doses 09/08/2022

# Entrega proyecto 29 de noviembre

Fundaciones transferir apropiadamente los de la supr estructura al subsuelo

→
cargos .

↳
↳
alejarnos de Rotura ( suelo )
evitar deformaciones .

HA
→ El suelo es mucho Más flexible y menos Resistente
kgflcm
≥
0-100
↓↓↓↓t~

* / suelo bueno )
10 -1s kgf /una
drddtrddddladd LTO kyf/m2
~
95 -
lo

Blanchot <
Lllorgo)
' '

→
Tipos de fundaciones E
☒
^
•
Superficiales DFIB ? 3 Hunt

Df

silo de fundación
•
profundos DFIB 5,10-15 v
↳↳ ¿ www.u.no
.

Fundaciones superficiales .

(cepos)

• B. =L Cuadrados → Columnas
-

L
• LÍIOB Corridos → Muros
\

' '

B • L < IOB
rectangular → columnas
( cepos )

Estanques ( Estructura cilíndrica ) :

Autor
 la superficie
Supongamos una Zopota opoyoda en
,

B
• La Realidad los tensiones no son uniformes
< , es
que .

÷ •
por ejemplo ,
pon suelos granulares está más confinado en el centro
EI = 00
el borde
✓ que en .

• suelos arcillosos si produce concentración de tensiones más marcada en los bordes

" '" ' ' ' ' ' '' '

i :
↓ " " ddddd (d)
concentración de
←
¡
Tensiones
(b) → Suelo arcilloso
↓ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ y
' '
i
Elo
'
)
HHH ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
,

¡
¡ ! (c) → suelo + Gromhr - resistencia ló)

zopoto BXL
B
I I

-
01×1=1 +
M -
✗

B. L

11/1 / 1/1 TE
Saint-Venant ( toros plomos pormoneeen plomos)
p ~ EI = 00 ( cuerpo rígido) ~

M
g.
✓
6M
Omax ¥
'
•
= ±

}
"
= 132L
"
= min
están desacoplados .

0min
Omóx
01PM)

sea e ,
la exunhiidod ,
igual a : ⇐
¥ ( vhdods de
longitud )

omx
min
=
# ± =

:( a ±
÷)
no siempre
voy a d- súwr con esta condición .

# Emoción es válida en lo medido

que 0mn ≥o 1- ¥ > o Í%

Si 0mn < O implica que leiste levantamiento de la zopota .

( % trae lonpr < 100% )
B12
, ,

p
a- [ Fu -0 -
:
120min -
a -

L = P
"

↑ A ^
↑
P
Omóx [M = o :
P.IE E) - = M
(B- a) a

I I I
?⃝
ICE3623-Fundaciones

Formas y dimensiones de fundaciones superficiales (Coduto, 2001)

Uso de viga de fundación (Coduto, 2001)

 DIMENSIONING FOOTINGS SUBJECTED
TO ECCENTRIC LOADS

By William H. Highter, 1 M. ASCE and John C. Anders 2

INTRODUCTION
Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by Pontificia Universidad on 08/18/15. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.

Eccentric loading of shallow foundations occurs w h e n a vertical load

is applied at a location other than the centroid of a footing, or a footing
is subjected to a m o m e n t as well as a concentric vertical load. In the
latter case, the vertical load can be transferred to a n eccentric position
defined by
M. , Mb
and ei =
eb = — ~p~ W
in which P = vertical load; Mh and M i = m o m e n t s about the short and
long axes of a rectangular footing, respectively; and eh a n d ex = eccen-
tricities of the load P about the centroid of the footing in the direction
of the short and long axes, respectively.
Analysis of an eccentrically loaded footing requires consideration of
the structural design a n d bearing capacity. The approach usually used
in structural design is to assume that the contact pressure at the bottom
of the footing is planar. If the eccentric loading is within the kern of the
footing, the contact pressure distribution can be obtained from the flex-
ural formula. If, however, t h e eccentric loading is outside the kern, a
trial and error graphical procedure m u s t be used, based on: (1) The as-
sumption that the contact pressure varies linearly from zero at the neu-
tral axis to a maximum at a point farthest from the neutral axis; a n d (2)
the requirement that t h e resultant of the soil contact pressure m u s t co-
incide with the point of application of the applied load, P. Teng (5) p u b -
lished a table (for circular footings) and a figure (for rectangular footings)
that gave factors from which the maximum contact stress could be cal-
culated. Even with this, the structural design of footings subjected to
eccentric load is an iterative procedure. More recently, Jarquio and Jar-
quio (1) presented a direct m e t h o d of designing a rectangular footing
w h e n the maximum contact pressure is specified and the contact stresses
are compressional everywhere beneath the footing, i.e., the flexural for-
mula is applicable.
The approach often used to determine the bearing capacity of a footing
subjected to an eccentric loading is based on Meyerhof's (2) observation
that "at the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation the distribution
of contact pressure is not even approximately linear, and a very simple
solution of the problem is obtained by assuming that the contact pres-
'Prof. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. 37996.
2
Geotechnical Engr., Soil and Material Engrs., Inc., Blountville, Tenn. 37617.
Note.—Discussion open until October 1, 1985. To extend the closing date one
month, a written request must be filed with the ASCE Manager of Journals. The
manuscript for this paper was submitted for review and possible publication on
March 27, 1984. This paper is part of the Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,
Vol. I l l , No. 5, May, 1985. ©ASCE, ISSN 0733-9410/85/0005-0659/$01.00. Paper
No. 19696.

659

J. Geotech. Engrg. 1985.111:659-665.

 sure is identical to that . . . for a centrally loaded foundation but of
reduced width." Meyerhof suggested that when there is two-way ec-
centricity, the procedure be extended "by finding the minimum effective
contact area . . . such that its centroid coincides with that of the load."
Meyerhof's approach is preferable to an alternative method of deter-
mining bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded footings which considers
Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by Pontificia Universidad on 08/18/15. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.

maximum contact pressure because experimental evidence supports the

concept of a reduced, effective area; furthermore, Meyerhof's experi-
ments showed that the alternative method gives rather conservative re-
sults for clays. For sands, the results are "reasonable for small eccen-
tricities but unsafe for greater eccentricities."
Having calculated the reduced or effective area, A', of a footing sub-
jected to an eccentric load using the Meyerhof procedure, and defining
L' as the longest dimension of the effective area, the effective width, B',
is then calculated from
A'
B (2)
'=F
The effective area is thus assumed to be rectangular.
In analysis, these effective dimensions are then used in the well-known
bearing capacity equation (3,4) to determine the allowable load, Q, on
the footing:
/ B' \A'
Q = \kcdcicCNc + X^d^yDfN,, + \ydyiy — yNyJ — (3)

in which FS = an appropriate factor of safety; Nc, Nq and Ny = bearing

capacity factors for a continuous footing; 7 = unit effective weight of the
soil; C = undrained shear strength of the soil; \ c , X, and \y = shape
factors used for other than continuous footings; dc, dq and dy = factors
used to account for the increase in bearing capacity due to the strength
of the soil above the foundation level; ic, /', and iy = factors used to
account for the inclination of a concentric load; and Df = minimum dis-
tance from ground level to the bottom of the footing. Note that since
the last term in Eq. 3 (which contains B') vanishes for cohesive soil (Ny
= 0) but not for cohesionless soils, the effect of eccentricity is more pro-
nounced for footings on sands than on clays.
In design, determining the bearing capacity of a footing from Eq. 3 is
always an iterative procedure because, while the design objective is to
dimension the footing, the shape factors depend on the relative dimen-
sions of the footing. When the loading is eccentric, the design is more
cumbersome because the process of finding the reduced effective width
and area of a footing subjected to an eccentric load is time-consuming.
The eccentricity of the applied load is easily determined from vertical
load and moment data, but since determining the dimensions of the
footing is the purpose of the design procedure, the reduced (effective)
dimensions cannot be found directly. To aid the engineer, normalized
design charts for determining effective dimensions have been prepared
and are presented here. The design process necessarily remains itera-
tive, but the design charts will enable the engineer to design circular or

660

J. Geotech. Engrg. 1985.111:659-665.

 rectangular footings subjected to eccentric loads much more easily and
faster than was previously possible.

ONE-WAY ECCENTRICITY

For rectangular footings subjected to one-way eccentricity, where the

Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by Pontificia Universidad on 08/18/15. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.

load is applied along a line joining the midpoints of opposite sides of

the footing, the effective foundation dimensions are
B' = B-2eb and L'= L when ex = 0 [Fig. 1(a)] (4)
and B' = B and L' = L - 2et when eb = 0 [Fig. 1(b)] (5)
Because of symmetry, eccentric loading on a circular footing is always
one-way. Normalized solutions for A'/R2 and B'/R are shown in Fig. 2
as a function of Er/R in which E, = eccentricity of the load and R =
radius of the footing. To use this graphical solution, enter Fig. 2 with
the eccentricity Er (calculated from load and moment data) and a known
footing radius. The effective dimensions A' and B' can then be deter-
mined and used in the bearing capacity equation to analyze the bearing

?3J

2«l
(W.

FIG. 1.—(a) Single Eccentricity (ex = 0); (ft) Single Eccentricity (eb = 0)

• H
ff

1 n \
\
R*
\
\
\ A1 L' i erv/A

"
\
\
\
\
\
B'
R!

\
\
\ s
i
1.0 \ s
\
\ N
\,
0.0
0.0 0.1 02 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

FIG. 2.—Normalized Effective Dimensions for Circular Footing

661

J. Geotech. Engrg. 1985.111:659-665.

 capacity of the footing. In design, the procedure is iterative and radii
are assumed until a footing having an acceptable safety factor is ob-
tained.

TWO-WAY ECCENTRICITY
Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by Pontificia Universidad on 08/18/15. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.

When the eccentricity is in both directions, the problem is more com-

plex because the designer does not know the shape of the effective area.
For rectangular footings, there are four possible cases, depending on the
magnitudes of ei/L and eb/B. In developing these figures, the eccentric
load was assumed to act in the first quadrant of the rectangular footing.
Case 1.—In Case 1, e-^/L S 1/6 and eb/B g 1/6, and the effective area
is triangular (Fig. 3). The normalized dimensions of the effective area
can be calculated directly:
B1_1.5-3e„ Li = L5_-_3e i
B B L L
The effective area A' can be calculated from Bi and L j . Letting L'
equal the larger of Bx and Li, B' is then calculated using Eq. 2. In lieu
of Eq. 6, the uppermost curves of Figs. 4 and 5 can be used to find
Li/L as a function of ej/L, and B1/B as a function of eb/B, respectively,
for Case 1.
Case 2.—In Case 2, eb/B < 1/6 and 0 < ex/L < 0.5. Entering Fig. 4
with e : /L and eb/B, locate et/L on the ordinate and move to the right
until the first radial line corresponding to eb/B is encountered. The ab-
scissa value corresponding to this point is L2/L. Moving further to the
right across the broken line, a second radial line corresponding to eb/B
will be found. The value on the abscissa corresponding to this point is
Lx/L. The effective area A' can then be calculated knowing L-i and L 2 ;
L' is the larger of Lx and L 2 , and B' is found from Eq. 2.
Case 3.—In Case 3, e%/L < 1/6 and 0 < eb/B < 0.5. this case is similar

\
X//®-
l
/.

FIG. 3.—Case 1: Effective Area (eb/B g 1/6 and e,/L £ 1/6)

662

J. Geotech. Engrg. 1985.111:659-665.

Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by Pontificia Universidad on 08/18/15. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.

FIG. 4.—Case 2: Normalized Effective Dimensions (and LJL for Case 1)

FIG. 5.—Case 3: Normalized Effective Dimensions (and BJB for Case 1)

to Case 2 except that the base of the trapezoidal effective area is L (Fig.
5). Bx and B2 are found from Fig. 5; A' is then calculated knowing Bx
and B 2 ; L' = L; and B' is found from Eq. 2.
Case 4.—In Case 4, eb/B < 1/6 and eJL < 1/6. In Fig. 6, the family
of ei/L curves sloping upward to the right represents values of B2/B on
the abscissa, while the family of ex/L curves sloping downward to the
right represents values of L2/L. A\ is calculated from B2 and L 2 ; L' = L
in Case 4; and B' is determined from Eq. 2.
663

J. Geotech. Engrg. 1985.111:659-665.

Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by Pontificia Universidad on 08/18/15. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.

0,00 I 1 1—I 1 1—I 1—I '—I 1 1 1 1—I 1 1—I 1—I '—I—I—•—I—I—I 1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Be L,
B ' L

FIG. 6.—Case 4: Normalized Effective Dimensions

In practice, it is not necessary to distinguish between Cases 2, 3 and

4 before using Figs. 4-6 because each figure represents unique combi-
nations of eb/B and ex/L.

COMPUTER PROGRAM

A computer program has been written to solve the problem of ec-

centrically loaded circular footings and rectangular footings with two-
way eccentricity. Using the program is much faster than using the charts
(Figs. 4-6). The program prompts the user to specify a circular (C) or
rectangular (R) footing. Any other symbol stops the problem. If C is
selected, the program prompts for the eccentricity and radius Er and R,
respectively. Output includes the input data along with the effective area
A' and effective width B'.
It R is selected, the program prompts for the length and width of the
footing and the eccentricities. Output includes input data, the dimen-
sions of the effective area, and the effective width of the footing.
Versions of the program hhave been written in BASIC for both the
IBM PC (DOS 2.1) and the Apple II + . Interested readers may obtain a
copy of the program by sending a disk along with a self-addressed
stamped mailer to the first writer. Be sure to specify either the Apple or
IBM version, and please initialize disks for the Apple II + .

APPENDIX.—REFERENCES

1. Jarquio, R., and Jarquio, V., "Design Footing Area with Biaxial Bending," Journal
of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 109, No. 10, Oct., 1983, pp. 1337-1341.
2. Meyerhof, G. G., "The Bearing Capacity of Foundations Under Eccentric and
Inclined Loads," Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Soil Me-
chanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, 1953, pp. 440-445.

664

J. Geotech. Engrg. 1985.111:659-665.

 3. Meyerhof, G. G., "Some Recent Research on the Bearing Capacity of Foun-
dations," Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1963, pp. 16-26.
4. Perloff, W. H., and Baron W., Soil Mechanics-Principles and Applications, Ronald
Press Company, New York, N.Y., 1976, 745 pp.
5. Teng, W. C., Foundation Design, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,
1962, 466 pp.
Downloaded from ascelibrary.org by Pontificia Universidad on 08/18/15. Copyright ASCE. For personal use only; all rights reserved.

665

J. Geotech. Engrg. 1985.111:659-665.

 Tensiones Inducidas
Christian Ledezma
cledezma@uc.cl

Figuras del libro “Geotechnical Engineering: Principles & Practices”, 2nd Edition,
por Donald P. Coduto, Man-chu Ronald Yeung, y William A. Kitch
Carga Puntual (Boussinesq)
Carga Puntual (Boussinesq)
Área Circular
Área Cuadrada
 5.11 Improved Equation for Elastic Settlement 255

With the preceding parameters defined, the elastic settlement below the center of the
foundation is

a1 2 m2s b
qoBeIGIFIE
Se 5 (5.46)
Eo
where
IG 5 influence factor for the variation of Es with depth
Eo H
5 f¢b 5 , ≤
kBe Be
IF 5 foundation rigidity correction factor
IE 5 foundation embedment correction factor
Figure 5.18 shows the variation of IG with b 5 Eo>kBe and H>Be . The foundation rigidity
correction factor can be expressed as
p 1
IF 5 1 (5.47)
4
Ef 2t 3
4.6 1 10 § ¥¢ ≤
Be Be
Eo 1 k
2
Similarly, the embedment correction factor is
1
IE 5 1 2 (5.48)
Be
3.5 exp(1.22ms 2 0.4) ¢ 1 1.6≤
Df

Figures 5.19 and 5.20 show the variation of IF and IE with terms expressed in Eqs. (5.47)
and (5.48).

1.0
30 10.0
5.0
0.8
2.0

0.6 1.0
IG

0.4 0.5

0.2
H/Be  0.2

0
0.01 2 4 6 0.1 1 10 100
E
  kBo Figure 5.18 Variation of IG with b
e
Zapata corrida
Área Rectangular (Newmark)

𝑚 = 𝐵/𝑧
𝑛 = 𝐿/𝑧

1 2𝑚𝑛 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 1 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 2 −1
2𝑚𝑛 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 1
𝐼𝑧 = + tan
4𝜋 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 𝑚2 𝑛2 + 1 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 1 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 − 𝑚2 𝑛2 + 1

Nota: Si 𝑚2 + 𝑛2 + 1 < 𝑚2 𝑛2 se debe agregar 𝜋 al resultado de tan−1 …

Área Rectangular
Aproximación 2:1
Aproximación 2:1
Ejemplo
Una carga vertical de 90 kips será
aplicada en la superficie del
terreno de la figura. El punto A se
ubica en la posición xf=-4 ft, yf=-3
ft. Determine las tensiones
totales y efectivas que actúan
sobre los planos horizontales y
verticales que pasan por el punto
A. Considere tanto las tensiones
geoestáticas como inducidas.
 2
! T=0.05

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2
Z=z/H

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Consolidation Ratio, Uz
 100

90

80

70

60
Upromedio, %

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5
T
254 Chapter 5: Shallow Foundations: Allowable Bearing Capacity and Settlement

Calculation of Se for Rigid Foundation

From Eq. (5.41),
Se(rigid) ⬇ 0.93Se(flexible, center)  (25.6)(0.93)  23.81 mm ⬇ 24 mm ■

5.11 Improved Equation for Elastic Settlement

In 1999, Mayne and Poulos presented an improved formula for calculating the elastic
settlement of foundations. The formula takes into account the rigidity of the foundation,
the depth of embedment of the foundation, the increase in the modulus of elasticity of
the soil with depth, and the location of rigid layers at a limited depth. To use Mayne and
Poulos’s equation, one needs to determine the equivalent diameter Be of a rectangular
foundation, or

4BL
Å p
Be 5 (5.43)

where
B 5 width of foundation
L 5 length of foundation

For circular foundations,

Be 5 B (5.44)

where B 5 diameter of foundation.

Figure 5.17 shows a foundation with an equivalent diameter Be located at a depth Df
below the ground surface. Let the thickness of the foundation be t and the modulus of elas-
ticity of the foundation material be Ef . A rigid layer is located at a depth H below the
bottom of the foundation. The modulus of elasticity of the compressible soil layer can be
given as
Es 5 Eo 1 kz (5.45)

Be
qo

Df
t Ef Eo
Es

Compressible
Es 
soil layer H
Es Eo  kz
s

Rigid layer Figure 5.17 Improved equation

for calculating elastic settlement:
Depth, z general parameters
 5.11 Improved Equation for Elastic Settlement 255

With the preceding parameters defined, the elastic settlement below the center of the
foundation is

a1 2 m2s b
qoBeIGIFIE
Se 5 (5.46)
Eo
where
IG 5 influence factor for the variation of Es with depth
Eo H
5 f¢b 5 , ≤
kBe Be
IF 5 foundation rigidity correction factor
IE 5 foundation embedment correction factor
Figure 5.18 shows the variation of IG with b 5 Eo>kBe and H>Be . The foundation rigidity
correction factor can be expressed as
p 1
IF 5 1 (5.47)
4
Ef 2t 3
4.6 1 10 § ¥¢ ≤
Be Be
Eo 1 k
2
Similarly, the embedment correction factor is
1
IE 5 1 2 (5.48)
Be
3.5 exp(1.22ms 2 0.4) ¢ 1 1.6≤
Df

Figures 5.19 and 5.20 show the variation of IF and IE with terms expressed in Eqs. (5.47)
and (5.48).

1.0
30 10.0
5.0
0.8
2.0

0.6 1.0
IG

0.4 0.5

0.2
H/Be  0.2

0
0.01 2 4 6 0.1 1 10 100
E
  kBo Figure 5.18 Variation of IG with b
e
256 Chapter 5: Shallow Foundations: Allowable Bearing Capacity and Settlement

1.0

0.95

0.9

IF
0.85
3

0.8 KF 
( Be
Eo 
2
Ef

k )( ) 2t
Be

 Flexibility factor
0.75

Figure 5.19 Variation of

0.7 rigidity correction factor IF
0.001 2 4 0.01 0.1 1.0 10.0 100 with flexibility factor KF
KF [Eq. (5.47)]

1.0

0.95

0.9
s = 0.5
0.4
IE

0.85
0.3
0.2
0.8
0.1

0.75 0

0.7
0 5 10 15 20 Figure 5.20 Variation of
Df embedment correction factor IE
Be with Df>Be [Eq (5.48)]

Example 5.6
For a shallow foundation supported by a silty clay, as shown in Figure 5.17,
Length 5 L 5 3.05 m
Width 5 B 5 1.52 m
Depth of foundation 5 Df 5 1.52 m
 Chapter 4: Foundations and Geologic
Site Hazards

Degree of Freedom Stiffness of Foundation at Surface Note

Translation along x-axis
L 0.65
K x, sur = ----------- 3.4  ---
GB
+ 1.2
2–v  B
Translation along y-axis
L 0.65
K y, sur = ----------- 3.4  ---
GB L
+ 0.4 --- + 0.8
2–v  B B
Translation along z-axis
L 0.75
K z, sur = ----------- 1.55  ---
GB
+ 0.8
1–v  B
Rocking about x-axis 3
K xx, sur = ----------- 0.4  --- + 0.1
GB L
1–v  B
Rocking about y-axis 3
L 2.4 Orient axes such that L > B
K yy, sur = ----------- 0.47  --- + 0.034
GB
1–v  B
Torsion about z-axis
L 2.45
K zz, sur = GB 0.53  ---
3
+ 0.51
 B

Degree of Freedom Correction Factor for Embedment Note

Translation along x-axis
hd ( B + L ) 0.4
β x =  1 + 0.21 D
---- ⋅ 1 + 1.6  ------------------------
 B  2 
BL
Translation along y-axis βy = βx
Translation along z-axis
d(B + L) 2 ⁄ 3
β z = 1 + ------ ----  2 + 2.6 --- ⋅ 1 + 0.32  ---------------------
1D B
21 B  L   BL  d = height of effective sidewall
contact (may be less than total
Rocking about x-axis foundation height)
2d d –0.2 B
βxx = 1 + 2.5 --- 1 + ------  ----
d
--- h = depth to centroid of effective
B B D L sidewall contact
Rocking about y-axis 0.6 1.9 – 0.6
β yy = 1 + 1.4  --- 1.5 + 3.7  ---  ---
d d d
- For each degree of freedom,
 L  L  D
calculate
Torsion about z-axis 0.9 Kemb = β Ksur
β zz = 1 + 2.6  1 + ---  ---
B d
 L  B

Figure 4-4 Elastic Solutions for Rigid Footing Spring Constraints

4-20 Seismic Rehabilitation Prestandard FEMA 356

 Interacción Suelo Estructura
• Otra alternativa para balasto: Teoría de
Winkler

= asentamiento [cm]
= tensión

IEG3400 Clase No.6 7

 Interacción Suelo Estructura
• Ensayo de placa de
carga q

– Por lo general se realiza en

placas cuadradas de lado

• Varios valores de q

– Rigidez origen
– Rigidez secante
– Rigidez de carga – descarga

IEG3400 Clase No.6 8

 Interacción Suelo Estructura
• La calicata tiene que tener un ancho de al menos Para
la calicata tendría un ancho 1.5m
• Para cargas horizontales se hace el ensayo haciendo reaccionar una
placa contra la otra.
Gato
hidráulico

– Este ensayo es el mejor para medir

• Si el suelo es arenoso o con gravas, entonces se puede considerar
aproximadamente isótropo

IEG3400 Clase No.6 9

 Interacción Suelo Estructura
B. Coeficientes de balasto y módulo de elasticidad
de ensayos de placas de cargas (la placa es
rígida)

Donde
= 0.88 (placa cuadrada)
0.785 (placa circular)

IEG3400 Clase No.6 10

 Interacción Suelo Estructura
• Valores típicos de , placa 30 cm cuadrada o
circular ( )

Suelo suelta media densa

Arena seca o 1.3 4.1 15.9
húmeda (0.6 - 1.9) (1.9 - 9.6) (9.6 - 31.8)
Arena
0.8 2.6 9.9
sumergida

IEG3400 Clase No.6 11

 Interacción Suelo Estructura
• Arcillas normalmente consolidadas
– de 0.16 a 0.8 , lo ideal son ensayos de
laboratorio, si no Menard, si no Triaxiales.
• Arcillas preconsolidadas

Consistencia Firme Muy firme Dura

Valores 2.4 4.8 9.6
(1.6 - 3.2) (3.2 - 6.4) (> 6.4)

IEG3400 Clase No.6 12

IEG3400 Clase No.6 13
 Interacción Suelo Estructura
• Realmente en las zapatas , Terzaghi
propuso las siguientes correcciones:
– Para zapatas cuadradas de lado
.
• Arenas: ,
.
• Suelos cohesivos: ,

– Para zapatas rectangulares se puede considerar:

• , ,

• si entonces: , ,

IEG3400 Clase No.6 14

 Interacción Suelo Estructura
• Lo anterior es válido para medido con
placas de 30 cm.
• Observación: el ensayo de placa de carga solo
involucra una pequeña profundidad, por lo
que habría que repetir este ensayo a
diferentes profundidades

IEG3400 Clase No.6 15

Mayne and Poulos (1999) Method for
Computing Settlement
Chart to Determine I GI in the Mayne and Poulos
I sub G

(1999) Method for Computing Settlement

Soil Profile and Footing Geometry for
Example
 6 de
Septiembre oh 2022

Greeks
•

pzkz.su#y=O.gwc;lhnodremdsG=Eo=7 3KPa-Gnsevsdon
Kz
→
=

meh ,
se -6ms s nine / del Seko de fndscoñ
2 (1+0)

14532
kz.s.y.su
→
=
KN/m

Bz
=
1.31

→
Kz =
19063 KN/m →
g. = 26 mm

↳
•

Bshs-6 / ↳

depended dyad
all
sub
no

KÉBÉB Kz B L ,
→ =
-
-

Kis,

2.
30×30 cm

srcilb theme -6 consolidates (042--2) →

Ko =
2
kgflcmz
pus p
-

>
3 t.mn oh
be
reporters
→
Kz 4002 Ko 24000
Ersbnjs
0.41
→
Si 21mm 15cm
Kgf
= =
se
.

/
-

cm
pero
=
,

con hen it timer 2 .

ae.m.s.ao.me
>
e.

f
an •⇐
>
µ ,,
✗
Si Sinha shrub 9m rigid-2
pars
- con .

Burlsnd Burbidge SPT ✗

> → →
Nlt ) ok 30cm
ri
gotpapers
=
since
y
→
Mé -6ohm friars Sneha than
✗

epea-f.ua
→
no
psis vz
>
SchmoEmsnn →
SPT
→
CPT

> N SPT-

I - I I -
-

Ñbo
4
medio
a
pro ponchos do
B de ertss medicines
-

✓
-2

h
→ en el Souto sntn ch pom Zspsts
?⃝
Cálculo de Asentamientos
• Asentamientos
(subpresión)

tensión efectiva
inicial en la profundidad de
la zapata (presión de tierra)

IEG3400 Clase No.3 2

 Cálculo de Asentamientos
• Burland and Burbidge (1985), arenas y gravas
Para zapatas cuadradas o circulares
a) Si .

Donde
.

B = ancho de la zapata (m)

= presión efectiva (kPa)
q’ = presión a nivel de fundación (kPa)
S= asentamiento al final (mm)
= promedio en el bulbo de presiones ( , si disminuye con
la profundidad entonces ( )

Si B en (m), q’ y en (ton/m2), S en (cm)

IEG3400 Clase No.3 3
 Cálculo de Asentamientos
b) Si

Para zapatas rectangulares (arenas y grava)

con L > B

Si

IEG3400 Clase No.3 4

 Cálculo de Asentamientos
• Asentamientos diferidos en el tiempo

Donde

t = en años y t ≥ 3

Burland and Burbidge (1985) proponen R3=0.3

Rt=0.2

IEG3400 Clase No.3 5

 Cálculo de Asentamientos
• Método de Schmertmann (1970;1978), arenas ensayadas con SPT y CPT

Donde
(factor de profundidad)
( )
(factor de creep secundario),
.
t = en años
(factor de forma)
= variación de al nivel de sello de fundación, también llamado
= “strain influence factor” de cada subcapa (ver gráficos y ecuaciones)
= espesor de cada subcapa
= módulo de Young de cada subcapa

IEG3400 Clase No.3 6

 Cálculo de Asentamientos
• Schmertmann propone algunas correlaciones para estimar
– Para SPT

Tipo Suelo (kPa) (kPa)

SW ó SP 5000 1200
SM ó SC 2500 600

– Para CPT
Tipo Suelo
SW ó SP 2.5 – 3.5
SM ó SC 1.5

IEG3400 Clase No.3 7

 Cálculo Asentamientos

Square
• = presión vertical
efectiva inicial a la
profundidad a la que Spread
se produce (para
zapata cuadrada B/2, y
en zapata corrida B).
𝐼
IEG3400 Clase No.3 8
 Cálculo de Asentamientos
• Zapata cuadrada

• Zapata corrida (L>10B)

• Fundación rectangular (B<L<10B)

, , ,

IEG3400 Clase No.3 9

 Burland
y Burbidge p-oponnunfnc-G-fegrnmod-f.be/nsntsm-n-6ins-L-L-neo en fuori del tiempo :

f- +
=
I +
Rs +
The log!¥)→ tiempo
,
dich b constrain oh b entrees

P * Ante Cichon drags tiene oh

ssertsm-a-Gelss-iwyot.rs
se uns -6
cornpone
Pndm
p~E-whscineh-s-G.co
NV
oh tescomodo oh ,
irrewpesbh ) .

Es
rescomodockp~E-wh.se/grnSeswrmb
es -6 ssutsm-e.to
por

,
, tiempo con el .

nsi

diformson line / mains

→
en
cs-gse.no ,

give
a
Usgs
/incl swrmhdo
er ,
deforms c- over

>
t

8 de de 2022
Septiembre
Cone Penetration Tent (CPT)

Annie ch
→
de 2cm
/s ,
no
sgdpn como SPT

NO
→

excsvsc.in -6ms med coin confirms

regnier peris uns
-
uns
,

ii. >
oh * Sc const
uyeron empirical
Sis -6ms rcnccin
regnier psis
-
un ,

/ \ / \ / \

restitch A halo
pooh - enters - et Como
sandier jus
-6

chl CPT
↑ ifs
de
yfs
→
s
partie 9-e se
puck
↑↑
9- t chsifcs
9- c-
tipo de Swb
-

por
.

Lilah de si Schmertmsnn
begin

↓P

"" " ° "☒ " ""°

" "

I
'

Sub
"

µ
grsmbr
\
'

"

: a
6
espen
do
Svponiado
Por b redial el since E≈T/
>
csys gniee " E

! ↳
expndvse Segni Poisson
peu
el control depends ten-time -6

]
.

↳ to dnt continue -6
rugosa con
Ups -6 impich ,

É I I
gemrmdo confirm :c -6
y
un
mayor
.

gg , a , mm ,
a gym a man, g. µ ,, , g, un
µ , yay ,

sl
ape
- solo .
trsmos Ielt)

( ' ) snivel oh/ sello oh

T
/ das
→

q
-

-
?⃝
 schmvtmsnnp-opomcorrebu.am pas el a- lab oh E con
assyos
SPT
y
CPT .

Psis SPT Es Bo B. NGO

→
se
=
OCR +

propane

I
↳ solo
Corregidor emesis

>
no Ssbemvn Como Medio srems si Femmes de
Gps
en uns
,
Pero
south sobre b el oh 1s rolls Si
sans ,
podemos ibn OCR .
no en

el asso . en consecrator -6ms - OCR =

b.

Asertsmia -6 por Consoli dsc.is seconds / is (Ss)

Es ich mk sinks
f- nlto contrib oh hrmechd enrolment srcilbs
psn con
-
nos ,

£ : Me=0
why
¥¥]I
Me -1-0 de ch
pasion
: " "so
" poos y
Iss tensions efec-C.us Son Constantin .

Sir >

hgtt~vidsu-E.lk/poyec-GI-eo
+
De
Ho Ho
Ss = = . Ce .

Heo ti
↳ 90 -95% Consolation

[
primsris

medichenl firmino ch

Is Consoli chain
prirmris

Ct
→
bbo-s-G.io (ident )
punch pedvse
•

oh
enssgo
come

t.smbia-hsycorrebc.mn experiments her

→

Fundsciomn
profundis

NO Sink Is
comphiichd y Tiempo Pero
-6
Ser
primus opcién por ,
can ,
en ocssionn son
ignlnntr recess -ins .

Hache el Suhr mshn

compete -6 mrchr.ch/-o-mscion
•

§y quite s 0 con
,
poco
µ

I \ /
\ / I / \

Mejor control oh ssertsmieios 1s

superstructures
•

y giros
a

Dg Df1,35 10-20 Funoomn inertial hscissrribs.to

•

rue
por pas uns
cogs gun en

muy clitic
't o
impossible prs functions supertanker

1 ,

B
 PILE FOUNDATION

A pile is a slender, structural member installed

in the ground to transfer the structural loads to
soils at some significant depth below the base of
the structure.

Source: www.cpd.wsu.edu
Source: www.dot.state.fl.us

1 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 USE OF PILE FOUNDATIONS

Pile foundations are used when

o the soil near the surface does not have sufficient
bearing capacity to support the structural loads
o the estimated settlement of the soil exceed tolerable
limits, i.e., settlement greater than the serviceability
limit state
o differential settlement due to soil variability or non-
uniform structural loads is excessive
o the structural loads consist of lateral loads and/or
uplift forces
o excavations to construct shallow foundation on a firm
soil layer are difficult or expensive.

2 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 PILE SELECTION - 1

PILE MATERIALS - timber, steel, concrete,

combinations
The selection of a material type depends on
the
o magnitude of the loading
o the soil type
o availability
o environment in which the pile will be installed,
e.g., corrosive environment, marine environment,

3 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 PILE SELECTION -2

 PILE SHAPE
o The cross sections of piles are circular or square or rectangular
or octagonal and they can vary along the length of the pile.
Straight piles have constant cross-sectional areas. Tapered
piles have cross sectional areas that decrease with pile length.
 The selection of a pile shape depends on the
o Type of loading - square piles have greater 2nd moment of areas
than circular piles of the same area -> efficient in resisting
bending
o the soil type
o availability
o Method of installation

4 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 PILE SELECTION -3

5 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 PILE INSTALLATION

DRIVEN PILES - piles driven to the required

depth using impact
o DISPLACEMENT PILES (SOLID SECTIONS)
o NON-DISPLACEMENT PILES (HOLLOW
SECTIONS, SMALL AREA)

DRILLED PILES OR DRILLED SHAFTS – piles

installed in predrilled holes.
o NON-DISPLACEMENT PILES

6 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 TIMBER PILES (DISPLACEMENT PILE)

7 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 “H” PILES (NON-DISPLACEMENT PILE)

(Extending “H” piles by welding)

8 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 CLOSED END PIPE (DISPLACEMENT PILE)

9 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 SOLID PRECAST CONCRETE (DISPLACEMENT PILE)

10 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 CONCRETE CYLINDER PILE (NON-DISPLACEMENT)

11 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 COMBINATION PILES

(Precast Concrete & “H” Pile Points)

12 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007
 COMBINATION PILES

(Tapered Concrete & Pipe Piles)

13 Muni Budhu “Foundations and Earth Retaining Structures”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 2007