Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Chapter 14 b CnH2n+2
c 2-methylpentane and 2,3-dimethylbutane
[1]
[1]
1 a structural isomerism [1]
2-methylpentane
i C6H14 [1] Examiner’s tip
ii CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3 [1] This is a two-mark question, so look for a two-part
iii H H H H H
answer.

H C C C C C H d compounds with the same molecular formula [1]

but different structural formulae
H H H H (or displayed formulae) [1]
H C H e 2,4-dimethylpentane [1]
Total = 18
 H [1]
iv 2 a no double bonds / only single bonds [1]
compound of C and H only [1]
 [1] b non-polar nature / lack of polarity [1]
3-ethylpentane of C H bond [1]
i C7H16 [1] c i CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
ii CH3CH2CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH3 [1] [1 mark for correct formulae;
iii H 1 mark for balancing] [2]
ii C2H6 + 312 O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
H C H or
2C2H6 + 7O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O
[1 mark for correct formulae;
H C H
H H H H 1 mark for balancing] [2]

H C C C C C H Examiner’s tip
Did you attempt question 2, part c? Part c i is
 H H H H H [1] comparatively easy – you only needed to get the
iv formulae of the reactants and products correct! Often a
question that looks quite hard will have some easy marks.

 [1] Total = 8
2,3-dimethylbutane
i C6H14 [1] 3 a free-radical substitution [1]
ii CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)2 [1] b CH4 + Br2 → CH3Br + HBr
[1 mark for correct formulae;
iii H
1 mark for balancing] [2]
H C H c homolytic fission [1]
H H H
Examiner’s tip
H C C C C H
You will get questions like this on your A-level exam. If
H H H
you don’t learn the terms and definitions in this course
H C H you will lose some very easy marks.

 H [1]
iv

 [1]

AS and A Level Chemistry © Cambridge University Press Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 14 1
 d UV/sunlight [1] iii H3C CH2 CH3
to break Br Br bond [1]
e i Br2 → 2Br • C C
[1 mark for correct formulae;
 H H [1]
1 mark for showing free radicals correctly] [2]
iv
ii Br • + CH4 → CH3 • + HBr
or  [1]
CH3 • + Br2 → CH3Br + Br • trans-pent-2-ene
[1 mark for correct formulae; i C5H10 [1]
1 mark for showing free radicals correctly] [2] ii CH3CH2CH CHCH3 [1]
iii CH3 • + Br • → CH3Br iii H3C CH2 H
or
C C
CH3 • + CH3 • → C2H6
[1 mark for correct formulae; H CH3
1 mark for showing free radicals correctly] [2]  [1]
Total = 12 iv
 [1]
4 a Mr = 30.0 [1] b CnH2n [1]
c cis- and trans-pent-2-ene [1]
1.50 d restricted rotation at double bond; [1]
is 0.0500 mol [1]
30.0 each carbon in the C C double bond has
b Mr = 64.5 [1] two different groups attached [1]
e H3C CH2 H H3C H
1.29
is 0.0200 mol [1]
64.5 C C C C

0.0200 H H H3C H
c  [1]
0.0500 but-1-ene methylpropene
= 40.0% [1]
H3C CH3 H3C H
Examiner’s tip C C C C
Parts a, b and c of this question are very common A-level
questions. Try this question again tomorrow. Practise H H H CH3
the method!
cis-but-2-ene trans-but-2-ene
[1 mark for each structure;
d 0.05 × 0.6 × 64.5 [1]
1 mark for each name] [8]
= 1.94 g [1]
Total = 8 f H3C CH2 CH3 H3C CH3

C C C C
5 a
propene H3C H H3C CH2 H
i C3H6 [1]
trans-methyl-pent-2-ene cis-methyl-pent-2-ene
ii CH3CH CH2 [1]
iii H3C [1 mark for each correct isomer;
H
1 mark for cis/trans labelled correctly] [3]
C C Total = 27
 H H [1] 6 a CH3CH CH2 + Br2 → CH3CHBrCH2Br [1]
iv b CH3CH CH2 + H2 → CH3CH2CH3 [1]
 [1] nickel catalyst [1]
cis-pent-2-ene manufacture of margarine [1]
i C5H10 [1] c CH3CH CH2 + HBr
ii CH3CH2CH CHCH3 [1]  → CH3CH2CH2Br or CH3CHBrCH3   [2]

2 Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 14 AS and A Level Chemistry © Cambridge University Press
 d CH3CH CH2 + H2O
→ CH3CH2CH2OH or CH3CHOHCH3 [2] Examiner’s tip
H3PO4 catalyst [1] Once again, this is a very common exam question.
Practise answering it! Check the electric charges at each
Examiner’s tip stage – there is no total charge at the start, so there is no
Once again, easy marks are available for the recall of total charge at the intermediate stage and no total charge
facts. In this question there are two marks for recalling at the end.
the names of two catalysts. Make sure you learn these
as questions like this will come up on your exam. e Br2 [1]
An electrophile is an electron-pair acceptor. [1]
Total = 9 Total = 11

7 a having one or more C C double bonds [1] 9 a Mr = 28.0 [1]

b As well as a σ bond [1] 2.80
there is a π bond caused by overlapping 2.80 g is mol = 0.100 mol [1]
28.0
p orbitals. [1]
b Mr = 99.0 [1]
Examiner’s tip 8.91
8.91 g is mol = 0.0900 mol [1]
A labelled diagram might be an easy way to score the 99.0
marks in question c.
0.0900
c  [1]
c planar [1] 0.100
all bond angles about 120° [1]
= 90.0% [1]
d a functional group gives particular chemical
d 80.0% of 0.100 mol is 0.0800 mol [1]
properties [1]
0.0800 mol is 0.0800 × 99.0 g = 7.92 g [1]
C C double bond [1]
Total = 8
e add bromine water; [1]
alkenes decolorise it [1]
Total = 9 10 a H H H H

n C C C C
8 a electrophilic addition [1]
b C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2 [2] H Cl H Cl
c heterolytic fission [1]  n [1]
d H displayed formula of poly(chloroethene) [1]
H H for brackets and n [1]
C H C Br b take up valuable space [1]
Br Br Br
C δ+ δ– C because they are non-biodegradable [1]
H H H
+
H
c HCl is acidic; [1]
it can be removed by neutralising it with
H a basic substance, e.g. calcium hydroxide /
dissolving it in water to form hydrochloric acid [1]
H C Br Total = 7
H C Br

H
instantaneous dipole on bromine molecule [1]
curly arrow from double bond [1]
bond breaking in bromine molecule [1]
bond forming from bromide ion [1]
structure of product [1]

AS and A Level Chemistry © Cambridge University Press Answers to end-of-chapter questions: Chapter 14 3