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Các Loại Mạng Tinh Thể
Các Loại Mạng Tinh Thể
Bravais Lattice
There are 14 different basic System Lengths & Number of
crystal lattices Angles Lattices
Cubic a=b=c 3
α = β = γ = 90°
Definition according to
Tetragonal a =b ≠ c 2
unit cell edge lengths and angles
α = β = γ = 90°
a Orthorhombic a ≠ b ≠c 4
b α = β = γ = 90°
Rhombohedral a= b= c 1
α = β = γ ≠ 90°
c Monoclinic a ≠ b ≠c 2
β α = γ = 90° ≠ β
Triclinic a≠b ≠ c 1
γ α α≠β≠γ
Hexagonal a= b ≠ c 1
α = β = 90°
γ = 120°
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Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
Bravais Lattices
cubic rhombohedral
tetragonal monoclinic
Layer Sequence
fcc
face centered
cubic
hcp
hexagonal
close packed
ABA: ABC:
hcp fcc
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Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
Diamond Lattice
y
x View with bonds
a / 4
a / 4
a / 4
fcc Lattice with Basis
(000) a, (1/4,1/4,1/4) a
Examples:
Diamond, Silicon, Germanium
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Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
h
de Broglie: λ = = 0,006 nm
p
b) Copper-Kα-Radiation
λ = 0,154 nm.
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Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
charakteristic radiation
Bremsstrahlung
minimal
wavelength
Alternative:
Synchrotron- hc Copper-Anode, 38 kV
hv = = eU
radiation λ 7
Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
Debye-Scherrer Method
Crystals Film
Diffraction pattern
of a fcc-crystal
(MgO)
Debye-Scherrer Method
Debye-Scherrer Method
Salt Crystal
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Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
Debye-Scherrer Method
FeCo – Crystal
ordered: sc (with Basis)
unordered: bcc
sc
Structure factor bcc:
Sum of all indices must
bcc be even!
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Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
Laue Method
Gerthsen Physik 12
Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
Laue Method
Diffraction on Si
(fcc with basis)
direction <100>
4-fold
symmetry!
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Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
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Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
structure reconstruction
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Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
virus capsid
Protein structure
databank:
www.rcsb.org
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Kapitel 1.1: Crystal structure Advanced solid state physics SS2014
quasi-crystals
(Al-Pd-Mn) quasicrystal
Ho-Mg-Zn quasi-crystal
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