to be clam and do certain Spent too much time to collect
things information.
Lecture’s guidelines. Average knowledge.

SAFRAS FAIZER 44