JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

CODE / COURSE NAME : DUW10012 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND

HEALTH

TUGASAN 2 : MENGENALPASTI HAZARD DI POLITEKNIK UNGKU

OMAR

LECTURER NAME : PUAN JUNAIDAH

CLASS : DSB1A

GROUP MEMBER :
1. MUHAMAD FAIZ BIN MOHADZAIDEL – 01DSB23F2003
2. AMMAR HUSAINI BIN JEFFERY – 01DSB23F2013
3. AHMAD HANZALAH BIN AZHAR – 01DSB23F2015
4. MUAMMAR HAQEEM BIN MOHAMAD HISYAM- 01DSB23F1071

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Table of Contents
Definition of hazard..................................................................................................................3
1. Hazard..............................................................................................................................3
1.1. What is meaning of hazard ?.....................................................................................3
1.2. Types of hazard.............................................................................................................4
1. Physical hazard.............................................................................................................4
2. Chemical hazards..........................................................................................................4
3. Biological hazards.........................................................................................................5
4. Ergonomic hazards.......................................................................................................5
5. Electricity hazards.........................................................................................................6
6. mechanical hazards......................................................................................................6
1.3. Symbols of hazard.........................................................................................................7
1.3.1. List of common hazard symbols.............................................................................8
1.4. Identify hazard in Politeknik Ungku Omar.....................................................................9
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................13
Reference...............................................................................................................................14

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Definition of hazard

A hazard is defined as "the potential occurrence of a natural or human-

induced physical event or trend that may cause loss of life, injury, or other
health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure,
livelihoods, service provision, ecosystems and environmental resources

1. Hazard

1.1. What is meaning of hazard ?

 The term "hazard" refers to a condition, event, or situation with the potential to
cause harm, damage, or adverse effects to individuals, property, or the
environment. Hazards can come in various forms, such as physical hazards
(e.g., machinery, sharp objects), chemical hazards (e.g., toxic substances,
flammable materials), biological hazards (e.g., pathogens, infectious agents),
ergonomic hazards (e.g., repetitive motions, poor posture), or environmental
hazards (e.g., extreme temperatures, natural disasters). Understanding and
identifying hazards is crucial for implementing appropriate measures to
mitigate risks and ensure safety in various contexts, including workplaces,
homes, and communities.

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1.2. Types of hazard

1. Physical hazard

 A physical hazard is an agent, factor or circumstance that can cause harm

with contact. They can be classified as type of occupational hazard or
environmental hazard. Physical hazards include ergonomic hazards,
radiation, heat and cold stress, vibration hazards, and noise hazards.
Engineering controls are often used to mitigate physical hazards

2. Chemical hazards

 Chemical hazards are typical of hazardous chemicals and hazardous

materials in general. Exposure to certain chemicals can cause acute or long-
term adverse health effects. Chemical hazards are usually classified
separately from biological hazards (biohazards). Main classifications of
chemical hazards include asphyxiants, corrosives, irritants, sensitizers,
carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, reactants, and flammables.

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 3. Biological hazards

 A biological hazard, or biohazard, is a biological substance that poses a threat

(or is a hazard) to the health of living organisms, primarily humans. This could
include a sample of a microorganism, virus or toxin that can adversely affect
human health. A biohazard could also be a substance harmful to other living
beings.

4. Ergonomic hazards

 Ergonomic hazards are physical conditions that may pose a risk of injury to
the musculoskeletal system due to poor ergonomics. These hazards include
awkward or static postures, high forces, repetitive motion, or short intervals
between activities. The risk of injury is often magnified when multiple factors
are present
Environmental, operational, or design factors can all negatively impact a worker
or user; examples include whole-body or hand/arm vibration, poor lighting, or poorly
designed tools, equipment, or workstations. Some of the common body regions
where injuries may occur include:
 Muscles or ligaments of the lower back
 Muscles or ligaments of the neck
 Muscles, tendons, or nerves of the hands/wrists
 Bones and muscles surrounding the knees and legs

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5. Electricity hazards

 Electricity is a hazard, as it has the potential to cause harm, but if properly

managed, the likelihood of harm being caused is minimal. Although, the
severity of electrical hazards (sometimes referred to as consequence) when
things go wrong will potentially be fatal or life changing.

6. mechanical hazards

 Mechanical hazard where injury or damage may be done by one or more

objects moving towards each other, crushing or shearing whatever comes
between them. A nip point is a type of pinch point involving rotating objects,
such as gears and pulleys. Injuries can range from minor such as blisters to
severe like amputations and fatalities.

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1.3. Symbols of hazard

 Hazard symbols or warning symbols are recognisable symbols designed to

warn about hazardous or dangerous materials, locations, or objects, including
electromagnetic fields, electric currents; harsh, toxic or unstable chemicals
(acids, poisons, explosives); and radioactivity.
 Hazard symbols may appear with different colors, backgrounds, borders, and
supplemental information in order to specify the type of hazard and the level
of threat (for example, toxicity classes).
 Warning symbols are used in many places in place of or in addition to written
warnings as they are quickly recognized (faster than reading a written
warning) and more universally understood, as the same symbol can be
recognized as having the same meaning to speakers of different languages

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1.3.1. List of common hazard symbols

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1.4. Identify hazard in Politeknik Ungku Omar

1. Damaged barrier fence

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 Location : Campus B, Politeknik Ungku Omar near Architectural Building

 Recommendation : Placing warning notices for students who damage

government property and placing safety notices to prevent any accidents to
polytechnic citizens

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2. Damaged floor at storage’s floor

 Location : Campus B, Politeknik Ungku Omar near Architectural Building

 Recommendation : Do improvements for the unsafety floor like a maintenance

as soon as possible to prevent any accidents will happen among polytechnic
citizens especially cleaner who works for the campus.

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3. Damaged brick at student pedestrian site

 Location at Campus B,Politeknik UNGKU Omar facing Architecture Faculty

 Recommendation Placing Generic caution and put a safety nett surrounding

this tiles to attract the attention of student or lecturer to avoid this area and to
prevent any minor or serious injury toward any students and lecturer.
 This is to prevent any unwanted injury and to aware anyone who walk through
this area to be more careful or watch their step and also a warning sign to
authorities to do a maintaining at damaged area in future.

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4. Damaged wooden floor at resting hut

 Location at Campus B,Politeknik UNGKU Omar facing Architecture Faculty

 Recommendation:Avoid any students from approaching approaching this hut

due to unsafety reason that can damaged themselves in future.
 There is big hole in the middle of the wooden floor hut showing this
construction were very old and need to be supervise again as soon as
possible by the authorities to make sure this place can be saved or not.
 During the manteinance process,it is important to put a warning sign at this
area such as warning tape to prevent the students from sitting at this hut and
causes any injury.

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5. Damage Cafeteria Table

 Location at KAMSIS cafeteria ,Politeknik UNGKU Omar

 Recommendation:Avoid any students from using this and any other table that
don’t stand straight vertically.
 The unstable surface can cause various unpleasant outcome, both minor and
major injuries
 The applied screw has loosen over time, creating screeching sound effects

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6. Lack of lamp pose around the Campus

 Location at the main road around both Campus

 Recommendation: Avoid walking or driving at night without a torchlight for
pedestrian and headlights for vehicle drivers.
 The lamp pose can provide more secure vision and walkway for students to
use during night-time.
 The lack of lamp pose can cause dangerous accident, since the main road is
too dark.

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Conclusion

In conclusion, the analysis of hazards from a long-term perspective

emphasizes the critical importance of comprehensively grasping and actively
addressing persistent threats to safety, health, and environmental well-being. By
acknowledging the intricate interplay of various factors contributing to these hazards,
including natural phenomena, human activities, and systemic vulnerabilities, we can
develop holistic strategies aimed at reducing risks and mitigating impacts over time.
This approach entails not only immediate actions but also sustained
monitoring and adaptive measures to effectively respond to evolving challenges.
Embracing proactive measures involves continuous evaluation, adjustment, and
enhancement of mitigation efforts to effectively safeguard communities and
ecosystems.
Furthermore, promoting resilience through the adoption of sustainable
practices and robust contingency planning is crucial for enhancing adaptive capacity
and minimizing vulnerability to future hazards. Collaboration among stakeholders
from diverse sectors is essential in navigating the complexities of long-term hazards
and implementing comprehensive solutions that prioritize safety, health, and
environmental sustainability for both present and future generations.

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Reference

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_hazard
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_hazard
3. https://www.scribd.com/document/437880736/Hazard
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomic_hazard
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosocial_hazard
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinch_point_hazard
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_symbol

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