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RADIATION in Space On Earth Mars Etc
RADIATION in Space On Earth Mars Etc
-jak sa to bardzo szybkie elrktrony, czyli maja duzo eV, to robia twarde
xrays,wieksza czestotliwosc
-Intensity of x-rays refers to the number of x-rays produced per second. It depends
on the number of electrons striking the target per second. This is controlled by
the filament (wlokno, zarnik) current. The higher the filament current the higher
number of electrons emitted and hence the greater the intensity of the x-rays.
As such, the material of the target must be one that has a high melting point like
molybdenum or tungsten. The anode should also be a good thermal conductor like
copper so as to ensure efficient dissipation of heat.
-Promieniowanie rentgenowskie:
-The inside proton belt contain protons with kinetic energies ranging from
about 100 keV, which can penetrate 0.6 µm of lead,
to over 400 MeV,
which can penetrate 15cm of lead, yes!, centimeters of lead!, not aluminium!
-outer belt > Energetic (radiation) particle fluxes can increase and decrease
dramatically!!! in response to geomagnetic storms
-a z Gamma to juz inna bajka, no masakra jest z nimi pod kazdym wzgledem
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No i wreszcie znalazlem zaleznosc miedzy napieciem przyspieszajacym
a tym co zostaje wypromieniowane:
-The minimum wavelength of the continuous X-ray spectrum is related to
the accelerating potential V of the "William Coolidge tube" = x-ray tube.
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-50.0-kV anode potential generates 50.0 keV electrons, which in turn can produce
photons with a maximum energy of 50 keV. Similarly, a 100-kV potential in an x-ray
tube can generate up to 100-keV x-ray photons
-X-ray tubes generally operate in the kV range 4kv to 150kv, im wieksza moc
strumienia elektronow to w huj ciepla sie wydziela na metalu/anodzie hamujacym
strumien przyspieszonych elektronow
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Typically, accelerating voltage is a few thousand Volts and cut off wavelength is
of the order of an Angstrom.
The intensity is the rate of energy flow per unit area. The energy of photons
increases when V
is increased. Thus, intensity also increases with an increase in the applied
potential.
However, intensity of
X-rays is generally controlled by the filament current. An increase in the filament
current increases its temperature which in turn increases the rate of electron
emissions (thermionic emissions). Thus, more number of electrons strikes the target
leading to increase in number of
X-ray photons.
The wavelength in continuous X-ray spectrum has a lower limit given by hc/eV. There
is no upper limit on wavelength. But.......... The shortest wavelength of X-ray
emitted by X-ray tube depends on the applied voltage V
with increase in applied voltage V, speed of electrons striking the anode is
increased or cut-off wavelength of the emitted X-rays decreases.
Further, with increase in number of electrons striking the anode more number of
photons of X-rays will be emitted. Therefore, intensity of X-rays will increase.
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no i ta ciekawostka:
-elektrony powyzej 30MeV przestaja przenikac przez aluminium,
a do 10MeV przenikaja na 2cm grube aluminium,
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