ARD Static

Lecture – 12
 Practice Question
Q. Which of the following category of fish live in the darkness below the sunlit surface
waters, that is below the epipelagic or photic zone of the ocean?

A. Deep Sea Fish

B. Pelagic Fish
C. Dermal Fish
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

Ans. Deep Sea Fish

 Introduction
• Social forestry is the practice of forestry on lands outside the conventional forest area for
the benefit of the rural and urban communities.
•The term was coined by J.C. Westoby. It was first recognized as an important
component of forestry for meeting rural needs in the interim report of the National
Commission on Agriculture (NCA, 1976).
•The objectives of social forestry adopted by the NCA were to fulfill the basic and economic
needs of the community.
•The scope of social forestry defined by the NCA included farm forestry, community
woodlots, and reforestation in degraded lands.
•By mid-1980, the concept of social forestry was firmly established as forestry of the
people, by the people and for the people.
 Social forestry

Rehabilitation of
Extension Community Recreation
Farm Forestry Degraded
Forestry Woodlots Forestry
Forests
 Farm Forestry

Farm Forestry is defined (by NCA (1976)) as the practice of forestry in all its aspect on farms of
village lands generally integrated with other farm operations.

Farm forestry is the practice of forestry on farms in the form of raising rows of trees on bunds
or boundaries of fields and individual trees in private agricultural land as well as the creation
of windbreaks, which are protective vegetal screens created around a farm or an orchard by
raising one or two lines of trees close with shrubs in between.
 Extension Forestry

Extension forestry is the practice of forestry in areas devoid of tree growth

and other vegetation and situated in places away from conventional forest areas
with the object of increasing the area under tree growth.
It includes within its scope the following:

1. Mixed forestry 2. Windbreaks

Mixed forestry is It is a protective planting
practice of forestry for around a garden, a farm,
raising fodder grass with or a field to protect it
scattered fodder trees, against strong winds. It
fruit trees and fuel-wood usually consists of 2-3
trees on suitable waste rows of trees or shrubs,
lands, panchayat land spaced at 0.5 m to 2.5 m
and village commons apart, depending on the
land. species.
 Extension Forestry

3. Shelterbelts
Shelterbelts is defined as a belt of trees
and/or shrubs maintained for the purpose of
shelter from wind, sun, snow-drift, etc. They
are generally more extensive than the wind-
breaks covering areas larger than a single
farm and sometimes whole regions on a
planned pattern.’
4. Linear Strip Plantation
These are plantations of fast-growing
species on linear strips of land on the
sides of public roads, canals and
railway lines
 Community Woodlots

The community woodlots consist of plantations of fuelwood species on community

village lands, with the intended objective of increasing a villager’s access to fuel
wood, fruits, and fodder.

Recreation Forestry

Recreation forestry is the practice of forestry with the object of raising avenue/
flowering trees and shrubs mainly to serve as recreation forests for urban and rural
populations.
This type of forestry is also known as Aesthetic forestry which is defined as the
practice of forestry with the object of developing or maintaining a forest of high
scenic value.
 Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests

As a third component, the interim report of the NCA, 1976 suggested the
reforestation of degraded forests to achieve the following objectives:
• To grow short-rotation fuel and timber species for meeting the requirements.

• To organize fuelwood supplies at reasonable rates, this will prevent pilferage from
neighboring commercial forests.
• To tie up degraded forest areas with the nearby rural and semi-urban centers for
their requirements of fuelwood.
• To provide employment.
• To rehabilitate the degraded forests in the process.
 Differences between Social Forestry and Agroforestry

Social Forestry Agroforestry

1. Social forestry is a plantation made on lands outside 1. Agroforestry is a sustainable land management system that
conventional forest areas for the benefit of rural and urban increases the overall production, combines agricultural crops, tree
communities, with objectives to supply fuel wood to divert cow dung crops and forest plants and/or animals simultaneously or
from village hearths to village fields, small timber for housing and sequentially, and applies management practices that are compatible
agricultural implements and fodder for cattle of the rural population, with the cultural patterns of the local population.
etc
2. It is thus the forestry of the people, by the people and for the 2. It is a system which is rather localized in its concept for managing
people. the unit of land for maximizes production of agricultural crop
and forest trees complimentary with each other.
3. Planting of trees on massive scale is done on vacant land 3. Agroforestry is practiced mostly in farmers’ field/own land.
community land

4. Mainly trees and shrubs are to be used to harvest multiple 4. It involves integration of two or more than two components ion
products. the same unit of land.
Q1. Social forestry is the practice of forestry on lands outside the
conventional forest area for the benefit of rural and urban communities. The term
Social Forestry was first coined by__________.

A. National Commission on Agriculture

B. Aristotle
C. Gifford Pinchot
D. J.C. Westoby
E. Dietrich Brandis

Ans: J.C. Westoby

Q2. Which of the following is not included within its scope the Social forestry?

A. Community Forestry
B. Farm Forestry
C. Agroforestry
D. A&B
E. All of the above

Ans: Agroforestry
Q3. ___________the practice of forestry in all its aspect on farms of village lands generally
integrated with other farm operations.

A. Community Forestry
B. Extension Forestry
C. Farm Forestry
D. Community Forestry
E. A&B

Ans: Farm forestry

Q4. Which of the following is the practice of forestry with the object of raising
avenue/flowering trees and shrubs mainly to serve as recreation forests for the urban
and rural population?

A. Recreation forestry
B. Community Woodlots
C. Agroforestry
D. Rehabilitation of Degraded Forests
E. Agrosilviculture

Ans: Recreation forestry

Q. 5____________ is a system that is rather localized in its concept for managing the unit of
land for maximizes the production of agricultural crops and forest trees complimentary with
each other.

A. Social Forestry
B. Agroforestry
C. Tungaya
D. Community Forestry
E. None of the above

Ans: Agroforestry
 Practice Question
Q. Which of the following is defined as a belt of trees and/or shrubs maintained for the
purpose of shelter from wind, sun, snow drift, etc.?

A. Windbreaks
B. Shelter beds
C. Mixed beds
D. All of the above
E. Both A and B