2017 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2017), Jan.
05 – 07, 2017, Coimbatore, INDIA
Modeling and Dynamics of Infectious Disease: Big
Data Analytics
Chinmayee Mohapatra Manjusha pandey
School of Computer Engineering School of Computer Engineering
KIIT University KIIT University
Bhubaneswar, Odisha,India Bhubaneswar, Odisha,India
chinmayeemohapatra19@gmail.com manjushafcs@kiit.ac.in
Abstract— The rapid increase in population creates an issue in
handling and analyzing the population data for the traditional
data base management system. So Big data came into figure to
solve the issue. The main components of Big data are Hadoop
and Map-Reduce. Big data is more efficient in comparison to the
traditional data base system due to some of its basic features like
Velocity, Veracity, Volume , Verity and Value. Infectious disease
is the illness resulting from infection. This is caused by infectious
agents including Viruses, Prions, Bacteria, Nematodes etc.
Population dynamics is a branch of life science which includes
the study of population size and age composition of dynamic
system and the biological and environmental process managing
them.This proposed paper consider the Dengue Fever as an
infectious disease and divides the population dynamic into three
parts i.e. High Vulnerable, Mid vulnerable, Low vulnerable to
Dengue. And also suggest the preventive measure respectively
like Forced preventive for high vulnerable, Efficient preventive
measure for mid vulnerable and delayed preventive measure for
low vulnerable areas by utilizing the benefits of big data.
Keywords- Infectious Disease; Population Dynamics; Hadoop;
Map-Reduce;
I. INTRODUCTION
Infectious disease are caused by pathogenic micro-organisms
like bacteria,viruses, parasites, fungi (1). It spreads directly or
indirectly from one person to another. There are many types of
infectious disease are seen all over the world. Among them
dengue fever is one , which can convert a life to death.
Dengue fever is a mosquito borne infection that causes a
severe flue-like illness. So it is also called as break-bone fever.
Dengue fever has become vital international public health
concern for last few years. Dengue virus is primarily
transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti and Aedes
albopictus female mosquito(1). A mosquito bite can cause the
dengue disease and the virus the dengue viruses will multiply
and increase.
Population dynamics is the study of increase or
decrease in size and structure of population depending in the
time. Mainly population dynamics depends on the factors that
include rates of reproduction, death and migration(2). As the
world is changing and also the technology changing , so for
more efficient and accurate result Big data is used to store the
data and the process the data. Population also varies according
to geographic region like population is less in forest and hills
978-1-4673-8855-9/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
Siddharth Swarup Rautray
School of Computer Engineering
KIIT University
Bhubaneswar, Odisha,India
siddharthfcs@kiit.ac.in
in comparison to other areas. Cause of infectious disease
varies with population depending on the atmosphere.
II. Overview Infectious Disease (Dengue)
Dengue fever is commonly found in urban parts of
subtropical and tropical areas. The main cause of dengue fever
is mosquito bite. It’s seriousness varies from mild to severe.
The severe form of dengue includes dengue shock
syndrome(DSS) and Dengue hemorrhagic fever(DHF). DHF
occurs due to the virus like DV-1, DV-2, DV-3 and DV-4[3].
DV is a positive-stranded encapsulated RNA virus and is
composed of three structural protein genes, which encode the
nucleocapsid or core (C) protein, a membrane-associated (M)
protein, an enveloped(E) glycoprotein and seven non-structural
(NS) proteins. It is transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti
mosquito and also by Ae. Albopictus[4]. The Fig.1 shows the
life cycle of dengue virus , how they become adult from a egg
and increase their family.
Fig 1. Life cycle of Dengue Virus
The symptoms of infection usually begins 4-7days after the
mosquito bite. Dengue can be transmitted from one infected
person to another uninfected person through mosquito. DSS is
the worst form of dengue which can also result in death. Th
Fig.2 shows how the infection spreads from one person to
another through the mosquito. The symptoms of dengue fever
are[5]
 High fever
 Intense headache
 Pain behind the eyes
 Aching muscles and joints
 Vomiting and feeling nauseous
 2017 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2017), Jan. 05 – 07, 2017, Coimbatore, INDIA
 Bleeding from your mouth/gums, Nosebleeds
 Internal bleeding, which can result in black vomit and feces
 Small blood spots under your skin
 Heavy bleeding
 Blood vessels leaking fluid
 Death
Fig 2. Dengue infection life cycle
III. POPULATION DYNAMICS
Population dynamics is the study of life science which deals
with the study of change in population with time [6]. It also
affected by the atmosphere and disease. If in a particular
location a harmful disease is seen then automatically the
population of that area gets affected .Like Dengue is a very
harmful disease which has a bad effect on the population.The
Dengue fever mostly seen in the forestry areas where a large no
of tree present. And also the dengue mosquito are seen in the
most areas where the water is stored without proper care
IV. LITERATURE SURVEY OF BIG DATA IN DISEASE DIAGNOSIS
A discussion about Big data analysis for heart disease
detection system using map reduce technique, the causes of
Cardiovascular disease describes the basic challenges and
scope of big-data in Cardiovascular and also identifies the big-
data capabilities to support health-care. Similarly another paper
Proposed a mechanism for A review to predictive methodology
to diagnose chronic kidney disease [8].There are many papers
where big data is used to help people for diagnosis of disease
and also provides some preventives and also recommend drugs
for the patients. One of the model suggested allows one to
generate a “small” number of possible future scenarios and to
determine corresponding trajectories of infected population in
different regions. Then, this information is used to find an
optimal distribution of bed capabilities across countries/regions
according to each scenario [9].
V. PROPOSED PROTOTYPE
Fig 3. Proposed Mechanism
Since there are data sets from multiple sources and multiple
contexts, data pre-processing plays a vital role in formalizing
and formatting the data into a single context. The main part of
the pre-processing is the combining data which are
corresponding to geographical dynamics.The symptom are
collected from various resources like from hospital database
and also from the social media databases.The Fig.3 shows the
proposed frame work. The idea of disease can got from
internet by using the search engine concept like from which
place more search according to dengue fever then people in
that area are more effected. Data can be provide to the system
using tools for cleansing, abstraction and logical storage for
successful mining in the further steps. It’s become a difficult
task for database to manipulate such a large volume of data
which is coming with high velocity . So Hadoop come into the
figure, for efficient manipulation of data-set. Hadoop has two
main components are HDFS and Map-Reduce. This paper use
Map-Reduce methodology to save data in a globally classified
manner according to the population dynamics. Hadoop is the
recent tool to analyze the volume of data which is rapidly
increasing by Giga bytes, Tera Bytes, Peta Bytes, Zeta Bytes
and so on.
The proposed implementation done using some of the current
existing tools and techniques of big data analysis, some of
them like Hadoop, Map-Reduce. As the infection is increasing
day by day and more cases of dengue are coming into figure.So
the data set is also increasing rapidly so it becomes difficult to
handle the data for the traditional data base. Hadoop consist of
two main components that are storage
 2017 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2017), Jan. 05 – 07, 2017, Coimbatore, INDIA

and processing. Storage part deals with HDFS, Hadoop Similarly the % will be calculated for every population and
Distributed File System. HDFS leverages large block size and according to the % areas will be declared as low, Mid or high
moves computation where data is stored. A file can be vulnerable areas. And according to that it will be decided that
replicated into a number of times. HDFS breaks the larger files which type of preventive measure is needed i.e. If % lies in the
into smaller blocks and stores them in a cluster. The processing range of 0-30% then Low vulnerable and delayed preventive
part is done by Map-Reduce frame work. Map-Reduce measure can be taken . If it will lie between 30-60% then mid
programming helps to process massive amount of data in vulnerable so efficient preventive measure will be applicable
parallel in a efficient manner. The data set will be taken from and if it is more than 60% then it needs forced preventive
https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets. html . measure as it will come under highly vulnerable area.
Map-Reduce works in two phases mapping phase
ALGORITHM
and Reducing phase. By using Map-Reduce programming
1.Pre-nalysis Phase here the count of people is done, who are affected by the
dengue fever according to the population dynamics. In Map-
In this phase the input is taken into consideration.
Reduce the data set is divided into small chunks then those
Input→ Set of Attributes ( S )
chunks are mapped by the mapper function in a parallel
HF → High Fever
manner. The output of the mappers are automatically shuffled
IH → Intense headache
and stored by the frame work. The out put is sorted on the
PE → Pain behind the eyes
basis of key element i.e dengue. Here the data set is divided
V → Vomiting into three parts That are Highly vulnerable, Mid vulnerable
and Low vulnerable to dengue fever. And provides the
BM →Bleeding from Mouth /gums preventive measures to them respectively. Forced preventive
X →Set of instances taken for consideration measure for the area or population which is highly affected by
dengue or which is highly vulnerable to dengue fever.
X ={x1, x2, x3 ........... xn } Efficient preventive measure for the medium vulnerable area
π X Є ( S ) → HDFS and delayed preventive measure for low vulnerable
area/population to Dengue.
D = Set of distributed memory Here in Fig.4 example of Map-Reduce is given for
better understanding of the working process of Map-Reduce.
D=｛D1, D2, D3.......Dn｝ In this one file is taken into consideration, which belongs to a
X1 → D1 particular area. There are two results affected and not affected,
X2 → D2 affected means one person is affected by dengue and not-
X3 → D3 affected means that person is not affected by dengue. And
: according to the result it can be decided that the area is highly
Xn → Dn vulnerable or mid vulnerable or low vulnerable.

The instances are stored in the memory blocks like D1, D2,
D3 .... Dn . Same thing we will apply for the different
population.

2. Map-Reduce based Analysis Phase

In this phase the population is taken into consideration.

Let P is the total population divided into different parts
i.e. p1, p2 , p3....pn.
By using reduce phase we calculate the total no of people with
whom the symbols are found.

Now for population p1:

Number of people with Symptoms
％ of people affected= ×100
Total no of people in p1
Similarly , % will be calculated for every population. Fig 4.Working procedure of Map-Reduce
If 0-30% → Low vulnerable → Delayed Preventive Measures
30-60% →Mid vulnerable → Efficient Preventive Measures
≥ 60% → High vulnerable → Forced Preventive Measures
 2017 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI -2017), Jan. 05 – 07, 2017, Coimbatore, INDIA
VI .CONCLUSION
The combination of big data and health care improve the
process of disease diagnosis and also provides more efficient
preventives for the disease. This proposed system can be used
by the health wale-fare organization for a particular population
in which is in the suspect of dengue fever on the basis of
common signs and symptoms and get the result on the
diagnosis of dengue disease, i.e., highly vulnerable, Medium
Vulnerable and low Vulnerable to dengue. By this application
of big data it is possible to mark the dengue fever with a sort
period of time due to which step can be taken to save life by
preventing the spreading of dengue virus. The same
mechanism can be used for the diagnosis of other disease
which will help to protect the human-life and also the animals
life also.
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