LAB REPORT # 04

Objective:
To construct a radial distributor and to determine the point of minimum
potential, voltage drops in conductor sections and real power for different loads.

Apparatus:
 Single Phase power Supply
 Circuit breaker
 Line module
 Resistive load
 Ammeter

Theory:
The main function of an electrical power distribution system is to provide power to
individual consumer premises. Distribution of electric power to different consumers is done
with much low voltage level.
Distribution of electric power is done by distribution networks. Distribution networks
consist of following main parts
 Distribution substation
 Primary distribution feeder
 Distribution Transformer
 Distributors
 Service mains
The transmitted electric power is stepped down in substations, for primary distribution
purpose. Now these stepped down electric power is fed to the distribution transformer
through primary distribution feeders. Overhead primary distribution feeders are
supported by mainly supporting iron pole (preferably rail pole). The conductors are
strand aluminum conductors and they are mounted on the arms of the pole by means of
pin insulators. Some times in congested places, underground cables may also be used
for primary distribution purposes.
Radial Electrical Power Distribution System
In early days of electrical power distribution system, different feeders
radially came out from the substation and connected to the primary of distribution
transformer.
But radial electrical power distribution system has one major drawback that in case of
any feeder failure, the associated consumers would not get any power as there was no
alternative path to feed the transformer. In case of transformer failure also, the power
 supply is interrupted. In other words the consumer in the radial electrical distribution
system would be in darkness until the feeder or transformer was rectified.
The sub distributors and service mains are taken off may be via distribution transformer
at different suitable points on the ring depending upon the location of the consumers.
Sometimes, instead of connecting service main directly to the ring, sub distributors are
also used to feed a group of service mains where direct access of ring distributor is not
possible.

Procedure:
 First of all make the connections according to the circuit diagram.
 Then Turn on the Power Supply.
 Attach the resistive load and record the value of voltage, current and power
factor in the table.
 Repeat the above steps for inductive load at different load points and record
the values in the table
 Similarly, repeat the above steps for capacitive load at different load points and
record the values in the table.

Sr Vab Vbc Vcd VbN VcN VdN Is Ib Ic Id Pb Ps Pd

#
1 42 30 19 182 168 161 0.43 0.16 0.13 0.14 29.12 21.84 22.54
2 50 35 21 168 150 142 0.53 0.22 0.16 0.17 39.96 24 24.14
3 47 31 22 173 155 146 0.49 0.15 0.17 0.17 25.95 26.35 24.82
Observation & Calculations:

Per Unit Calculation:

∑V.D ∑I ∑P P.U

91 0.46 73.5 0.395

106 0.56 85.1 0.434
100 0.49 77.12 0.460