Name: Sina Moradi Quantitative research Dr.

Amiri Group 41

Topic:
The impact of AI systems on learner-instructor interaction in online learning environments.

Research Questions:

 How do students and instructors perceive the impact of AI systems on learner-instructor

interaction (communication, support, and presence) in online learning?

 What are the boundaries beyond which AI systems are perceived as invasive or negative?

Methods:

 The study used semi-structured interviews conducted via Zoom.

 The “Speed Dating with storyboards” method allowed participants to quickly experience and
reflect upon various forms of AI systems that could potentially be present in online learning
environments.

Instruments:

 A set of eleven four-cut storyboards for diverse use cases of potential AI systems in online
learning, which were used to elicit responses during the interviews.

 Semi-structured interview script containing specific questions to guide the discussion and
capture perceptions about each AI scenario portrayed in the storyboards.

Data Collection:

 Audio recordings and transcripts of interviews with 12 students and 11 instructors who had
experience with online learning.

Data Analysis:

 Reflexive Thematic Analysis approach was used where initial coding was done for intriguing
statements, followed by coding based on learner-instructor interaction factors from Kang & Im
(2013). Conflicts in themes were resolved through discussion among the authors.

 An iterative discussion process among authors was used to refine themes that describe the
impact of AI systems.

Results:

 AI was seen as a double-edged sword, with potential for personalized instruction and improved
communication, but also with risks of violating social boundaries, causing issues of responsibility,
agency, and surveillance.

 Students and instructors both saw benefits in terms of increased quantity and quality of
communication and support, as well as enhanced presence. However, the potential invasion of
privacy and loss of human agency due to over-reliance on AI were causes for concern.

Implications:
Name: Sina Moradi Quantitative research Dr.Amiri Group 41

 Practical implications for enhancing AI literacy among students and instructors to mitigate
unrealistic expectations about AI.

 Ethical considerations and the need for explainability and human-in-the-loop in AI systems to
maintain student agency and avoid potential harms.

 The need for careful management of student data to avoid surveillance and privacy issues, while
establishing clear data norms.

Source: Kyoungwon Seo, Joice Tang, Ido Roll, Sidney Fels & Dongwook Yoon (2021) The
impact of artificial intelligence on learner–instructor interaction in online learning, International
Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18:54,