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Abstract. This paper throws light on one of the most important but ignored periods of the history of the
Sudan, the Ottoman period. The Ottomans’ advances into the Sudan go back to 1523 when they annexed
Suakin at the Red Sea. Then they marched south through the Nile Valley from the mid 16th century on-
wards; that march culminated in 1584 in the agreement with the Fung rulers by which the territory be-
tween the two powers was fixed at Hannek, 10 km south of the 3rd cataract region. The archaeological
remains included fortresses, forts, houses, mosques, seclusions (khalwas) and comers (zawyas). The area
was in the periphery of the great Ottoman Empire and its archaeological remains have to be approached
with caution. The paper seeks to draw the attention of scholars of Ottoman archaeology in particular and
Islamic archaeology in general to the wealth of this period.
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