BTBS101

Matsyodari Shikshan Sanstha’s

College of Engineering & Technology, Jalna.
Department of Basic Science & Humanities
Question Bank
Unit No. 3

Application of Partial Differentiation

∂(𝑥,𝑦)
1. If 𝑥 = 𝑟cos⁡𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑟sin⁡𝜃, then find is... ⁡Ans.⁡ 𝑟
∂(𝑟,𝜃)
∂(𝑢,𝑣)
2. ⁡If 𝑢 = 𝑥 (1 − 𝑦)𝑣 = 𝑥𝑦,⁡then⁡find =⋯ ⁡ Ans. 𝑥
∂(𝑥,𝑦)
∂(𝑢,𝑣)
3. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑣 = 𝑦 2 , find Ans. 4𝑥𝑦
∂(𝑥,𝑦)
𝑦−𝑥 ∂(𝑢,𝑣)
4. If 𝑢 = and 𝑣 = tan−1𝑦 − tan−1𝑥, find Ans. 0
1+𝑥𝑦 ∂(𝑥,𝑦)
∂(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
5. If 𝑢 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧, 𝑣 = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥, 𝑤 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧, compute .
∂(𝑥,𝑦𝑧)

Ans. (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥)

∂(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
6. If 𝑥 = 𝑟cos𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑟sin𝜃, 𝑧 = 𝑧 find .
∂(𝑟,𝜃,𝑧)
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥𝑛−1
7. If 𝑢1 = , 𝑢2 = … … 𝑢𝑛−1 = and
𝑥𝑛 𝑥𝑛 𝑥𝑛
∂(𝑢1 ,𝑢2 ,….𝑢𝑛−1 ) 1
𝑥12 + 𝑥22 + 𝑥32 + ⋯ … . +𝑥𝑛2 = 1 find . Ans. 𝑛−1
∂(𝑥1 ,𝑥2 ,…𝑥𝑛−1 ) 𝑥𝑛
∂(𝑦1 ,𝑦2 ,𝑦3 ),
8. Find the value of ,
∂(𝑥1 ,𝑥2 ,𝑥3 )
if⁡𝑦1 = (1 − 𝑥1), 𝑦2 − 𝑥1 (1 − 𝑥2 ), 𝑦3 − 𝑥1𝑥2 (1 − 𝑥3 ) Ans. −𝑥12 𝑥2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 ∂(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
9. If 𝑢 = ,𝑣 = ,𝑤 = then show that = 0.
𝑦−𝑧 𝑧−𝑥 𝑥−𝑦 ∂(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
∂(𝑥,𝑦) 1
10. Given 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 , 𝑣 = 2𝑥𝑦, calculate . Ans.
∂(𝑢,𝑣) 4(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )
𝑢+𝑣 ∂(𝑢,𝑣) (𝑢−𝑣)2
11. If 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑣, 𝑦 = , find . Ans.
𝑢−𝑣 ∂(𝑥,𝑦) 4𝑢𝑣
BTBS101

∂(𝑟,𝜃,𝜑) 1
12. If 𝑥 = 𝑟sin𝜃cos𝜙, 𝑦 = 𝑟sin𝜃sin𝜙, 𝑧 = 𝑟cos𝜃, find .Ans.
∂(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧) 𝑟 2 sin⁡𝜃
∂(𝑥,𝑦) ∂(𝑢,𝑣)
13. If 𝑥 = 𝑢(1 − 𝑣), 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣, verify that × =1
∂(𝑢,𝑣) ∂(𝑥,𝑦)
∂(𝑥,𝑦)
14. For the transformation 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑢 cos𝑣, 𝑦 = 𝑒 sin𝑣, prove that 𝑢
×
∂(𝑢,𝑣)
∂(𝑢,𝑣)
=1
∂(𝑥,𝑦)
𝑢
15. Verify 𝐽𝐽′ = 1, if 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑣, 𝑦 = .
𝑣
16. Verify 𝐽𝐽′ = 1, if 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑣 sec𝑢, 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑣 tan𝑢.

17. Verify 𝐽𝐽′ = 1, if 𝑥 = sin𝜃cos𝜙, 𝑦 = sin𝜃sin𝜙

18. If 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 cos⁡𝑦, 𝑣 − 𝑒 𝑥 sin⁡𝑦, where 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑟 + 𝑠𝑚, 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑟 − 𝑠𝑙,
∂(𝑢,𝑣) ∂(𝑥,𝑦) ∂(𝑢,𝑣)
verify × =
∂(𝑥,𝑦) ∂(𝑟,𝑠) ∂(𝑟,𝑠)
1 1 1
19. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 (1 − 𝑟 ) , 𝑣 = 𝑦(1 − 𝑟 2)−2 𝑤 = 𝑧 (1 − 𝑟 2 )−2 ⁡ where
2 −2
5
∂(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 Show that = (1 − 𝑟 2 )−2
∂(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
2 3 ∂(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
20. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑢 𝑣 − 𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑢 𝑤 − 𝑧, show that = 𝑢 −5
∂(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
∂(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)
21. If 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑤 = 𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑢𝑣𝑤 = 𝑧. Evaluate . Ans. 𝑢2 𝑣
∂(𝑢,𝑣,𝑤)
∂(𝑢,𝑣) 1 (𝑦 2 −𝑥 2 )
22. If 𝑢3 + 𝑣 3 = 𝑥 + 𝑦, ⁡𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 , show that = .
∂(𝑥,𝑦) 2 𝑢𝑣(𝑢−𝑣)

23. Expand 𝑒 𝑥 cos⁡𝑦 at (0,0) up to three terms.

24. Expand 𝑧 = 𝑒 2𝑥 cos3𝑦 in power series of 𝑥 and 𝑦 up to quadratic
terms.
25. Expand 𝑧 − 𝑒 2𝑥 cos3𝑦 in power series of 𝑥 and 𝑦 upto quadratic
9
terms. Ans. 1 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + ⋯
2
𝑥2
26. Show that 𝑒 𝑦 log⁡(1 + 𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 − approximately.
2
(𝑥+𝑦)3
27. Verify sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑦 − + ⋯…
3
28. Expand 𝑒 𝑥𝑦 at (1,1) up to three terms.
1
Ans. 𝑒 [1 + (𝑥 − 1) + (𝑦 − 1) + [(𝑥 − 1)2 + 4(𝑥 − 1)(𝑦 − 1) + (𝑦 − 1)2 ]
2!

29. Expand 𝑦 𝑥 at (1,1) up to second term

BTBS101

Ans. 1 + (𝑦 − 1) + (𝑥 − 1)(𝑦 − 1) + ⋯ ….
𝑎𝑥
30. Expand 𝑒 sin⁡𝑏𝑦 in powers of 𝑥 and 𝑦 as far as the terms of third
1
degree. Ans. 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑎𝑏𝑥𝑦 + (3𝑎2 𝑏𝑥 2𝑦 − 𝑏3𝑦 3 ) + ⋯
3!
31. Expand (𝑥 2 𝑦 + sin𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥 ) in powers of (𝑥 − 1) and (𝑥 − 𝜋).

1
Ans. 𝜋 + 𝑒 + (𝑥 − 1)(2𝜋 + 𝑒) + 2 (𝑥 − 1)2 (2𝜋 + 𝑒) + 2(𝑥 − 1)(𝑦 − 𝜋).

𝑥−1 (𝑥−1) 𝑦 2 2
32. Expand (1 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )1/2 at (1,0) Ans. √2 [1 + 4 − 32 + 4 + ⋯ ]
33. Expand sin(𝑥 + ℎ)(𝑦 + 𝑘) by Taylor's Theorem
1
Ans. sin⁡𝑥𝑦 + ℎ(𝑥 + 𝑦)cos⁡𝑥𝑦 + ℎ𝑘cos⁡𝑥𝑦 − 2 ℎ2 (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 sin⁡𝑥𝑦 + ⋯
34. Find the stationary points of the following functions
1 1
i. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 (1 − 𝑥 − 𝑦) Ans. ( , ) maximum
2 3

ii. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) − 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 15𝑥 2 − 15𝑦 3 + 72𝑥 Ans. (6,0), (40)

iii. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 Such that 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 = 1.
3 7 156
Ans. (− , − ) , − .
4 16 128
iv. 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) − 𝑥𝑦𝑒 −(3)+𝑏) Ans. (3,2)
35. Find the extreme value of the function
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5 State whether the value is a
relative maximum or a relative minimum.
Ans. Minimum value of 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) at (−𝟐, 𝟑) = −𝟐.
36. Find the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 for which 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑥 + 12 has a
minimum value and find this minimum value. Ans. (−3,0)⁡⁡,⁡⁡⁡3.
37. In a plane triangle 𝐴B𝐶, find the maximum values of
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶.
38. Find a point within a triangle such that the sum of the square of its
distances from the three angular points is a minimum.
39. Find the maximum and minimum value of

𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 3𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 2 + 4.
Ans. Maximum at {0,0} and minimum (2,0) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1.
40. Show that the greatest value of 𝑥 m 𝑦 𝑛 where 𝑥 and 𝑦 are positive
mm 𝑛𝑛 ⋅𝑎m+𝑛
and 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑎 is , where 𝑎 is constant.
(𝑚+𝑛)𝑚+n

41. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of the function
BTBS101

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 over the region2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 1.

42. Using Lagrange's method (of multipliers), find the critical
(stationary values) of the function𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 , given
that 𝑧 2 = 𝑥𝑦 + 1⁡ Ans. (0,0, −1), (0,0,1).
43. The sum, of three numbers is constant. Prove that their product is
a maximum when they are equal.
44. Using the method of Lagrange's multiplier, find the largest
product of the numbers 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 when𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 9.
Ans. 3√3
45. Find 𝑎 point in the plane 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 13 nearest to the point
3 5
(1,1,1) using the method of Lagrange's multipliers. Ans. ( , 2, )
2 2
46. Using the Lagrange's method (of multipliers), find the shortest
distance from the point (1,2,2) to the sphere𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36. Ans. 3
47. Find the shortest and the longest distances from the point
(1, 2, −1) to the 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 = 24 Ans √6, 3√6
48. The sum of the surfaces of a sphere and a cube is given. Show that
when the sum of the volumes is least, the diameter of the sphere is
equal to the edge of the cube.
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐2
49. If u= 2
+ 2
+ , where 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1, prove that the stationary
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
value of 𝑎 is given by 𝑥 = ,𝑦 = ,𝑧 =
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
3 2 3 2 2 2 −1 −1 −1
50. If 𝑎 = 𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑦 + 𝑐 𝑧 where𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1, show that
Σ𝑎 Σ𝑏 Σ𝑐
the stationary value of 𝑢 is given by 𝑥 = , 𝑦 = , 𝑧 =
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
51. Find maximum value of the expression ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑎𝑖 𝑥𝑖 with ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖2 = 1,
Where 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 𝑎3 ⁡𝑎𝑛 are positive constants.
1
Ans. {𝑎12 + 𝑎22 + ⋯ … + 𝑎𝑣2 }2
52. If 𝑥 and 𝑦 satisfy the relation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 𝑎𝑏, prove that the
extreme values of function ∥= 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 are given by the roots
of the equation 4(𝜇 − 𝑎)(𝜇 − 𝑏) = −𝑎𝑏
53. Use the Lagrange’s method of undetermined multipliers to find
the minimum value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 subject to the conditions 𝑥 +
𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1, 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 1 = 0.
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54. The temperature ' 𝑇 ' at any point (𝑥𝑦𝑧) in spoce is 𝑇(𝑥𝑦) = 𝑘𝑦𝑧 2
where 𝑘 is constant. Find the highest icmperature on the surface
𝑘𝑥 4
of the sphere𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑎2 . Ans.
⁡B
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
55. Prove that the stationary values of 𝛼 = + + , where 𝐿𝑥 +
44 𝑏4 𝑒4
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
𝑚𝑦 + 𝜅𝑧 = 0 and 2
+ 2
+ = 1 we the roos of the equation :
𝑠 𝑏 𝑐2
𝑟2 𝑒4 𝑚2 𝑏4 𝑛2 𝑐 4
+ + =0
𝑙−𝑎2 𝑢 1−𝑏2 𝑢 1−𝑐 2 𝑢