NUMBERS

NUMBERS IN DIFFERENT BASES AND

THEIR ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS

In this chapter Binary

system viz. Decimal number system,
latroduction, different types of number Hexa-decimal Conversion of
number system, number system;
pumber system, Octal number to Decimal
Decimal number to Binary number and vice-versa, conversion of Octal
vice-versa, Conversion of Hexa-decimal number to Decimal number and
number and Arithmetic
Interconversion of number system with different bases, Binarysubtraction,
vice-versa, and division, Octal addition and
viz. addition, subtraction, multiplication
Hexa-decimal addtion and subtraction.

Introduction
began with the existence of human beings in this universe.
The Pextc,is
concept of counting
The different. Due to lack of technology.
Counting technique of primitive people was quite bones for counting. It is also interesting to
primitive people used fingers, sticks, toes and
counting, However, the basic idea behind
know that fingers and sticks are still used in
counting still prevails
conscious about numbers and always tried to
With development, people became more
records of events, and large numbers. Hence,
develop some standard methods to keep existance.
the universal number systerns came into

Napier Stick Set Example Set

Fig. 1.1:Counting devices of early days

Number Systems
different forms. Each number
Number systems are the ways of representing numbers in base of
System involves a definite set of digits while writing a number. It is known as
the number.
For exampie, a number with base 5 will contain only five digits (i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4). In
general, we need to represent numbers under various number systems like Decimal (base
10), Binary (base 2), Octal (base 8) and Hexadecimal (base 16). Hence, in this chapter,
our discussion will be based on representing and manipulating the numbers only with
these bases.
Numbers
DecimalNumberSystem
countingand writing the numbers Hke 0, ,2,
awae of theresult of 5x7, you
ouan well ane asked whatis number.

in
wdont
vou
lL,et:.It hther about baseofthe
mathematisorour
mumber
davto
The
day activities, are all d
sstem, anumber is
imme
represented-by
diatey
reason simply is 3an,l4hse,w5,6e1rN.
tustm.
hat ro
J a davimal thebase of this number system is 10.
5678 0 Thus, numbers.
ar by detault
devimal
mean (2457),o where 10
Numbers rtet-
Rorcaamle. ASZ
Decimal Odometer
would
represents-the baseohdusi
V would be familiar with the speedometer which is used
inthe autonobile industry. It is used to indicate the speed of S

vanos vehicdes along with the distance covered by themWhen

yOL Purchase a vehice from a showroom, its speedometer
initially shows as:
0 0 0 0

In fact, it is a decimal odometer which is

based on the
prnciple of decimal number system. It uses the digits
to 9. It contains a set of 6 wheels. from 0
The numbers on each odometer
Digits from 0 to 9 are written on the wheel are called
wheel, hundreds wheel and so on wheels which are referred to as units whe
from left to right.
0
0
IIH TH H
U
The function and Fractional part
reading of wheels is
Initiaasl ythe, the reading in the
soon illustrated below:
moving as starts moving,odomet er
car
shown below. the (kilometrighter wheel
extreme
indicator) shows 0on
(i.e., the fractional part
allwhe

IIH TH Reading in km
FractionalPart

0 0

() 3

0
0
5
0
0
0 6
0 0 7
0
 Whenthe extreme right side wheel has moved one complete revolution, it will show
and will send acarry 1to the units wheel which will ndicate tthat the car has covered
distance. The process continues as 00001, 00002, .. ..0009 and when the
units wheel has completed one revolution, it will send carry 1to the tens wheel. Thus,
the odonmeter will show 00010 km.
the reading in
The proess of eading 0 and carrying 1to the next wheel willcontinue as shown below:
00019 km, 00020 km. After
00011 kn, 00012 km..
zero
covering à distance of 99 km, the units wheel and the tens wheel will again reset to
andthe hundreds wheel will advance by 1 to indicate 00100
km.
km.
Thus, this type of odometer can show maximum reading up to 99999
Binary Number System
binary digits (0's and 1's) came into
With the invention of computer, the concept of binary numbers. Bi means
existence. Dr. John Von Neumgn, developed the concept of
digits ( i.e, 0 and 1) to represent a
two. Anumber system that uso only twpes or Hence, the base of the number in
system.
binary
number, is known as the binary number is represented as_a pattern of ON and
computer, binary number
number system is 2. In
signals.
OFF ef the suntches or high and low
(1011101),, where 2 represents the base of binary numbeE
For example,
Binary Odometer only two wheels having only two
binary odometer uses
Unlike decimal odometer, a equivalent to decimal numbers is illustrated in the
reading
digits 0 and 1. The binary
table shown below:
Equivalent Binary Numbers
Numbers in Decimal Number System 0000
0001
1
0010
2 0011
3 0100

4 0101

5 0110
6 0111

7 1000

8 1001

9 1010 and so on..

numbers (base
10
understand, how decimal
observation, you can easily
From the above binary numbers (base 2). The next decimal
number
nted into binary as 0000. umber
 equivalentto decimal 3.
makingit NII, Now.
of
lchange
binary
to I
numlerar exhausted.
them with
Hence,
00,1t
a 1 willl be
will result in a to the
binary
placed both he rg1,
sitinby nylacing
thesane wav other
baseradix
numtbers oof the
binary
of a binary
sequence will
number is 2 as it uses
only
Note 1. The base/radix of a decimal number is 10, as it uses 10
be egetwqnuoeivraalteendt . cÁ
2. The di
dgls gts ar
from
Conversion of Decimal Number into Binary
To cRvert a numbeg from,
v Divide a decinmal 'number by 2(base of the
you need to Numberthese
perform
binary number) sers
gmainder. The remainder will be the least significant bit and
of the qu
bira
dotain
(LSB)
VDivide quotient by 2 and again obtain the next quotient
and
Repeat the above step unless quotient becomes 0.
The last remainder will be the most
remaindet.
significant bit (MSB) of
Arrange all the renmainders from MSB to LSB. It will the binary
be the
given decimal number.
binary equivak
Example 1:Conversion of (25),, into
binary number Example 2: Conversion of g
Solution: binary number
2 25 1 Solution:
LSB
2 12 2 85 1
2 2
0 42 0
2 3 21 1
2 1 1 2 10 0
MSB
2 5 1
2 2 0
2 1 1
Theretore, (25)0 =(11001), 0

InDeci m al
the above Binary to Therefore, (85),0 (10101014,
=
aequinumbervalent. Inexampl
To containinsegment , Conver
this es, you have seen si on
how
of real
numbers intto
in twoconvert realg integral
a
an you a
will see the whole number converted
is
jisb
whih
parts (i. e. deci mal (in te ger ) as conver
well s io n of a real number,
For exanple, integral number to its as
fractional part.
part
and the binary realn
the
equivalent, we divide
fractional partt separately).
 Eample 3 (099),,
Solution:
caty
0,95 x 2 1.90
090 x 2
080 x 2
L.60
0.60 x2 1.20
0.20 2 0,40
0.40 x2 0.80
0.80 x 2 0
l.60

Note: Stop
proceeding,. it he calculation repoats after 4
Hene (095) (0.1111001), iterations.
Exampl e 3i): Convert (0.25),, to
Solution: Binary
carry

0.25 x 2
0.50 x 2 0.50
1.00
The fractional part is 00
result is obtained as integerin the second iteration. Hence, the
parts of the products from top process stops here ana
Hence, (0.25)= (0.01), to bottom.

Conversion of Binary
To çonvert a number from Number
binary to decimal the following steps can
Multiply each digit of binary number with 20, be taken:
sjde towards left side of the 21, 2
number. respectively from
Add all the products to get the
4:
equivalent decimal number.
Convert (110101), to decimal number.
1 1 0 1 0 1
25 2
Binary No.
23 22 2 Power
32 16 8 4 2 1
Value
Hence, the required decimal number = (1 x32) +(1 x16)
+(0x8) +(1 x4) +(0 x2) +(
= 32 + 16 +0+ 4 + 0 +1

= (53)10
Example 5: Convert (1011100), to decimal number.
1 1 1 0 0
Binary No.
2 24 23 22 2 Power
64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Value
 Hence,the quired decimal number (1x6)+(0x3)+(| x16)+(1*9)+(1 x4)+(0*2)+ (0-1)
-64 +0 + 16 + 8+4 +0 +0
=(92),0
Comersionof Binary Fractional Number to Decimal Numbers
Aral binary number is divided intotwo parts (i.e. integral part and the fractional part).
ie. (10101.101),

Integral part Fractional part

You can convert a binary fractional number by taking the following steps:
Senl : Place the binary digits from right hand side to the left hand side into different
columns.
Step II : Begin writing the corresponding power of 2in increasing order such as 2", 2,
2 and so on from right hand side to the left hand side only for the integral
part in corresponding columns.
Step Il: Begin with the corresponding power of 2in decreasing order such as 2:, 22,
23 and so on from left hand side to the right hand side for the fractional part
in the corresponding column.
1 1 0 1
1 0 1

22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3

24 23

Step IV: Multiply each binary digit with the corresponding power of 2.
the number in decimal system.
Step V : All the values are then added together to get
An example is illustrated below:
(110101.101), = ( honan e

Integral part Fractional part

0 1 Binary No.
1 1 1 0 1
22 23 Power
2! 20 2-1
25 24 23 22
0.125 Value
1 0.5 0.25
32 16 4 2

16) + (0 x 8) + (1 x 4) +(0 x 2) +
Hence, the required number = (1 x32) + (1 x +(0x 0.25) + (1 x 0.125)
(1 x 1)+ (1 x 0.5) (53.625),0
0+ 0.125 =
= 32 + 16 + 0 + 4 +0+ 1+ 0.5 +

Octal Number System

represented with
Ao,Paata
base-& It-involves eight types of-digite to
ADumberin octal system is to address
6, 7. Octal numbers are used
number The digits can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
WIite a
registers and counters in acomputer.
For example,
(4105) Base of the number
 Evample 12: (605.1204), =(
Solution:
5 1 2 Octal Number
4
81 82 83 g4 P'ower
1 0.125 0.015625 0.0019531 0.0002441 Value

Thus, the required number =(6 x64) +(0 x8) +(5 x1) +(1 x0.125) +(2 x0.15625)
+ (0 x 0.0019531) + (4 x 0.0002441)
= 384 + 0+5 + 0.125 + 0.3125 + 0 + 0.0009764
=(389.4384764),0
Conversion from Octal to Binary (shortcut method)
Ae discussed earlier, an octal number system uses the digits from 0 (zero) to 7 (seven).
We can directly write equivalent binary of each octal digit (0 to 7) by using 3bits form
as shown:

Octal Digit Binary equivalent in 3 bits form

0 000
1 001

2 010

3 011

4 100

5 101

6 110

7 111

octal
To convert an octal whole number into its binary equivalent number, Write each
digit into binary in a combination of 3bits (as shown in the above table). The complete
set of bits will be binary equivalent of the given octal number..
Few examples are illustrated below:
Example 13: Convert (312), to binary number.
Solution: Arss,Past-c
2 Octal Number
3 1

011 001 010 Binary equivalent

Therefore, Binary number = (011 001 010),

Example 14: Convert (704), to binary number.
Solution: Octal Number
7 4

111 000 100 Binary equivalent

Therefore, Binary number = (111 000 100),

Ekample 15: Convert (4357.241), to its binary equivalent.
Solution: their binary equivalent
Arrange the octal digit in each column as shown and then write
TOm the above table in the respective column as shown below:
Numbers 13
 tal Number
010
(01 Binary equivalent
Theton. Binary numtr (l0001 01 111010 00 001),
Example l6: Convert (7012.345)% to binary equivalent.
Solution:
1 3 4 5 Octal Number
111 0 010 011 100 101 Binary equivalent
Iheneton, Bìnary nunmber =(11l 000 001 010.011 100 0
Conversion from Bìnary to Octal (shorteut method)
lou can onvert any
form by using the binary number (whole number/eal number) to its equivalent
following methods:
First Method
Convert the given bìnary number into its
into its equivalent decimal form and then conve
equivalent octal form (explained earlier).
Second Method
To conert a binary number
dinctly
shsó,
to its
Pot=
pumbers in 3 bits form from right hand side equivalent octal number. group the bi
in the beginning of the left towards left
most group to maintain it in 3hand side. However, add ze
Eor eaampie- (10100HHO), bits (if required).
Grouping in 3 bits farm: 010-i0- Q110
Convert each group of three bits in
binary number. decimal to obtain octal equivalent of the gi
Hence, octal number will be: (2536),
Few more examples are illustrated below:
Example 17: Convert (1100101), to Octal equivalent.
Solution:

001 100 101

5
Binary number
Therefore, Octal number = (145)% Equivalent Octal
Example 18: Convert (11001101110), to Octal eqy
Solution:

011 001 10

3 1
nary number
Therefore, Octal number = (3156); alent Octal
In general, the second method is preferred be
the task.
 Conversion from Binary to Octal of Real Numbers
case, a neal binary number is divided into two parts (ie. integer part and fractional
Inthis
Par).
(11001101.00101), = ( However,
the binary numbers of the integer part in 3 bits from right to left. zeros
Now, group
fractional part is to be done in 3 bits from left to right. You can add to
grouping of
the lett hand side and right hand side of integer and fractional parts respectively
h (if required).
the number of bits into a group of three bits
make
exampleis illustrated below:
An Binary number
001 010
011 001 101 Equivalent Octal
12I 2
1
1 5
3

number = (315. 12)% then it is to be

maintained
Therefore, Octal bits form
digit has less than 3
binary equivalent of an octal before the binary digits.
Note: If form by adding 0's
in three bits
Hexa-decimal Number SystemA.Pat
number system
represents
hexa-décimal of
Obviously, written by using 16 types_
to 9.as
and decimal means 10. hexa-decimal number It uses digits from 0 letters
is
Hexa mneans 6 base 16 (6 + 10). A F. of
and, A, B, C,D, E and represented in terms unlike other
numbers with 6, 7, 8, 9 digits are Hence,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, sIX
rest of the of digits from 10 to
15.
digits like 0,number system but representationalphanumeric digits.
decimal symbolic uses
in are system
E They hexa-decimal
ie. Atosystems, base of the number] NumberSystem
is the Hexadecimal
number (1AB2C),, [16 Representation in
For example,Decimal Number A

B
10
C
11
D
12
E
13
F
digits.
14 16
as it uses
system is 16
15
Number 15). To
Hexa-decimal (0 to
digits hexa-decimal
Generating ofa Hexa-decimalNumbers usesrespectively. 16
types ofHence, numbers.
The base hexa-decimal decimal
toF order of numbers are
in from A same hexa-decimal be
a
number
uses
letters in the numberwillbe
above, 15it (F)are
written The
hexa-decimal will
disCussed 10 to will be 10. numbers
hexa-decimal
As digitsfromfrom 0 to15decimal 16 . . ,1F Next hexa-decimal
equivalent
represent numbers equivalent of 1B,
1A, sequence of
equivalent ..., 19, with their
hexa-decimal 12, 13, the
11, numbers in bersalong 15
But, generatedasontaining
other deei Numbers
further way,
same
the
 evdimat vale
Binary Fquivalknt
N NNNYne (i000),
om Hexa-decimal to Binary of Real Numbers
as shown low and then
rt i ntheave taeàn the nswtiie coumn

Hexatamal Nambet
Headainal valae

1000 Binary EquN alent

Oversion from Bìnary to Hevadecimal Number

IR gner egalcnt bainal tormt gnup the binary dgits
aNR hani siçe lou can dd zns to the lett to make the grup n

Aang biar dgis in eat oumn and then wnte the hexaeimal
eknt the are able the stive olumn.
Eanpie Convert (I2000110i11), to hevadecimal number.
Solutin

Binary number
Equivalent hexadaial
Thenetare the nguinnd hexaaimal number =(a76
Eample 2 Convert (111011 1100), to hexadecimal number.
Solution

011 1011 I100 Binary number

12 Equivalent hexadrimal

Therefore, the equired headecimal numter =(3BC),

Coaversion from Binag Red ofReal Numbers
Arlbirzn number an be ivided into two pirts (e. întegral part and fractional part).
LiN 0i 0101100 101), = (
Nx, you have to goup the binary digits of the integer part in 4 bits form right to
ie However, the gruping of fractional part is to be done in 4bits from let to right.
Numbers
Binary Addition manner as decimal
Binary addition is erfomed in the same addition table for
has onlyv wo digits (0 and 1) and hence, the
simple. The table for binary addition is given.Pto
addibinarytion. Binary
Rules
Ir0 (zero) is added to
Meaning
anothert 0(zero), then the
arithnetie
00-0

01-1 I0(zero) is added to 1, the result is

1 result is 0(Zero)
result is 1
1+0-1 Iisadded to 0(zero), then the
result is 10, ofwhich
1"1-0and Ilis addedto 1, then the we
outtothe next higher significant write
Cariv
Over 1
sum and l as carry

the result is 11, of which we

digit.0(zeroj as the
1+1+1-1 and If 10is addedto 1, then significantdigit. write 1 as
carry over 1to the next higher suf ar
Over 1

Fewexanmples are illustrated below.

Example 29: (1001), + (101),
Solution: Carry over
1
1001

101
1110

Ans. (1 110),
Example 30: (110010), + (11011),
Solution:
1 1 Carry over
110010
1101 1
1001 101

Ans. (1001 101 ),

side while addine
Digits are to be arranged from right hand side to the left hand
Binary

Binary Subtraction
to the decimal subtraction. The subtraction co
Binary subtraction takes place similar
corresponding digits.
of two steps, which are repeated for
the upper digit, then borrow 1fromdigthe
Step I :If the lower digit is larger than Borrowing 1 from the higher significant
higher significant upper digit.
2 (base of the binary numi
update the lower significant digit by adding table for binary
subtra
digit. The
Step II : Subtract the lower digit from the Pper
is given below: Ars7,Poo
Rules Meaning result wil
0 (zero), thenthe
If 0 (zero ) is subtracted from another
0-0= 0 (zero)
result will be 1
1-0 =1 If0 (zero) is subtracted from 1, then the
1-1=0 If 1 issubtracted from 1, then the result will be 0

Understanding ISC Computer Science-XI

22
 Rules
Vdrs,Potb
Meaning
0-1=1, with aborrow If1issubtracted from 0(zero), then the result will be 1, with a borrow
trom the next higher from the next higher significant digit to the next lower significant digit.
signihcant digits
Some examples are illustrated below:
Example 31: Subtract (10010), from (100101),
Solution:
0 0

100 1 0
0 100 1 1=(10011),

Note: When 1 is subtracted from 0(zero), you are to borrow 1from the next higher significant
digit.

Example 32: Subtract (11011), from (100100),

Solution:
1st Column Number
6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd
Borrow
1 0 1:,
1 0 0
1
0 1 1
1 1

1 0 1
0 0

=(1001),
from the second left column and it has the binary digit 0 (zero),
Note: When you borrow 1 and borrow 1 (as illustrated above). At the same time,
then move to the thírd left column
binàry digit 0(zero) becomes 1 and thus the subtraction continues.
the value of the
Similar is the case in the 6th Column.

Example 33: Subtract (100110), from (1000010),

Solution: Column Number
3rd 2nd 1st
7th 6th 5th 4th
Borrow
0 1 1 1
1
1 0
0 1
1

0
1 1
0 0 1
 /ars8,Psto
es for miplicelio Meaning
MO(zeo) is multipiled to arber D(zero), then the result is

1-0 H0 (zero) is mliplieá to 1, hen the seslt is 0(zero)

110-0 W1smuliplied to 0(zeroj, tem the result is 0(zero)
E1is mudiglied to 1, them the result is 1
Aer multiplication, yo
Bustrated in the table earliet.ate to add the binary digits. The rule for binary additig
Few examples of
birary multiplication are illustrated below.
Example 34 Multiply (1910), and (101),
Solution:
10
1 11 0
10 1
1 0 1

10 1
1 1
1
Thus, (1010), (101), =(110010),
Example 3%,
Solution Multiply (1101), and (100),
0 1
1
0

1
Thus, (119l), (109), (11 0

Example 34r Multiply (0.

Solution:

0
1
1 11
1
 Rules for division
/Ans8,Pant
Meaning
If0 (zero) is divided by another 0(zero), then the result will be 0(zero).
However, it is meaningless.
0+1=0 If0 (zero) is divided by 1 (one), then the result will be 0 (zero).
1-0=0 If1(one) is divided by 0 (zero), then the result will be infinite.
1+1 If1(one) is divided by another 1(one), then the result will be 1(one).
Let us take examples to illustrate these rules:
Example 37: Divide (1011011), by (101),
Solution:
101)1 0 1 1 0 1 1 (10010 Quotient
10 1
0 10 1
1 01
1 Remainder

Thus, Quotient = (10010),

Remainder = (1),
Example 38: Divide (1010011.1010), by (100),
Solution: Quotient
100)1 0 1 0 01 1.10 10 (10100.1110
10 0
1 0 0.
1 00
1 11
100
11 0
1 00
10 1
10 0
Remainder
1 0

Thus, Quotient = (10100.1110)2

Remainder =(10),
Octal Addition in the same way as we add two
another octal number
An octal number is added to
numbers perform the following steps:
decimal numbers. To add twooctal both the numbers from the least significant
digits of
Dep 1: Add the corresponding digit.
diãit to the nÍst significant
 Hexa-decimalSubtraction subtraction also takes
subtraction,
hexa-decimal
to
isadded the next lower
place in
way:. When
and octal
Likedecinalborrowistakenfrom
(A6B4),,
a digit
then16

from (D8E7),,
signif ca
Subtract
Example47:
Solution: D8E7
A6B4 Ans, = (3233),6
3 233
Difference =
(9B4F),, from(C5D2),
Example 48: Subtract
Solution: 18
B 21 C

9 B4F
Ans. = (2A83),6
2A83
Ditterence =
subtraction:
Explanation of above borrowed from next higher significas
: 2 is less than F (15). Hence, 1is Further, 18 - 15 = 3
Step 1 and makes it 18. = 8.
Itadds 16 to 2 changing it to C. Hence, C-4
given from D significant
Step 2 :A borrow is Hence, 1 is borrowed from next higher
(11).
Step 3 :5 is less than 5Band makes it 21. Further, 21 - 11 = A.
It adds l6 to it to B. Hence, B-9 =
2.
given from C changing
Step 4 : Aborrowis

Exercises
PART A

1. Fll in the blanks:

two digits ...)..... .nd
1. The binary system consists of
the digits from . . . . .t0
2. Adecimal number system uses
3. The base in a decimal
number system is ..LO.
with..........s the base.
Qaastig
4. Abinary number system is written LSB... an
remainder is known as
5. In a decimal to binary conversion, the, first
last remainder is MSB(mtniicotb3
6. 20 =
deeloped the concept of Binary Number system,
8. The number represented with base eight (8) is known as
9. The binary equivalent of hexa-decimal digit Eis oc
10. A number system that uses alphanumeric digits, is known as
II. Complete the table:
0 +.0. =0 0-0 =Q.. 0x0 =O. 0 +0. = 0
. +0=1 L.0 =1 1x1 =1.. 01 -0.
1+1 =lo 1-1 =O. 1x...Q. = 0 1+.1. =1
0+1 =.1. 0-1 1. 0. x 1 =0 +0= Infin

28 Understanding ISC Computer Science-XI

Im. Tick the appropriate answer:
1. Binary multiplication is possible with:
(a) 0 and 1 (b) 0ando (c) 1and 1 d ) AlI of the above
2. The base of an octalnumber is represented by:
(a) 2 b8 7 (c) ( d ) None
3. Toconvert an Octal number to its binary equivalent, each Octal digit is expressed into:
\a) 3 bits form (b) 4 bits form (c) 8 bits form (d) All of the above
4. Sixteen raised to the power zero (16) is equivalent to:
(a) 0 (c) 0and 1 (d) None
5. An octal number system uses the digits from:
(a) 0 to 8 (b) 1 to 8 eoto7 (d) All of the above
6. The base of a Hexadecimal number is represented by:
(a) H16 (c) 15 (d) None
7. In a Hexadecimal number system 'B represents the digit:
Y 11 (b) 12 (c) 14 (d) 13
8. To express a Hexadecimal number to its Binary equivalent, each Hexadecimal digit is
expressed into:
(a) 2 bits form (b) 3 bits form 4 bits form (d) None
9. The binary equivalent of a Hexadecimal digit 12 (C) is represented by:
(a) 1010 (b) 1011 (c) 1101 Y 1100
10. The Hexadecimal equivalent digit of 1011(4 bits form) is:
(b) F (d) C
(a) E
PART B

1. Coert the following to their binary equivalents:

2. (999),0 (8540
784),0 4. (1423))0
V(1401),o
5. (478.75),0 (165.35),0
V (277.27)0 (3222),0
I. Perfprm the following:
1010110), to ( (uo01), to (
4.g0101011), to(
(110011), to ( V(10100.1), to (
5. (1010.001), to (
(1010.111), to ( 1010.0111), to(
II. ad the following binary numbers:
1. (1101111), + (1011011),
 PART C

L.Answer the following questions:

1. Give abrief concept of counting system of primitive people.
2. What do you understand by Decimal Odometer? a
vith? Rien
3. What are the different types of number systems thae a computer deals with?
4 What do you understand by Binary Number system? a5
5. Explain Decimal Number system with an
6. How will you convert:
(a) Adecinmal number to abinary number
(b) Abinary number to a decimal number
(c) An octal number to abinary number p 3
(d) Abinary number to a Hexa-decimal nufmber
binary number to an octal number Pa ,20
(e)() A
A hexa-decimal number to an octal number,
7. What are the rules to perform: moyontogcttl.
(a) Binary Addition
8. Write down the rules fot:
Bg22 (b) Binary Subtraction
Pg22,23
@) BinaryyouMutiplication Pg 24 (b) Binary Division
9. What do understand by
(a) An Octal numberI (b) A Hexa-decimal number15
10, Give two differences between:
neoa) Binary number and Decimal number
(b) Octal number and Binary number
(c) Hexa-decimal and Octal number
performed in Binary arithmetics.,
11. Name the different types of operations that can be
y Complete the following table:
Hexa-decimal Digit Binary Equivalent
Octal Digit Binary Equivalent
5 io1
8 lo00
7
11 Ho
1 O01
4 oloo
15
6
9 dool
3 611