UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

UNIT-3

Understanding Harmony in the Family and Society- Harmony in Human-Human

Relationship
Harmony in human-human relationships is crucial for fostering a peaceful and supportive
family and society. It involves the creation of an environment where individuals can coexist,
cooperate, and thrive together.

Key aspects to understand about harmony in family and society

1. Effective Communication: Open and honest communication is the foundation of

any harmonious relationship. Family members and members of society should
feel comfortable expressing their thoughts, feelings, and concerns. Active
listening is equally important to understand others' perspectives and feelings.
2. Empathy and Understanding: Empathy involves putting oneself in another
person's shoes and understanding their emotions and experiences. In a family
and society, showing empathy helps build stronger connections and resolve
conflicts more effectively.
3. Conflict Resolution: Conflicts are inevitable in any relationship, but how they are
managed can determine the level of harmony. Healthy conflict resolution involves
finding compromises, seeking common ground, and avoiding destructive
behaviours like blaming, yelling, or stonewalling.
4. Respect for Differences: Diversity is a natural part of any family or society.
Harmony is not about everyone being the same but respecting and celebrating
differences in culture, beliefs, values, and opinions. It's essential to embrace
diversity and foster an inclusive environment.
5. Trust: Trust is the bedrock of all relationships. It takes time to build and can be
easily eroded. Being reliable, honest, and transparent helps establish and
maintain trust in family and societal relationships.
6. Shared Values and Goals: Harmony is often easier to achieve when there are
shared values and common goals within a family or society. These shared
principles provide a sense of purpose and direction, helping to align individuals'
efforts and aspirations.
7. Cultural Sensitivity: In diverse societies, being culturally sensitive is vital for
harmonious relationships. This includes being aware of and respecting cultural
norms, traditions, and practices different from one's own.
 8. Forgiveness: Holding onto grudges and past conflicts can disrupt harmony.
Learning to forgive and let go of past grievances can help repair damaged
relationships and restore harmony.
9. Education and Awareness: Promoting education and awareness about the
importance of harmony in family and society can help individuals develop the
skills and attitudes needed for positive interactions.

Harmony in the Family- the basic unit of human interaction

Harmony in the family, as the basic unit of human interaction, is essential for creating a
supportive and nurturing environment for all its members. It involves the development of
positive relationships, effective communication, and shared values.

1. Quality Time: Spending quality time together helps build strong bonds within the
family. Whether through family dinners, outings, or other activities, making time
for one another strengthens relationships and creates positive memories.
2. Roles and Responsibilities: Clarity in roles and responsibilities can reduce
misunderstandings and resentment. Each family member should understand
their role and contribute to the family's well-being, whether through chores,
caregiving, or emotional support.
3. Flexibility: Families often go through various life changes, such as births, deaths,
career shifts, and relocations. Flexibility and adaptability are essential to weather
these changes while maintaining harmony.
4. Boundaries: Establishing healthy boundaries within the family ensures that
individual privacy and personal space are respected. This also prevents
overstepping and conflicts.
5. Conflict Prevention: Sometimes, the best way to maintain harmony is to prevent
conflicts from arising in the first place. This can be achieved by proactive
communication, setting clear expectations, and avoiding triggers that lead to
disputes.
6. Quality Parenting: Parents play a critical role in fostering harmony in the family.
Consistent and fair parenting, setting good examples, and providing emotional
guidance are essential aspects.

Understanding values in human-human relationship

Understanding values in human-human relationships is crucial for building and maintaining
healthy, meaningful, and mutually satisfying connections with others. Values are deeply held
beliefs and principles that guide a person's behaviour, choices, and priorities. In
relationships, aligning values can foster trust, respect, and compatibility, while conflicting
values can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.
 1. Identifying Personal Values: To understand values in relationships, it's essential to
first identify and clarify your own values. Reflect on what matters most to you in life,
what principles you uphold, and what drives your decision-making.
2. Communication: Open and honest communication is crucial for discovering and
discussing values with others. Share your values with your partner, friend, or family
member, and encourage them to do the same. Discussing values can help you better
understand each other and identify areas of alignment or potential differences.
3. Prioritizing Values: Understand that not all values are of equal importance to
everyone. Some values are core and non-negotiable, while others are more flexible.
Recognize which values are essential for you and where you can be more adaptable.
4. Common Values: Shared values can create a strong foundation for relationships.
When you and your partner, friend, or family member have common values, it can
enhance trust and understanding. These shared values can be a source of strength
during challenging times.
5. Reevaluating Values: People change and grow, and their values may evolve over
time. It's essential to periodically reevaluate your values and have open
conversations with your loved ones about any shifts in values that may impact your
relationship.
6. Boundaries: Clearly define and communicate your boundaries in relationships based
on your values. Boundaries help maintain respect and ensure that your values are
honoured.

Meaning of Nyaya and program for its fulfilment to ensure Ubhay-Tripti spiritual
In Indian philosophy, "Nyaya" is one of the six classical systems of Hindu philosophy. It is
primarily a system of logic and epistemology, focused on the investigation of knowledge and
the nature of reality. The term "Nyaya" itself can be translated as "logic," "reasoning," or
"justice."
The Nyaya system is attributed to the sage Gautama, and its foundational text is the "Nyaya
Sutras." Nyaya philosophy is concerned with establishing valid methods of reasoning,
determining what can be known, and developing a systematic approach to understanding
the world. It deals with concepts like perception, inference, comparison, and testimony as
sources of knowledge.
Ubhay-Tripti" is a term that can be translated as "dual satisfaction" or "satisfaction on both
sides." In the context of Nyaya philosophy, it refers to the idea of achieving satisfaction or
fulfilment in both this life (material or worldly satisfaction) and the next life (spiritual
satisfaction or liberation). In other words, it implies the pursuit of a balanced and
harmonious life that encompasses both material and spiritual well-being.
To ensure "Ubhay-Tripti" in the context of Nyaya philosophy, one would need to follow a
well-rounded and virtuous approach to life that incorporates both material and spiritual
dimensions.

Principles and practices that can contribute to this fulfilment

1. Dharma (Duty and Morality): Adhering to one's duties and moral responsibilities is a
fundamental aspect of Nyaya philosophy. By living a life guided by ethical principles,
individuals can attain material and moral satisfaction.
2. Yoga and Meditation: Incorporating practices like yoga and meditation can help
individuals achieve inner peace, mental clarity, and spiritual fulfilment.
3. Balance and Moderation: Striking a balance between material pursuits and spiritual
contemplation is essential for Ubhay-Tripti. Avoiding extremes and practicing
moderation in all aspects of life can lead to a harmonious existence.
4. Self-Realization: Understanding one's true self and the nature of reality is a central
theme in Nyaya. Self-realization and spiritual awakening contribute significantly to
spiritual satisfaction.
5. Service and Charity: Engaging in acts of service and charity can bring a sense of
fulfilment by helping others and contributing positively to society.
6. Respect for Others: Treating others with respect and compassion is an important
aspect of Nyaya philosophy. Building harmonious relationships with others can lead
to social and emotional satisfaction.

Trust (Vishwas) and Respect (Samman) as the foundational values of relationship

Trust (Vishwas) and Respect (Samman) are indeed foundational values in any healthy and
successful relationship, whether it's a personal relationship, a professional one, or any other
type of connection between individuals. These two values form the bedrock upon which
strong and enduring relationships are built.
Trust (Vishwas):
• Reliability: Trust is about being able to rely on someone. It means you have
confidence in their words and actions. When you trust someone, you believe that
they will do what they say they will do.
• Transparency: Open and honest communication is essential for trust. Concealing
information or being deceptive can erode trust quickly. Trust is built on a foundation
of truth and transparency.
• Consistency: Trust is not just about a one-time demonstration of trustworthiness. It's
about being consistent in your behaviour and actions over time. Consistency helps
solidify trust.
Respect (Samman):
• Valuing Differences: Respect means valuing the unique qualities, opinions, and
perspectives of the other person, even if they differ from your own. It's about
recognizing and appreciating their individuality.
• Courtesy: Showing respect involves being polite, considerate, and courteous in your
interactions. It's about treating others with kindness and dignity.
• Listening: Listening actively and attentively to the other person's thoughts and
feelings is a sign of respect. It shows that you value their input and are willing to
understand their perspective.

Why Trust and Respect are Foundational

1. Building Blocks: Trust and respect serve as the building blocks of a strong
relationship. Without these, it's challenging to establish a connection that can
withstand challenges and disagreements.
2. Emotional Safety: Trust and respect create an environment where individuals feel
emotionally safe. When you trust and respect someone, you're more likely to be
open, vulnerable, and share your thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment or
betrayal.
3. Conflict Resolution: When conflicts or disagreements arise, a foundation of trust and
respect makes it easier to navigate and resolve these issues. You can have difficult
conversations with the confidence that the other person will listen and respond
respectfully.
4. Longevity: Relationships that lack trust and respect often falter or dissolve over time.
On the other hand, relationships rooted in these values tend to endure and even
strengthen with time.
5. Mutual Growth: Trust and respect facilitate personal and mutual growth within a
relationship. When individuals trust and respect each other, they can challenge and
support each other to become better versions of themselves.

Understanding the meaning of Vishwas

Vishwas" is a Hindi word that translates to "trust," "faith," or "belief" in English. It represents
the confidence and reliance one has in something or someone. Vishwas is a fundamental
aspect of human relationships, as it forms the basis for trust and emotional connections. It
can also be related to having confidence in a system, an idea, or a set of values.
In many contexts, "Vishwas" can refer to trust in a person's character, trust in an
organization's integrity, or faith in a belief or ideology. It plays a crucial role in building and
maintaining relationships, whether they are personal, professional, or societal.
 Difference between intention and competence
Intention and competence are two distinct concepts that relate to a person's abilities and
motivations.
1. Intention:
• Meaning: Intention refers to a person's purpose, goal, or desire to do
something. It is the mental state or determination behind an action.
• Focus: Intention is primarily concerned with the motivation or reason why
someone wants to achieve a particular outcome.
• Internal: Intention is an internal, subjective aspect of a person's mindset. It
deals with their thoughts, desires, and plans.
• Example: If someone intends to start a new exercise routine to improve their
health, their intention is the desire to become healthier.
2. Competence:
• Meaning: Competence refers to a person's capability, skill, or ability to
perform a specific task or achieve a particular goal effectively.
• Focus: Competence is primarily concerned with assessing a person's skill
level, expertise, or proficiency in a given area.
• External: Competence is observable and measurable. It is demonstrated
through a person's actions, performance, and the quality of their work.
• Example: If someone is competent in playing the guitar, it means they have
the necessary skills and knowledge to play the instrument proficiently.

Meaning of Samman
"Samman" is a Hindi word that translates to "respect" or "dignity" in English. It is a term
used to express admiration, honor, or esteem for someone or something. Samman is closely
related to the idea of showing regard and consideration for individuals, their opinions, and
their rights.

Difference between "Respect" and "Differentiation"

1. Respect:
• Respect is a positive feeling or action directed towards individuals, groups, or
things. It involves recognizing the worth, value, and rights of someone or
something.
 • Respect can be shown in various ways, including being polite, considerate,
and courteous to others. It often involves treating others the way you would
like to be treated.
• Respect is about acknowledging the inherent dignity of all individuals,
regardless of their background, beliefs, or differences.
• It is a fundamental aspect of building healthy relationships and fostering a
harmonious society.
2. Differentiation:
• Differentiation refers to the process of distinguishing or recognizing
differences between people, things, or concepts. It involves identifying and
highlighting variations or distinctions.
• Differentiation can be used in various contexts, such as in science to classify
organisms, in marketing to segment a target audience, or in interpersonal
relationships to understand individual uniqueness.
• While differentiation involves recognizing differences, it doesn't necessarily
imply a lack of respect. It is possible to differentiate between people or things
while still treating them with respect and dignity.
• However, differentiation can become problematic if it leads to discrimination
or unfair treatment based on those differences.

Salient values in relationship

Salient values in a relationship refer to the core principles, beliefs, and qualities that
individuals consider important and prioritize when forming and maintaining a connection
with someone else.
1. Trust: Trust is fundamental in any relationship. It involves being reliable, honest, and
transparent with your partner. Trust forms the basis for emotional intimacy.
2. Communication: Effective communication is key to resolving conflicts, understanding
each other's needs and feelings, and maintaining a strong connection. Active
listening and open, honest dialogue are essential.
3. Respect: Respect for each other's individuality, boundaries, and opinions is crucial. It
means valuing your partner as a person and treating them with dignity.
4. Equality: Many people value relationships where power and decision-making are
shared equally. Equality in a relationship promotes a sense of partnership and
fairness.
5. Empathy: Being able to understand and share the feelings of your partner is
important for emotional connection. Empathy fosters emotional support and
compassion.
 6. Commitment: Commitment signifies dedication to the relationship and the
willingness to work through challenges. It's the belief that the relationship is worth
investing time and effort into.
7. Independence: While a strong relationship involves connection, it's also essential to
maintain individuality and personal space. Some people value partners who support
their independence.
8. Support: Having a partner who provides emotional, moral, and practical support
during tough times is highly valued. This support can come in various forms,
including encouragement, assistance, and comfort.
9. Loyalty: Loyalty involves being there for your partner through thick and thin, and
remaining faithful to the commitment made in the relationship.

Harmony in the society (society being an extension of family): Samadhan, Samridhi,

Abhay, Sah-Astitva as comprehensive Human Goals

The concepts of Samadhan, Samridhi, Abhay, and Sah-Astitva can indeed be seen as
comprehensive human goals that contribute to harmony in society, with the idea that
society is an extension of the family. These concepts are rooted in various aspects of
individual and collective well-being.

Identification of the Comprehensive Human Goals

1. Samadhan (Resolution): Samadhan refers to the idea of resolving conflicts and

differences in a peaceful and constructive manner. In a family and society, conflicts
are inevitable, but how they are resolved is crucial. Promoting Samadhan means
encouraging open communication, empathy, and compromise. When individuals and
communities can resolve their conflicts effectively, it leads to a more harmonious
environment.
2. Samridhi (Prosperity): Samridhi represents the pursuit of prosperity and well-being
for both individuals and the society as a whole. It involves economic growth, access
to basic necessities, and opportunities for personal and collective advancement.
Prosperity in a society often leads to a higher quality of life, better education, and
improved healthcare, which contribute to overall harmony.
3. Abhay (Security): Abhay signifies the need for safety and security in society. This
includes physical safety from crime and violence, as well as social and economic
security. When individuals feel safe in their environment, they are more likely to
contribute positively to their families and communities. A sense of security is
fundamental for social harmony.
4. Sah-Astitva (Coexistence): Sah-Astitva emphasizes the importance of coexistence
and mutual respect among diverse individuals and groups within a society. It
 recognizes that a harmonious society is one where people from various backgrounds,
cultures, and beliefs can live together peacefully, respecting each other's differences.
Promoting Sah-astitva fosters social cohesion and inclusivity.

Visualizing a Universal harmonious order in society- Undivided Society

Visualizing a universal harmonious order in society, often referred to as an "Undivided
Society" or "Akhand Samaj" (in Hindi), is a noble and aspirational goal. Such a vision revolves
around the idea of creating a world where people from all backgrounds, regardless of their
differences in race, religion, nationality, or socioeconomic status, coexist peacefully,
harmoniously, and equitably.

Elements and Principles

1. Equality: The foundation of an Undivided Society is equality. This means that every
individual is treated with respect and dignity, and they have equal access to
opportunities, resources, and rights. Discrimination based on race, religion, gender,
or any other factor should be eliminated.
2. Inclusivity: An Undivided Society is inclusive by nature. It welcomes diversity and
values the unique perspectives and contributions of every group and individual. It
encourages dialogue and collaboration among different communities.
3. Justice: A just and fair society ensures that the rule of law prevails. It punishes
wrongdoers while protecting the rights and freedoms of all citizens. This includes
access to a fair legal system, protection from injustice, and addressing social and
economic disparities.
4. Education: Education plays a crucial role in promoting understanding and empathy
among people. An Undivided Society places a strong emphasis on education that
promotes tolerance, critical thinking, and cultural awareness.
5. Interfaith and Intercommunity Dialogue: Fostering dialogue among different
religious and cultural groups is essential for building trust and understanding.
Interfaith and intercommunity dialogue can help bridge gaps and reduce conflicts.
6. Social Welfare: An Undivided Society cares for its marginalized and vulnerable
populations. It ensures that everyone has access to basic necessities like food, clean
water, healthcare, and shelter.

7. Media and Information: An informed citizenry is essential for a harmonious society.

Responsible and unbiased media plays a significant role in shaping public opinion and
fostering understanding.

Universal Order (Sarvabhaum Vyawastha )- from family to world family

The concept of a universal order refers to a systematic arrangement or organization of
elements within a larger system, such as the universe or society. The idea is that the
universe operates according to a set of principles or laws that govern the behaviour of
matter and energy. This order is seen as being inherent in the universe, and it is believed
that understanding these principles can help us to better understand the world and our
place within it.

In society, the idea of a universal order is often used to refer to the belief that there is a
natural and harmonious way of organizing human relationships and institutions. This view
holds that society operates best when it is structured according to a set of universal
principles, such as justice, equality, and cooperation. These principles are believed to be
based on a shared human nature and to be applicable to all people, regardless of their
background or culture.

The benefits of a universal order are numerous and include:

1. Increased stability: When society is organized according to a universal order,

individuals are more likely to behave in predictable and stable ways. This helps to
create a more orderly and harmonious society, which in turn leads to greater
stability and security.
2. Improved decision-making: In a society organized according to a universal order,
decision-making processes are more likely to be based on objective criteria and to be
fair and just. This helps to ensure that decisions are made in the best interests of
society as a whole, rather than being influenced by personal or political interests.
3. Enhanced cooperation: By promoting a shared understanding of the principles that
govern human relationships and institutions, a universal order helps to foster greater
cooperation and collaboration. This in turn leads to more effective and efficient
solutions to problems and greater progress in areas such as social and economic
development.
4. Increased understanding: A universal order helps individuals to understand the
underlying principles that govern the world and their place within it. This can lead to
a greater appreciation of the interconnectedness of all things and a deeper
understanding of the world and our place within it.
5. Reduced conflict: By promoting a shared understanding of the principles that govern
human relationships and institutions, a universal order helps to reduce the risk of
conflict and to promote peace and stability. This is because individuals are more
likely to understand and respect each other’s perspectives and to work together to
find mutually acceptable solutions to problems.

The Benefits of a world family perspective include

1. Increased understanding and respect: By recognizing the common humanity that we

share with others, individuals are more likely to understand and respect each other’s
perspectives. This can lead to greater cooperation and collaboration, and can help to
reduce conflicts and tensions.
2. Improved well-being: By working together to address global challenges such as
poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation, individuals can contribute to
the overall well-being of the world and future generations.
3. Enhanced cooperation: When individuals view each other as part of a larger, global
community, they are more likely to work together to address shared challenges and
to find common solutions.
4. Increased sense of purpose: By viewing themselves as part of a larger, global
community, individuals are more likely to feel a sense of purpose and meaning in
their lives, as they work to make a positive contribution to the world.