Geography of Tamil Nadu Free e-book

Geography of Tamil Nadu

Static GK is an important part of General Awareness section in Tamil Nadu Government Exams. Therefore, we
at Oliveboard regularly provide you with free current affairs e-books to aid you in your preparation.Questions
related to Tamil Nadu’s geography is commonly asked in various Tamil Nadu state examinations. To help you
in your preparations, we have compiled some important details of Tamil Nadu’s geography in this ebook.
In this e-book we will provide you with important facts about Geography of Tamil Nadu.

Sample Question

Q.1 Which district has the highest forest cover in Tamil Nadu?

A. Dharmapuri
B. Vellore
C. Dindigul
D. Erode

Answer – “D”

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Geography of Tamil Nadu Free e-book

Tamil Nadu Geography

Major geographical features of Tamil Nadu are as follows:

Feature Details
Capital Chennai
Area 130,058 km2 (10th largest state in India)
The coastline of Tamil Nadu has a length of about 1076 kms
Location 8° 5' and 13° 35' N
76° 15' and 80° 20' E
Border West – Kerala
East – Bay of Bengal and Puducherry
North-west – Karnataka
North – Andhra Pradesh
Planetary line Latitude - Neither tropic of Cancer nor Equator pass through TN
Longitude – Indian Standard Meridian does not pass-through TN
Physiographic divisions 5 major physical divisions –
• Kurinji or mountainous region
• Mullai or forest region
• Palai or arid region
• Marudham or the fertile plains
• Neidhal or coastal region
Mountainous region The Eastern and Western Ghats meet in Tamil Nadu and run along its eastern
and western boundaries.
Major Peaks -
• Doddabetta Peak (Height: 8650 feet, Location: Ooty, Udagamandalam,
Nilgiri District)
• Kolaribetta Peak (Height: 8629 feet, Location: near Ooty, Nilgiri
District)
• Mukurthi Peak (Height: 8304 feet, Location: near Ooty, Nilgiri District)
• Vandaravu Peak (Height: 8310 Feet, Location: Palani hills)
• Perumal Peak (Height: 8010 Feet, Location: Kodaikanal)

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Geography of Tamil Nadu Free e-book

Forest region in Tamil • The forest and tree cover of the State now is 30,952 sq km which
Nadu constitutes 23.80% of the total geographical area of the State (2.99% of
total India’s Forest Area)
• District-wise Forest cover shows districts like Erode (2,307 sq. km.),
Coimbatore (1,975 sq. km), Dindigul (1,876 sq.km), Vellore (1,813 sq.
km), The Nilgiris(1,719 sq.km) and Dharmapuri (1,698 sq.km) covers
higher forest cover.
• Major Forest Types in TN :
 Tropical Wet, Semi & Dry Evergreen
 Tropical Moist & Dry Deciduous
 Littoral & Swamp
 Tropical Thorn
 Sub-Tropical Broad-leaved hill
 Montane wet temperate
Rivers flowing through There are 115 big and small rivers in Tamil Nadu. There are 17 river basins in
Tamil Nadu TN – 1 Major, 13 Medium and 3 Minor basins)
Major rivers in Tamil Nadu
• Kaveri - Origin: Talacauvery in the Brahmagiri hills, Length in TN: 416
km
• Palar - Origin: Talagavara village in the Kolar district of Karnataka,
Length in TN: 222 km
• Then Pennaiyar- Origin: Nandi Durga hills in Karnataka, Length in TN:
247 km)
• Vaigai- Origin: Varusanadu hills of Western Ghats of TN, Length in TN:
258 km
• Thamirabarani - Origin: Pothigai Hills on the Western Ghats, Length in
TN: 128 km
Major Lakes Tamil Nadu is endowed with 39,202 lakes. Major lakes in TN include:
• Veeranam lake (Cuddalore district)
• Kaveripakkam lake (Vellore district)
• Panjapatti lake (Karur district)
• Maduranthakam lake (Chengalpattu)
• Chembarambakkam lake (Chennai)
Soil Major soil types in TN include :
• Red soils, (62 per cent - Sivagangai, Ramanathapuram)
• Black soils (12 per cent - Coimbatore, Madurai, Virudhunagar,
Tirunelveli, and Thoothukudi)
• Laterite soils (3 per cent - Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur, and Thanjavur)
• Coastal soils (7 per cent - Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam,
Villupuram, Cuddalore, Tirunelveli, and Kanyakumari)
Climate • Climate is tropical
• April and May are the hottest months of the year
• November to February is winter
• July to october is considered as the Monsoons
Rainfall • The average annual rainfall of the region ranges from around 25 to 75
inches
• Southwest Monsoon in Tamil Nadu starts in June and lasts till
September. The Northeast Monsoon in Tamil Nadu begins in October
and goes on till December

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