Solution

MATHEMAGIC

Class 12 - Mathematics

1. (a) 2 cos-1 x
Explanation: cos-1 (2x2 - 1)
Put x = cos α ⇒ α = cos-1 x
∴ cos-1 (2x2 - 1) = cos-1 (2 cos2α - 1) = cos-1 (cos 2α )
[∵ 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 ⇒ cos(−
π

2
) ≤ cos α ≤ cos 0 ⇒ −
π

2
≤ α ≤ 0 ⇒ −π ≤ 2α ≤ 0 ]
= 2α = 2 cos-1 x
2.
(d) [1, 2]
Explanation: Let, f(x) = cos-1(2x - 3)
-1 ≤ 2x - 3 ≤ 1

oo
⇒ 2 ≤ 2x ≤ 4

⇒ 1 ≤ x ≤ 2

∴ x ∈ [1, 2] or domain of x is [1, 2].

ah
2 2
5π π
3. (a) 4
and 8

Explanation: We have
(sin–1x)2 + (cos–1x)2 = (sin–1x + cos–1x)2 – 2 sin–1x cos–1 x
ts
- 2 sin-1 x(
2

= π

4
π

2
− sin
−1
x)

sin-1 x 2(sin-1 x)2

2

= π
-π +
jee
4
2 2

= 2 [ (sin −1
x) −
π

2
sin
−1
x +
π

8
]

2
2

= 2 [(sin −1
x −
π

4
) +
π

16
]
wa

2 2
2 2 −π 2

Thus, the least value is 2( π

16
) i.e.
π

8
and the Greatest value is 2[( 2
−
π

4
) +
π

16
] i.e. 5π

4
.

4.
–
(b) √3
sh

sin-1
√3
Explanation: cot [ 1

2 2
]

= cot-1 (
1 π π –
= cot [ × ] ) = √3
Vi

2 3 6

5. (a) [1, 2]
Explanation: f(x) = [1, 2]
−−−−− −−−−−
⇒ 0 ≤ x - 1 ≤ 1 [Since,√x − 1 ≥ 0 and -1 ≤ √x − 1 ≤ 1]

⇒ 1 ≤ x ≤ 2

∴ x ∈ [1, 2]

6.
2π
(d) 9

Explanation: cos–1 (cos (680°))

= cos–1 [cos (720° – 40°)]
= cos–1 [cos (– 40°)]
= cos–1 [cos (40°)]
= 40°
2π
= 9
.

7.
−π
(b) 10

1/8
 Explanation: We have,
sin-1[cos( 33π

5
)]

= sin-1[cos(6π + 3π

5
)]

= sin-1[cos( 3π

5
)] [Since, cos(2nπ + θ) = cosθ]

= sin-1[cos( π

2
+
π

10
)]

= sin-1[sin(− π

10
)] [Since, sin-1 (-x) = -sin-1 x]

=− 10
π
[Since, sin-1 (sinx) = x,x ∈ (− π

2
,
π

2
)]
7π
8. (a) 18

Explanation: sin-1 (cos ) = sin-1 (sin( ) = sin-1 (sin

7π 7π
π

9
π

2
−
π

9
)
18
)= 18

9. (a) 2
Explanation: Since, -1 ≤ sin-1 x ≤ 1 and given sin-1x + sin-1y + sin-1z = 3π

sin-1x = sin-1y = sin-1z =

π
⇒
2

⇒ x=y=z=1

oo
Also, ∵ f(1) = 1
and f(p + q) = f(p) ⋅ f(q) ∀ p ,q ∈ R , then
⇒ f(2) = f(1 + 1) = f(1) ⋅ f(1) = 1 × 1 = 1

ah
⇒ f(3) = f(2 + 1) = f(2) ⋅ f(1) = 1 × 1 = 1

Now, xf(1) + yf(2) + zf(3) =

x+y+z 1+1+1

f(1) f(2) f(3)

=1+1+1- 1 1 1
x +y +z x +y +z

=3- 1+1+1
3
=3-
3

3
=3-1=2
ts
10.
jee
π
(d) 3

Explanation: sin-1 sin(−600 × π

180
) = sin
−1
sin(
−10π

3
)

= sin-1[− sin(4π − 2π −1 2π
wa

)] = sin (sin )
3 3

= sin-1(sin(π − π

3
)) = sin
−1
(sin
π

3
) =
π

11.
sh

(b) −π

10

Explanation: sin −1
(cos
3π

5
)

= sin-1 sin (
Vi

π 3π
− )
2 5

= sin-1 sin (
5π−6π
)
10

= sin-1 sin (
−π
)
10
−π
= 10

12. (a) − π

2
≤ y ≤
π

Explanation: sin-1 x = y ⇒ siny = x

We know that range of the principle value branch of sin −1
x is [− π

2
,
π

2
]

Because, we know that

−1 ≤ siny ≤ 1
π π
⇒ sin(− ) ≤ siny ≤ sin( )
2 2

Therefore, − π

2
≤ y ≤
π

13.
(c) [0, 1]
Explanation: We have f(x) = cos-1 (2x - 1)
Since, -1 ≤ 2x - 1 ≤ 1
⇒ 0 ≤ 2x ≤ 2

2/8
 ⇒ 0≤x≤1
∴ x ∈ [0,1]
√1−x2
14. (a) x

Explanation: Let sin–1 x = θ, then sinθ = x

⇒ cosec θ = 1

x
⇒ cosec2θ = 1

2
x

⇒ 1 + cot2 θ = 1

2
x

√1−x2
⇒ cot θ = x

15. (a) − 10
π

Explanation: sin-1(cos
40π+3π
)
5

= sin-1 cos (8π + 3π

5
)

= sin-1 (cos 3π

5
)

= sin-1 (sin( π

2
−
3π

5
))

= sin-1(sin(− π
)) = −
π

oo
10 10

16.
(b) x
Explanation: Let cos-1 x = θ

ah
−−−−−−−−
⇒ x = cos θ ⇒ sec θ = ⇒ tan θ = √sec θ − 1
1 2
x
−−−−− −−−−−
⇒ tan θ = √ 1
− 1 ⇒ tan θ = 1

x
√1 − x2
x
2
ts
Now, sin [cot-1 {tan (cos-1x))] = sin [cot-1 {tan θ}]
−−−−−
= sin[cot-1{ x
1
√1 − x2 } ]
jee
−−−− −−−−
Again, let x = sin α = sin[cot-1{ 1

sin α
√1 − sin α2 } ]

= sin[cot-1{ cos α

sin α
} ] = sin[cot-1(cot α )]
= sin α = x
wa

17.
19π
(d) 12

Explanation: sin-1 (− + cos-1 (− + cot-1 (−√3) + cosec-1 (√2) + tan-1 (-1) + sec-1 (√2)
1 1 – – –
sh

) )
2 2

= -sin-1 (− + π - cos-1 ( + π - cot-1 (√3) + cosec-1 (√2) - tan-1 (1) + sec-1 (√2)
1 1 – – –
) )
2 2
π π π π π π
= − + π − + π − + − +
Vi

6 3 6 4 4 4
2π 9π 19π
= − + =
3 4 12

13π
18. (a) 15

Explanation: cos-1 [cos((− ] = cos-1 [cos (

17 17π

15
) π)
15
]
)

= cos-1 [cos (2π - )] = cos-1 [cos

13π 13π 13π

15 15
]= 15

19. (a) 1
√3
Explanation: If x = 2
, then
√3 √3
−1 −1
−1 −1 sin + cos
sin x+ cos x
tan ( 2
) = tan [ 2

2
2
]

π π π
+

= tan ( 3

2
6
) = tan ( 2

2
) = tan π

4
=1

20. (a) 4
Explanation: We have
sin-1 (x2 - 7x + 12) = nπ ⇒ x2 - 7x + 12 = sin (nπ ), n ∈ Z
⇒ x2 - 7x + 12 = 0 ⇒ x2 - 3x - 4x + 12 = 0

3/8
 ⇒ x (x - 3) - 4(x - 3) = 0 ⇒ (x - 3) (x - 4) = 0
⇒ x = 3, 4

21. Let y = cos-1(cos 13π

6
)
cos y = cos 13π

cos y = cos (390o)

We know that the range of principal value of cos θ is [0,π ] i.e. [0o,180o]
Hence its value is not possible.
−1
22. The given inverse trignometric function is cos −1
(
2
) + 2 sin
−1
(
1

2
)

−1
Now,cos −1
(
2
) + 2 sin
−1
(
1

2
)

−1 1 −1 1
= [π − cos ( )] + 2 sin ( )
2 2

−1 −1
[∵ cos (−x) = π − cos x; ∀x ∈ [−1, 1]]

−1 π −1 π
= [π − cos (cos )] + 2 sin (sin )
3 6

π 1 π 1
[∵ cos = and sin = ]
3 2 6 2

π π
= [π − ] + 2 ×
3 6

oo
−1
∵ cos (cos θ) = θ; ∀θ ∈ [0, π]
[ −π
]
−1 π
and sin (sin θ) = θ; ∀θ ∈ [ , ]
2 2

2π π 2π+π
= + = = π

ah
3 3 3
– –
23. tan −1
√3 − cot
−1
(− √3) =?

−1 – −1 –
tan √3 − cot (− √3)

−1 – −1 – −1 −1
= tan √3 − (π − cot
–
√3) [∵ cot
–
(−x) = π − cot x]
ts
−1 −1
= tan √3 − π + cot √3

−1 – −1 – −1 −1 π
= (tan √3 + cot √3) − π [∵ tan x + cot x = ]
2
jee
π π −π
= − =
2 1 2

24. We know that for any x ∈ R, tan-1x represents an angle in (−

π π

2
,
2
) whose tangent is x. Therefore,
tan-1(1) = ( An angle θ ∈ (− π

2
,
π

2
) such that tan θ = 1)
wa

π
=
4

√3
25. We have, tan −1
[2 sin(2 cos
−1

2
)]

π π √3
−1 −1
= tan [2 sin{2 cos (cos )}] [∵ cos = ]
6 6 2
sh

−1 π
= tan [2 sin{2 × }]
6

−1
[∵ cos (cos θ) = θ; ∀θ ∈ [0, π]]
Vi

π √3 π √3
−1 −1
= tan (2 sin ) = tan (2 ⋅ ) [∵ sin = ]
3 2 3 2

−1 – −1 π π
= tan (√3) = tan (tan ) =
3 3

π – −1 π π
[∵ tan = √3 and tan (tan θ) = θ, ∀θ ∈ (− , )]
3 2 2

√3
26. We have, cos −1

2
+ cos
−1
(−
1

2
)

√3 1
−1 −1
= cos + [π − cos ( )]
2 2

−1 −1
[∵ cos (−x) = π − cos x, ∀x ∈ [−1, 1]]

−1 π −1 π
= cos (cos ) + [π − cos (cos )]
6 3

π π π+6π−2π 5π
= + π − = =
6 3 6 6

−1
[∵ cos (cos θ) = θ; ∀θ ∈ [0, π]]

which is the required principal value.

27. cos −1
[cos(−
7π

3
)]

We know that is in the fourth quadrant,

= cos −1
[cos(
7π

3
)] [∵ cos(−θ) = cos(θ) ]

4/8
 = cos −1
[cos(2π +
π

3
)]

π π
= cos −1
[cos
3
] = 3
∈ [0, π]

28. Let y = sin-1(−

1
)
2
−1
sin y = 2

−π
sin y = sin ( 6
)

Range of principal value of sin-1 is between

−π

2
and π

2
−π
Hence, the principal value is 6

tan-1 x
−π
29. The range of is = ( 2
,
π

2
)
π π
30. tan −1
[2 cos(2 ⋅
6
)] +
4

= tan −1
[2 ×
1

2
] +
π

4
= π

4
+
π

4
= π

31. We know that tan −1

1 =
π

4
.
−1 −1
∴ cot[ sin {cos(tan 1)}]

−1 π −1 1 π
= cot{sin (cos )} = cot(sin ) = cot = 1
4 √2 4

32. We have,

oo
−1 n π
tan >
π 4

−1 n −1 π −1
⇒ tan > tan 1 [∵ = tan 1]
π 4

n
[∵ tan θ is an increasing function]

ah
−1 −1
⇒ tan(tan ) > tan(tan 1)
π
n
⇒ > 1
π

⇒ n > π ≅3.14

⇒ n = 4, 5, 6, ....
ts
Hence, the minimum value of n is 4.
33. Let cosec-1 (−√2) = y . Then, cosec y = −√2 = −cosec (
– – π
) = cosec (−
π
) .
jee
4 4

We know that the range of the principal value branch of

cosec-1 is [−
–
π

2
,
π

2
] − {0} and cosec (− π

4
) = − √2 .

Therefore, the principal value of cosec-1(−√2) is − .

– π
wa

− √3
34. We have, cos[ cos −1
(
2
) +
π

6
]

−1 π π
cos[ cos ( − cos ) + ]
6 6
sh

−1 5π π
= cos[ cos (cos ) + ]
6 6

5π π −1
= cos( + ){∵ cos cos x = x, x ∈ [0, π]}
6 6
Vi

6π
= cos( )
6

= cos(π) = −1

35. Let x = cos θ

∴ θ = cos-1 x
sec-1( 1

2
) = sec-1( 1

2
) = sec-1( 1
) = sec-1(sec 2θ)
2x −1 2 cos θ−1 cos 2θ

= 2θ
= 2 cos-1 x
36. cosec-1x represents an angle in [− π

2
, 0) ∪ (0,
π

2
] whose cosent is x.
Let x = cosec-1(-2)
π
⇒ cosec x = −2 = cosec (− )
6

π
⇒ x = −
6

∴ Principal value of cosec-1(-2) is − . π

6
−π
37. From Fig. we note that tan x is an increasing function in the interval ( 2
,
π

2
) , since 1 > π

4
⇒ tan 1 > tan
π

4
. This gives
tan 1 > 1
π
⇒ tan 1 > 1 >
4

5/8
 −1
⇒ tan 1 > 1 > tan (1)

38. We have, tan −1

(tan
2π

3
) = tan
−1
tan(π −
π

3
)

−1 π −1 −1
= tan (− tan ) [∵ tan (−x) = − tan x]
3

−1 −π π −1 −π π
= tan tan ( )= − [∵ tan (tan x) = x, x ∈ ( , )]
3 3 2 2

2π 2π
Note: Remember that, tan −1
(tan
3
) ≠
3

Since, tan-1(tan x) = x, if x ∈ (− π

2
,
π

2
) and 2π

3
∉ (
−π

2
,
π

2
)

39. tan −1
(tan
9π

8
)

−1 π
= tan tan(π + )
8

−1 π
= tan (tan( ))

oo
8

π
=
8

40. First of all we need to find the principal value for cosec–1(–2)

ah
Let,
cosec–1(-2 )=Y
⇒ cosec y = –2
ts
⇒ –cosec y = 2
π
⇒ –cosec 6
=2
As we know that cosec(–θ) = –cosecθ
jee
π −π
∴ –cosec 6
= cosec ( 6
)

The range of principal value of cosec–1 (-2) is [

−π π

2
,
2
] –{0} and
wa

−π
cosec ( 6
) = –2

Thus,the princi value of cosec–1(–2) is

−π

6
.
∴ Now, the question changes to
sh

Sin–1[cos
−π

6
]
Cos(–θ) = cos(θ)
∴ we can write the above expression as
Vi

Sin–1[cos ]
π

Let,
Sin–1(
√3

2
) =Y
√3
⇒ sin y = 2

⇒ Y= π

The range of principal value of sin–1 is (

−π √3

2
,
π

2
) and sin ( π

3
) =
2

Sin–1( ) is
√3
Therefore, the principal value of 2
π

Hence, the principal value of the given equation is π

41. The domain of sin-1 x is [-1,1]. Therefore, f(x) = sin-1 (-x2) is defined for all x satisfying -1 ≤ -x2 ≤ 1
2
⇒ 1 ≥ x ≥ −1

2
⇒ 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

2
⇒ x ≤ 1

2
⇒ x − 1 ≤ 0

⇒ (x - 1)(x + 1) ≤ 0

6/8
 ⇒ −1 ≤ x ≤ 1

Hence, the domain of f(x) = sin-1 (-x2) is [-1, 1].

42. Principal value branch of sec1 x is [0, π

2
)∪ (
π

2
, π] and its graph is shown below.

−1
43. Let cos −1
(
2
) = y

1
⇒ cos y = −
2
π
⇒ cos y = − cos
3

π 2π
⇒ cos y = cos(π − ) = cos
3 3

oo
Since, the principal value branch of cos-1 is [0, π] .
−1
Therefore, principal value of cos −1
(
2
) is 2π

3
.
–
44. Let cot−1
(√3) = y

ah
–
⇒ cot y = √3
π
⇒ cot y = cot
6

Since, the principal value branch of cot-1 is [0, π] .

ts
–
Therefore, principal value of cot (√3) is . −1 π

6
–
45. Let cos ec −1
(− √2) = y
jee
–
⇒ cos ecy = − √2
−π
⇒ cos ecy = cos ec
4

Since, the principal value branch of cosec-1 is [− π

2
,
π

2
] .
–
wa

−π
Therefore, principal value of cos ec −1
(− √2) is 4
.
46. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Today in the class of Mathematics, Mrs. Pandey is explaining the inverse trigonometric function. She draws the graph of the sin-1x
and write down the following about the principal value of branch function sin-1x:
sh

Principal value of branch function sin-1x: It is a function with domain [-1, 1] and range [
−3π −π −π

2
,
2
] ,[ 2
,
π

2
] or [ π

2
,
3π

2
] and

so on corresponding to each interval, we get a branch of the function sin-1x. The branch with range [
−π
is called the
Vi

π
, ]
2 2

principal value branch. Thus, sin-1x:

7/8
 −π
[-1, 1] → [ 2
,
π

2
]

oo
(i) Let f(x) = sin-1√− −−−−
x − 1

ah
⇒ 0 ≤ x - 1 ≤ 1
ts
⇒ 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
−− −−− −−−−−
∴ x ∈ [1, 2] [∵ √x − 1 ≥ 0 and −1 ≤ √x − 1 ≤ 1 ]
jee
(ii) we know that, Domain of sin-1 is [-1, 1]

∴ Domain of sin-1[x] is {x : -1 ≤ [x] ≤ 1}

⎧ −1∀ −1 ≤ x < 0
⎪
wa

But {x} = ⎨ 0∀ 0 ≤ x < 1

⎩
⎪
1∀ 1 ≤ x < 2

∴ Domain of sin-1[x] is [-1, 2)

(iii)sin[ π −1 1
sh

− sin (− )]
3 2

= sin[ π

3
+ sin
−1
(−
1

2
)] [∵ sin-1(-θ) = -sinθ]

= sin[ π π
Vi

−1
+ sin (sin )]
3 6

π π
= sin[ 3
+
6
]

2π+π
= sin[ 6
]

= sin( 3π

6
)

= sin( π

2
) =1
(iv)Let,
y = cos-1(cos 2π

3
) + sin-1(sin 2π

3
)
= 2π

3
+ sin-1(sin(π − π

3
))
= 2π

3
+ sin-1(sin π

3
)
= 2π

3
+ π

3
=π
∴ Principal value of cos-1(cos 2π

3
) + sin-1(sin 2π

3
) = π.

8/8