MOTIVATION

"GUESS THE PICTURE"

PHYSICAL DISABILITY
EPILEPSY
ASTHMA
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
SPINAL CORD INJURIES
 OVERVIEW
Learners with Difficulty Walking and Moving
Physical Disability
Other Health Impairments
Typical and Atypical Development of Gross Motor
(Physical) Skills
Gross Motor Developmental Milestones
Types and Causes of Health Impairments, Physical
Disabilities, and Neurological Conditions
Etiology Mobility Impairment
Characteristics of Learners with Difficulty Walking and
Moving
 LEARNERS WITH DIFFICULTY
WALKING AND MOVING

The language that we use

in describing learners could
reflect and shape the way
we think about them.

Abesamis
PHYSICAL DISABILITY

Is a label given to a
vast range of
difficulties that have
to do with physical
functioning.

Abesamis
 OTHER HEALTH
IMPAIRMENTS
Refer to conditions of having
limited strength, vitality, or
alertness, which could limit
one's participation in
education.
Abesamis
 TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL
DEVELOPMENT OF GROSS
MOTOR (PHYSICAL) SKILLS
Gross motor (physical) skills
are those which require whole
body movement.

Abesamis
GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES

Possible Implications if Milestone not

Age Developmental Milestones
Achieved

• The individual performs various

• Poor locomotion muscle development and
activities such as rolling over front to
0-6 months delayed independent play ability are common
back and back to front, sitting with
issues in children.
support, and then sitting independently.

The individual crawls forward, reaches a

seated position, crawls on hands and • The child's sensory development, muscle
6-12 months knees, transitions into different positions, development, and play skills are delayed due to
pulls themselves to stand, walks, takes reduced exploration of the environment.
steps without support, and rolls a ball.

• The individual sits, crawls, and walks
with a wider gait and less clumsiness in
18 months
walking and running, and can push
against a ball without kick.
• Delayed play skills, difficulty interacting with
the environment due to delayed mobilization,
and poor muscle development are common
issues in children.

General
GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
Age Developmental Milestones Possible Implications if Milestone not Achieved

• The individual walks smoothly, turns

• Poor muscle development for running and
corners, starts running, can carry a toy,
jumping, delayed independent play and
2 years climbs from furniture, walks steps with
environmental interaction, and decreased social
support, and picks up toys without
interaction are common issues.
falling over.

• The individual can mimic standing,

• Social interaction decreases, body awareness
limb movements, climbing gyms,
and movement planning skills are poor,
3 years pedaling tricycles, walking stairs,
playground equipment usage is challenging, and
jumping, and using tip toes, while also
children lack confidence in active environments.
catching using their body.

• The individual can stand on foot for up
to 5 seconds, kick, throw, catch, run,
4 years
walk on a line, hop, and jump over
objects with both feet together.
• Children often struggle with confidence in
movement-based activities, using playground
equipment, and interacting with other children in
active environments like playgrounds.

Morano
GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
Age Developmental Milestones Possible Implications if Milestone not Achieved

• The individual can walk upstairs, walk

backward toe-heel, jump 10 times
without falling, skip forwards, hang from
5 years
a bar for 5 seconds, step forward with
leg on same side, and catch a ball using
handshake.
• Poor self-esteem, lack of confidence in movement-
based activities, difficulty participating in sporting
activities, and difficulty playing with moving toys
may result.

• The individual exhibits mature

throwing, catching patterns, and refined
• Participation in sports can be challenging,
jumping skills, demonstrating their
6 years potentially leading to low self-esteem and lack of
ability to walk on a balance beam, skip
confidence in movement-based activities.
using a skipping rope, and cover 2
meters when hopping.

Kitay
 TYPES AND CAUSES OF
HEALTH IMPAIRMENTS,
PHYSICAL DISABILITIES, AND
NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
EPILEPSY
Is a type disorder occurs
when abnormal electrical
discharges in the brain
cause a disturbance of
movement, sensation,
behavior or consciousness.

Ibarra
ASTHMA
Is a chronic lung
disease. Its symptoms
include wheezing,
coughing, and
difficulty breathing.

Ibarra
CEREBRAL
PALSY
A disorder of
movement and
posture.

Romano
Romano
SPINA
BIFIDA
Is the most common
neural tube defect,
which refers to
congenital
malformations of the
brain, spinal cord or
vertebrae.
Romano
MUSCULAR
DYSTROPHY
Is a group of inherited
diseases marked by
progessive atrophy or
wasting away of the
body's muscles.

Romano
SPINAL CORD
INJURIES
Is a group of inherited
diseases marked by
progessive atrophy or
wasting away of the
body's muscles.

Veluz
 ETIOLOGY MOBILITY
IMPAIRMENT
Limit an individual's ability to walk
and move around, and the causes of
which present at birth, while some
are due to illness or physical injury.

Veluz
CHARACTERISTICS OF LEARNERS
WITH DIFFICULTY WALKING AND
MOVING

In terms of their academic

and socioemotional
characteristics, some
cautiously stated comments
can be given.
Veluz
 GROUP 2 REPORTERS

Abesamis, Jayson T. General, Eiann A. Ibarra, Norie Joy D. Kitay, Arlene S. Morano, Chrizal Heart G.

Romano, Evie Mai Veluz, Mackinzzie D.

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LISTENING