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Ecology Notes
Ecology Notes
Ecology Notes
3.1-What is Ecology?
3.2-Producers & Consumers
3.3-Energy Flow in Ecosystems
3.4 Cycles of Matter
What is Ecology?
– Ecology is the scientific study of
interactions among organisms and
between organisms and their physical
environment.
Their physical environment is the
biosphere.
The biosphere extends from about 8 km
above Earth’s surface to as far as 11 km
below the surface of the ocean.
Interactions
Organisms respond to their environments and can change
their environments, producing an ever-changing biosphere.
Ecology and Economics
– Human economics and ecology are linked.
Humans live within the biosphere and depend
on ecological processes to provide such
essentials as food and drinkable water that
can be bought and sold for money.
Levels of Study in Ecology
• Organism—an individual living thing.
• Population—a group of individuals that belong
to the same species and live in the same area
• Community—an assemblage of different
populations that live together in a defined area
• Ecosystem—all the organisms that live in a
place, together with their physical environment
• Biome—a group of ecosystems that share
similar climates and typical organisms
• Biosphere—All of the places on Earth that
support life.
Biotic Factors
– A biotic factor is any living part of the
environment with which an organism might
interact, including animals, plants, mushrooms
and bacteria.
– If any nutrient is in
short supply—if any
wheel “sticks”—the
whole system slows
down or stops
altogether.
Nutrient Limitation in Aquatic
Ecosystems