[expository wRiting

[GE-205]

[MUHAMMAD HASSAN]
[23014107-010]
[Expository Writing]
Expository Writing Date: 25/April/2024

Assignment no 1

Critical Reading Skills

Submitted from
Muhammad Hassan
Roll no
23014107-010
Course code
GE-205
Submitted to
Miss Tayyaba Zahid
Submission date
24 April, 2024
University Of Gujrat
Hafiz Hayat Campus

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Assignment no. 1
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Content Table
Sr no Topics Page no

1 Critical Reading Skill 3

2 Benefits of Critical Reading Skill 3

3 Methods involved in Critical Reading Skill 3

4 Skimming 4

5 Steps involved in skimming 4

6 Benefits of Skimming 5

7 Scanning 5

8 How to do it 6

9 Importance 7

10 SQ3R 7

11 How to implement it 8

12 Importance 8

13 Conclusion 9

14 References 9

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Critical Reading Skills

Critical reading is like detective work with words. It’s not just about understanding what the
words say, but also figuring out why they were written and what they really mean. It involves
asking questions, thinking about the big picture, and deciding if you agree with the author.
So, instead of just reading, you’re actively investigating and making sense of the text.
Critical reading is a fundamental skill that involves actively analyzing, interpreting, and
evaluating written text to understand its meaning, context, and implications. It goes beyond
simply comprehending the words on the page and involves engaging with the material in a
thoughtful and analytical manner.

Benefits of Critical Reading Skill

The benefits of critical reading skills are plenty.

 Firstly, it helps you understand things better by digging deep into the meaning of texts.
 Secondly, it sharpens your thinking by making you analyze information more
carefully.
 Thirdly, it boosts your ability to make informed decisions by teaching you to evaluate
arguments and evidence.
 Lastly, it enhances your communication skills by enabling you to express your ideas
more clearly and convincingly.
Overall, critical reading opens doors to knowledge, sharper thinking, better decision-making,
and improved communication

Methods involved in Critical Reading Skill

There are three main methods involved in Critical Reading Skill. These are as follows;

 Skimming
 Scanning
 SQ3R
Now we will discuss each of them separately and try to understand each and everthing about
them.

Skimming
Skimming is a reading technique where you quickly glance through a text to get a general
idea of its main points, without reading every word. It involves scanning headings,
subheadings, bolded text, and the first sentences of paragraphs to grasp the overall structure
and key information. Skimming is useful when you need to preview a text to decide if it’s

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relevant to your needs, or when you’re trying to get a quick overview before reading more
closely. It’s like getting a bird’s-eye view of the text without diving into the details

Steps involved in skimming

Certainly, here’s a step-by-step guide on how to skim through a text effectively:
Preview: Begin by quickly previewing the text to understand its structure and content. Look at
headings, subheadings, and any formatting features like bolded or italicized text.
Identify Key Points: Focus on identifying key points, main ideas, and important keywords or
phrases. Pay attention to topic sentences, which often summarize the main idea of paragraphs.
Read First and Last Sentences: Read the first and last sentences of paragraphs to capture the
main idea and see how the information flows.
Scan for Keywords: Scan the text for keywords and phrases that stand out. These can provide
clues about the main topics and important details.
Skip Non-Essential Information: Skip over non-essential details, examples, and supporting
information. Focus on extracting the most important information that directly relates to your
purpose for reading.
Use Visual Cues: Pay attention to visual cues such as bullet points, numbered lists, and
graphics, which often highlight key information in a concise format.
Review Conclusion or Summary: If available, review the conclusion or summary of the text to
get a brief overview of the main points and conclusions.
Adjust Reading Speed: Adjust your reading speed based on the importance of the information.
Spend more time on sections that seem critical and skim quickly through less relevant parts.
Take Notes: Take brief notes or highlight key points as you skim through the text to help
reinforce your understanding and recall important information later.
Reflect: After skimming, take a moment to reflect on what you’ve read and how it relates to
your purpose for reading. Consider whether you need to read the text more closely or if you
have gathered enough information for your needs.
By following these steps, you can effectively skim through a text to quickly grasp its main
points and determine its relevance to your needs.

Benefits of using Skimming

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Skimming offers several benefits:

Time-saving: Skimming allows you to quickly assess whether a text is worth reading in detail,
saving time by avoiding unnecessary reading of irrelevant material.
Efficiency: It helps you efficiently extract key information and main ideas from a text,
enabling you to grasp the overall content without getting bogged down in details.
Prioritization: Skimming helps you prioritize your reading by focusing on the most important
sections or points, allowing you to allocate more time and attention to areas that are most
relevant to your needs.
Overview: It provides you with a broad overview of the text’s structure and content, giving you
a sense of its main topics, arguments, and organization.
Decision-making: Skimming assists in decision-making by quickly assessing whether a text
meets your information needs or supports your research goals, helping you determine whether
to read it more closely or move on to another source.
Overall, skimming is a valuable skill that enhances reading efficiency, information
processing, and decision-making in various contexts

Scanning
Scanning is a rapid reading technique used to locate specific information within a text
quickly. Unlike skimming, which focuses on getting a general overview, scanning involves
searching for particular words, phrases, or details that are relevant to your specific purpose.
It’s like using a spotlight to hone in on specific information amidst a sea of text, allowing you
to efficiently pinpoint key details without reading everything word by word. Scanning is
particularly useful when you have a clear idea of what you’re looking for and need to find it
in a timely manner, such as searching for a name in a directory or locating a specific date in a
schedule.

How to do it?
Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to scan effectively:
Identify Purpose: Determine your specific purpose for scanning, such as finding a particular
piece of information, a specific word, or a key detail.
Focus on Keywords: Identify keywords or phrases related to your purpose that you expect to
find in the text. These could be names, dates, numbers, or specific terms.

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Use Visual Cues: Scan headings, subheadings, titles, and bullet points for visual cues that
may indicate where the information you’re seeking is located.
Ignore Non-Essential Information: Ignore irrelevant details and non-essential text that does
not relate to your purpose. Focus solely on the parts of the text that are likely to contain the
information you need.
Move Eyes Rapidly: Move your eyes rapidly across the text, scanning for the keywords or
phrases you identified. Use a zigzag or diagonal pattern to cover more ground quickly.
Read Strategically: Read strategically by focusing on the beginning and end of paragraphs, as
well as any highlighted or bolded text, as these may contain the information you’re looking
for.
Stay Flexible: Stay flexible and adapt your scanning speed based on the density of the text and
the relevance of the information you’re seeking. Speed up in less dense areas and slow down
when you approach potentially relevant sections.
Use Tools: Utilize tools like the table of contents, index, or search function if available, to
quickly locate specific sections or pages within the text.
Review and Confirm: Once you locate the relevant information, review it quickly to ensure it
meets your needs and matches your expectations.
Adjust as Needed: Adjust your scanning approach as needed based on the success of your
initial attempts. If you’re not finding the information you need, try refining your keywords or
changing your scanning strategy.
By following these steps, you can effectively scan through a text to locate specific information
quickly and efficiently.

Importance
The benefits of using scanning include:
Efficiency: Scanning allows you to quickly locate specific information within a text, saving
time and energy compared to reading the entire document.
Precision: It enables you to pinpoint key details, facts, or terms relevant to your purpose
without getting distracted by irrelevant information.
Focus: By focusing on specific keywords or phrases, scanning helps you maintain focus on
your goal, preventing information overload and cognitive fatigue.
Time-saving: Scanning is particularly useful when you need to find information quickly, such
as when searching for a specific name, date, or statistic in a large document.

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Productivity: It enhances productivity by streamlining the process of gathering information,

allowing you to accomplish tasks more efficiently and effectively.
Overall, scanning is a valuable skill that enhances information retrieval, time management,
and productivity in various contexts, from academic research to everyday tasks.

SQ3R
SQ3R is a widely-used reading strategy designed to improve comprehension and retention of
written material. The acronym stands for Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review,
representing the five key steps of the method. Initially, the reader surveys the text by quickly
scanning headings, subheadings, and visuals to get an overview of the content. Next, they
generate questions based on the material, which helps to actively engage with the text and
establish a purpose for reading. Then, they read the text carefully, looking for answers to their
questions and taking notes as needed. After reading, they recite or summarize the main ideas
in their own words to reinforce understanding, followed by reviewing the material to solidify
retention. SQ3R is an effective approach for approaching academic texts, textbooks, and other
complex written material.

How to implement it?

Here's how to implement the SQ3R method:
Survey: Begin by surveying the text by quickly scanning headings, subheadings, and any
visuals to get an overview of the content. Pay attention to any bolded or italicized text, as well
as summaries or key points at the beginning or end of chapters.
Question: Generate questions based on the material you’ve surveyed. Ask yourself what you
expect to learn from the text and what information you need to gather to meet your reading
goals. These questions will guide your reading and help you stay focused.
Read: Read the text carefully, actively seeking answers to the questions you generated. Take
notes as you read, highlighting key points, important details, and any information that
addresses your questions. Pay attention to how the material is organized and how ideas are
presented.
Recite: After reading a section or chapter, pause and recite or summarize the main ideas in
your own words. This step helps reinforce understanding and retention by requiring you to
process and articulate the information.
Review: Once you’ve completed reading the entire text or a significant portion of it, review
your notes and the material you’ve recited. Reflect on the main ideas, key points, and any

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areas where you may need further clarification or review. This final step helps solidify your
understanding and retention of the material.
By following these steps, you can effectively use the SQ3R method to improve comprehension,
retention, and engagement with written material.

Importance
The SQ3R method is valuable for several reasons:
Enhanced Comprehension: By actively engaging with the text through surveying, questioning,
and summarizing, SQ3R promotes deeper understanding and better retention of information.
Improved Focus: The structured approach of SQ3R helps readers maintain focus and purpose
while reading, reducing the likelihood of distraction and improving concentration.
Efficient Reading: SQ3R encourages efficient reading by guiding readers to identify key
information quickly and prioritize their attention based on their reading goals.
Effective Note-Taking: The method encourages the systematic organization of notes, making it
easier to review and study later on. This enhances learning and reinforces understanding.
Long-Term Retention: By actively engaging with the material through recitation and review,
SQ3R helps transfer information from short-term to long-term memory, promoting lasting
retention.
Overall, the SQ3R method is an effective tool for academic success, information processing,
and lifelong learning, as it promotes active reading, critical thinking, and effective study
habits.

Conclusion
Critical reading emerged as a pivotal skill, enabling active engagement with texts, analytical
thinking, and informed evaluation. Skimming and scanning offered efficient techniques for
quickly extracting information, while SQ3R provided a structured approach for
comprehensive understanding and retention. Together, these strategies empower readers to
navigate through a sea of information with purpose, focus, and effectiveness, ultimately
enhancing comprehension, retention, and critical thinking skills.

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References
Mathla’ul Huda Parung Panjang-Bogor.
Language). 5(2), 1-11. https://ejournal.uhn.ac.id/index.php/jetafl/article/view/119
Liao, H. C., & Wang, Y. H. (2018). Using comprehension strategies for students' self-efficacy,
Anxiety, and proficiency in reading English as a foreign language. Social Behavior and
Personality: an international journal, 46(3), 447-458.

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