a.

Anus
b. Esophagus
Salivary glands c. Liver
d. Large intestine
pharynx e. Mouth
f. Pancreas
g. Rectum
h. Small intestine
i. Stomach
j. teeth

https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/digestion-and-absorption/absorption-and-assimilation/
 Learning Objectives

Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation, and excretion

(S8LT-lVa-13)
1. Identify the organs that make up the digestive system;
2. Describe the functions of each organ of the digestive system and
trace the pathway of food through the digestive tract.
3. Discuss how digestive organs work together to carry out
digestion of food and assimilation of nutrient
 Digestive System

https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-6-human-physiology/61-digestion-and-
absorption/digestive-system.html
 Digestive System

https://www.docsity.com/en/news/education-2/systems-human-body-interactive-gifs/
https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/digestion-and-absorption/absorption-and-assimilation/
 Digestive Enzymes

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-dutchess-ap1/chapter/anatomy-of-organs-of-the-digestive-system-and-
their-functions/
https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/digestion-and-absorption/absorption-and-assimilation/
 Digestive System

https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-6-human-physiology/61-digestion-and-
absorption/digestive-system.html
 What are the two main parts
of digestive organs?

Organs of the
Alimentary tract (canal)
Accessory Organs

https://byjus.com/biology/alimentary-canal-anatomy/
 Organs of the
Alimentary tract (canal)
-mainly referred to as the pathway by which food
enters our body and moves out through the anus
after digestion. It is a tube-like structure that starts
from the mouth and ends in the anus. The
alimentary canal plays a primary role in human
digestion and is also termed the “digestive tract.
https://byjus.com/biology/alimentary-canal-anatomy/
Accessory Organs
- organs that secrete substances
needed for the chemical digestion of
food, but through which food does not
actually pass as it is digested. The
accessory organs include the liver,
gallbladder, and pancreas.
Ingestion (Digestive System):

Ingestion refers to the intake of food into the

body through the mouth. Food is broken down
into smaller pieces by chewing and mixed with
saliva, which contains enzymes to start the
digestion process.
Digestion (Digestive System):

After ingestion, the food travels down the

esophagus into the stomach, where it is further
broken down by gastric juices containing
hydrochloric acid and enzymes. This process
turns the food into a semi-liquid substance
called chyme.
Absorption (Digestive System):

From the stomach, chyme enters the small

intestine, where the majority of nutrient
absorption takes place. The small intestine is
lined with villi and microvilli, which increase its
surface area for absorption. Nutrients such as
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and
minerals are absorbed into the bloodstream
through the walls of the small intestine.
Assimilation (Circulatory System):

Once absorbed, nutrients enter the

bloodstream and are transported to cells
throughout the body by the circulatory system
(blood vessels). Oxygen and nutrients are
delivered to cells, where they are used for
energy production, growth, and repair. Cells
assimilate these nutrients, incorporating them
into their structures and metabolic processes.
Assimilation (Circulatory System):

Once absorbed, nutrients enter the

bloodstream and are transported to cells
throughout the body by the circulatory system
(blood vessels). Oxygen and nutrients are
delivered to cells, where they are used for
energy production, growth, and repair. Cells
assimilate these nutrients, incorporating them
into their structures and metabolic processes.
Respiration (Respiratory System):

Oxygen is necessary for cellular respiration, the

process by which cells produce energy. The
respiratory system facilitates the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body
and the environment. Oxygen is inhaled into
the lungs, where it diffuses into the
bloodstream and is carried by red blood cells to
cells throughout the body. Carbon dioxide, a
waste product of cellular metabolism, is
transported from the cells to the lungs and
exhaled from the body.
Excretion (Excretory System):

Waste products from cellular metabolism, as

well as undigested food components and other
toxins, are eliminated from the body through
the excretory system. The kidneys filter waste
products and excess substances from the
bloodstream, producing urine, which is
excreted from the body through the urinary
system. Other waste products, such as carbon
dioxide, are eliminated through respiration
(exhaled from the lungs) and through the
digestive system (excreted as feces).
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