PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

Form:

SUBJ AUX PAST PARTICIPLE

I/we/you/they Had ´d arrived

he/she/it had

 Affirmative: subject + aux had + past participle + objects(+ complements)

Example:

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 Negative: subject + auxiliary had + not + past participle+ objects ( + complements)

Example:

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 Interrogative: ( wh +) auxiliary had+ subject + past participle + objects (+ complements)

Example:

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Uses:

To show that we are talking about something which happened before something that is described in
the past simple

Example: when he got to the station, his train had already left

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It is often used with time expressions like when, as soon as, after, before:

Example: she started driving before he had fastened his seatbelt

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It is often used with the adverbs already, just, never…

Example: the thieves had already escaped when the police arrived.

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