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Load Adjustment
Load Adjustment
Load Adjustment
Operation Section
Generator Operation
If derating for the block load is required, refer to ISO Permanent Magnet Pilot Excited
3046 Standards or SAE J1349 Standards. Also, Generators
reference Engine Data Sheet, LEKX4066, “Loading
Transient Response” and Engine Data Sheet, Permanent Magnet Pilot Excited (PMPE) generators
LEKX4067, “Block and Transient Response”. receive power for the voltage regulator from a pilot
exciter, rather than the main armature. The pilot
Note: ISO stands for International Standards exciter consists of a permanent magnet rotor and a
Organization. permanent magnet stator. The pilot exciter operates
independently from the generator output voltage.
Power Factor Constant excitation during a large load application is
possible because the irregularities that occur in
The power factor represents the efficiency of the generator output voltage are not fed back into the
load. Power factor is the ratio of apparent power to exciter. Such irregularities can be caused by load
total power. The power factor is expressed as a conditions. The independent operation also allows
decimal. The power factor represents that portion of the generator to better sustain an overload for a short
the current which is doing useful work. The portion of duration. The pilot exciter also ensures that the
current which is not doing useful work is absorbed in generator will start properly even if the rotating field
maintaining the magnetic field in motors or other becomes completely demagnetized.
devices.
In most applications, electric motors and Low Idle Adjustment
transformers determine the power factor of the
system. Induction motors usually have a 0.8 or Generator sets normally have a higher low idle
smaller power factor. Incandescent lighting is a setting than industrial engines. Low idle will be
resistive load of about 1.0 power factor, or unity. approximately 66% of the full load speed of 60 Hz
units. Low idle will be approximately 80% of the full
The power factor of a system may be determined by load speed of 50 Hz units.
a power factor meter or by calculations. Determine
the power requirement in kW by multiplying the There is no low idle stop on generator sets with
power factor by the kVA that is supplied to the electronic governors. On generator sets with
system. As the power factor increases, the total mechanical governors and natural gas generator
current supplied to a constant power demand will sets, the low idle is set at the factory. The low idle
decrease. For example, a 100 kW load at a 0.8 should only be adjusted by your Caterpillar dealer if
power factor will draw more current than a 100 kW adjustment is required.
load at 0.9 power factor. High power factor will result
in full engine load at less than the rated amperage of Note: Operating the generator set at low idle speed
the generator. A lower power factor increases the for an extended time will cause some voltage
possibility of overloading the generator. regulators to shut off. The generator set must be
completely shut down. Then, the generator set must
Note: Caterpillar generators are designed for a 0.8 be restarted. This will allow the voltage regulator to
power factor unless otherwise specified. again produce an output.
Generator Options
Space Heaters
Most of the SR4B generators are provided with
space heaters. These space heaters are installed for
operation in high humidity conditions. For more
information on space heaters, refer to Maintenance
Section, “Space Heater - Check”.
Oilfield Generators
Oilfield generators are available for some generator
sets. Oilfield generators are used with SCR
controlled electric oil rigs. Oilfield generators are not
provided with a voltage regulator. The function of the
generator control is performed by the drilling
electrical control system. Consult the builder of the
drilling rig for any questions that pertain to generator
control such as voltage regulation, paralleling, load
sharing, etc.