1 Testing Electronic Components

Lesson 1:
Testing Electronic
Component
JERIC E. CANTILLANA
April 22, 2024

Most Essential Learning Competencies:
a. Determine criteria for testing electronics components.

b. Plan an approach for components testing.
c. Test components.
d. Evaluate the testing process.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION, INC. | Mindfulness, Service, Excellence, Unity, Fortitude
Learning Objectives:
• Identify the types of electronic components.

• Enumerate the criteria for testing electronic
components.
• Describe the testing methods and strategies for
electronic components.
• Test electronic components.
• Explain the procedures in resolving issues.
Electronics
“Field of Science and
Engineering which deals
with electronic devices and
their origin or design and
engineering and their
utilization.”
-Institute of Radio
Electronics (1950)
Electronic Device
A device which conduction

takes place by the
movement of electron
through a vacuum, a gas or
a semiconductor.
Electronic Components
• Any basic discrete device or
physical entity in an
electronic system used to
affect electrons or their
associated fields.
• Intended to be connected
together to create an
electronic circuit with a
particular function.
Classifications
of Electronic
Components
Classifications of Electronic
Components
1. Passive Electronic Components
These resist, store, or control the flow of electric current
or voltage in a circuit without actively amplifying or
generating signals.
2. Active Electronic Components

These require an external power source for their
operation, enabling them to manipulate an applied signal
to achieve a desired output signal.
Active Components Passive Components
It can produce electric It can consume electrical
energy. energy.
It contributes power gain to It contributes no power gain
a circuit. (amplification) to a circuit.
Require external source. Do not require external

source.
Source: https://www.oreilly.com/api/v2/epubs/9789332514867/files/images/1.png
Passive Component
1) Resistors • Two-terminal electrical
component.
• Implements electrical
resistance as a circuit
element.
• Used to reduce current
flow, adjust signal levels,
to divide voltages, bias
active elements, and
terminate transmission
Source: https://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/electronic-axial-lead-resistors-
array1482703674259212598.jpg
lines, among other uses.
Passive Component
2) Inductors
• Also known as coils or
chokes.
• Opposes sudden change
in current.
• Used in most electrical
circuits to store energy in
the form of magnetic
energy when the current
flows through it.
Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Electronic_component_
inductors.jpg/220px-Electronic_component_inductors.jpg
Passive Component
3) Capacitors • Consists of two electrical
conductors separated by a
distance that can be filled
by vacuum or with an
insulating material
(dielectric).
• An energy storage, power
conditioning, electronic
noise filtering, and remote
Source:
sensing.
https://images.ctfassets.net/4yflszkpcwkt/6Y2TsR3c4hiTNG9fZiCJca/6f07e525a1ffa
b22ba9a040b311f3687/capacitors.jpg
Source: https://www.oreilly.com/api/v2/epubs/9789332514867/files/images/1.png
Active Component
1) Tube Devices
a. Vacuum tube devices
• Also called valve (British).
• Used for a number of
things like amplifying a
signal.
• Used in many older model
radios, television sets, and
amplifiers to control
electric current flow.
Source: https://static.javatpoint.com/computer/images/what-is-a-vacuum-tube1.jpg
Active Component
1) Tube Devices b. Gas Discharge Tube
• A sealed, glass-enclosed
device that contains an inert
gas mixture trapped
between two electrodes.
• A lightning protection tubes.
• When a voltage greater than
the GDT's rating is
exceeded, the increased
voltage ionizes the gas
allowing it to conduct
Source: https://www.eurotronix.com/images/categories/1549356121-
descargadoresDeGasa700px.jpg
electricity and divert the
excess voltage to ground.
Active Component
2) Semiconductor devices
a) Diodes
• Act as a one-way
switch for current.
• Used as rectifiers,
signal limiters, voltage
regulators, switches,
signal modulators,
signal mixers, signal
demodulators, and
Source: https://electronicslovers.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Diode.jpg
oscillators.
Active Component
2) Semiconductor devices
b) Transistors
• Usually with at least
three terminals for
connection to an
electronic circuit.
• Used to amplify or
switch electrical signals
Source: https://circuitdigest.com/sites/default/files/field/image/Different-types-of-Transistor.jpg
and power.
Testing Methods for Electronic
Components
1) Automated Testing Method
A software testing
technique that automates
the process of validating
the functionality of
software and ensures it
meets requirements
before being released into
production.
Source: https://cdn.ttgtmedia.com/rms/onlineimages/software_quality-test_types-f.png
The process of finding and
2) Debugging fixing errors or bugs in the
source code of any software.
3) Inspection
A peer review of software
to identify bugs or defects
at the early stages of
SDLC. It is a formal review
that ensures the
documentation produced
during a given stage is
consistent with previous
stages and conforms to Source: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/software_testing_dictionary/images/inspection.jpg
preestablished rules and

standards.
4) Platform Testing Method
• A type of software testing

that verifies the features
and functions of a
software application.
• This ensures the delivery
of a quality product.
5) Prototype Testing
It consists of creating a
design mock-up or a feature
prototype and gathering
feedback from your target
audience on what works
and what doesn't. It helps
teams to identify potential
issues or validate product
decisions.
Testing Strategies for
Electronic Components
1) Passive Testing
Measures the
capacity to receive
and store the
energy coming from
the active electronic
components.
Source: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/9hE6Ua68XdE/maxresdefault.jpg
2) Dynamic Testing Static testing checks
code, requirements,
and design
documents for errors,
while dynamic testing
checks the
functionality of a
software system,
memory, CPU usage,
and overall system
performance.
It focuses in testing the
3) In-circuit Testing efficiency of the circuit
board.
Source: https://absolutepcbassembly.b-cdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/in-circuit-testing.jpg
Criteria for Testing
Electronic
Components
1) Control
Can you use the system

or equipment in testing
the components?
2) Effectiveness
Does the measurement

obtained match with the
manufacturer’s?
3) Efficiency
Were you able to test the

component without
wasting time and
resources?
4) Bug Detection
Were you able to detect

the error or problem in
the equipment or in the
component tested?
5) Functionality
What can the

component being tested
do?
6) Interoperability
Can the electronic

component exchange or
access data without
interruption?
7) Performance
Do the components
perform their functions?
8) Reliability
Did the component

perform well before
having a problem?
Performance Task 1
• Using a Multimeter, test at least three (2) electronic
components.
• Record the testing process and upload the file to your
Google Drive.
• Send the link of the file to the GC.
Guide:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_9GldZp9dE
References
• https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/basic-electronic-
components-types-functions-symbols-sunlily-zhang
• https://www.protoexpress.com/kb/basic-components-
overview/#:~:text=Some%20of%20the%20most%20commo
nly,switches%2C%20ICs%2C%20and%20connectors.
• https://www.slideshare.net/DeepjyotiMahanta2/electroni
c-components-ppt
• https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/how-do-you-
create-electronic-testing-procedures
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/electronic-components/

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Lesson 1:

April 22, 2024

a. Determine criteria for testing electronics components.

• Identify the types of electronic components.

A device which conduction

2. Active Electronic Components

Require external source. Do not require external

preestablished rules and

• A type of software testing

Can you use the system

Does the measurement

Were you able to test the

Were you able to detect

What can the

Can the electronic

Did the component

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