LAB REPORT NO.

03
Objective:
To measure the insulation level of different wires with the help of a megger
and to understand the construction and operation of megger.
Apparatus:
 Megger
 Wires
Megger:
Insulation resistance quality of an electrical system degrades with time, environment
condition i.e. temperature, humidity, moisture and dust particles. It also get impacted
negatively due to the presence of electrical and mechanical stress, so it’s become very
necessary to check the IR (Insulation resistance) of equipment at a constant regular
interval to avoid any measure fatal or electrical shock.
Megger is an instrument used for measurement of high resistance and insulation
resistance. Practically it is used in operation of continuity, short circuit and open circuit
tests of electrical insulation.
It works on the principle of comparison, i.e., the resistance of
the insulation is compared with the known value of resistance. If the resistance of the
insulation is high, the pointer of the moving coil deflects towards the infinity, and if it is
low, then the pointer indicates zero resistance. The accuracy of the Megger is high as
compared to other instruments

.
Important Parts:
Analog display:- Analog display provided on front face of tester for IR value
recording.
Hand Crank:- Hand crank used to rotate helps to achieve desired RPM required
generate voltage which runs through electrical system.
Wire Leads:- Used same as in electronic tester i.e. For connecting tester with
electrical system.
Construction:
Deflecting and Control coil:
Connected parallel to the generator, mounted at right angle to each other and
maintain polarities in such a way to produced torque in opposite direction.
Permanent Magnets:
Produce magnetic field to deflect pointer with North-South pole magnet.
Pointer:
One end of the pointer connected with coil another end deflects on scale from
infinity to zero.
Scale:
A scale is provided in front-top of the megger from range ‘zero’ to ‘infinity’,
enable us to read the value.
D.C generator or Battery connection:
Testing voltage is produced by hand operated DC generator for manual operated
Megger. Battery / electronic voltage charger is provided for automatic type Megger for
same purpose.
Pressure coil resistance and Current coil resistance:
Protect instrument from any damage because of low external electrical resistance
under test.

Working Principle:
Voltage for testing produced by hand operated megger by rotation of crank in case of
hand operated type, a battery is used for electronic tester.
500 Volt DC is sufficient for performing test on equipment range up to 440 Volts.
1000 V to 5000 V is used for testing for high voltage electrical systems.
Deflecting coil or current coil connected in series and allows flowing the electric
current taken by the circuit being tested.
The control coil also known as pressure coil is connected across the circuit.
Current limiting resistor (CCR and PCR) connected in series with control and
deflecting coil to protect damage in case of very low resistance in external circuit.
In hand operated megger electromagnetic induction effect is used to produce the
test voltage i.e. armature arranges to move in permanent magnetic field or vice versa.
Work philosophy based on ohm-meter or ratio-meter. The deflection torque is
produced with megger tester due to the magnetic field produced by voltage and
 current, similarly like ‘Ohm's Law’. Torque of the megger varies in ration with V/I,
(Ohm's Law:- V = IR or R = V/I). Electrical resistance to be measured is connected
across the generator and in series with deflecting coil. Produced torque shall be in
opposite direction if current supplied to the coil.
High resistance = No current:-
No current shall flow through deflecting coil, if resistance is very high i.e.
infinity position of pointer.
Small resistance = High current:-
If circuit measures small resistance allows a high electric current to pass
through deflecting coil, i.e. produced torque make the pointer to set at ‘ZERO’.
Intermediate resistance = varied current:-
If measured resistance is intermediate, produced torque align or set the pointer
between the range of ‘ZERO to INIFINITY’.

Procedure

 Take a megger and rotate its crank with open circuit it show deflection to infinity.
 Now connect the terminals of the megger with a wire whose resistance to be
measured
 Rotate the crank of megger to generate 500v .
 Then its needle shows a deflection on scale.
 Measure the reading on scale according to the needle.
 Repeat the procedure and take some readings for different wires.

Observation

Serial # Type of cables Resistance of cable

Mohm
1 04491*3/0.029 25.3
2 04491*7/0.029 24.5
3 06491*1.5mm2 24.7
4 06491*6mm2 25.6
5 06491*10mm2 26

Conclusion:
We can find insulation of wires and cables with the help of megger.