Name: Pe Cricef L Unit P1-04 ~ Motion and Forces in 2D. Lesson Notes. P1-04-1: Vectors You have studied six quantities that ape vectors. Lis those quantities here, = as Displacenn fd gcteteretern, Peaton: & > => sy Velocity Vv Force F Momentypn’ p” How do we indicate that an algebraic symbol represents @ vector quantity? Dror a mall afro over [hart y Explain what components of a vector are, Draw the components of vector 4 on the x diagram to the right - state the comppnents A, and Ay, Tell how bar left ya Nght 4 vector pe also how far up of chon Ayo, Explai in the process of adding vectors graphically. ct + Draw First verter Parting fm Ay =*1 EEEFEEEH brgn., Next Veer Fag Where Prerioas Vector encleck, How do you add vectors by components? f Jodo Yu i vets by mp A Resuitents X-compenent © adel x-conp of each verter} Regylturt 5 Y Comp rart = Add 9 Cony H Leach vectohal How do you find the components of a vector? 20 X-Comp = Maphrtudl2 06ds( clincerton nryle) : thaphuTuche 9 lectin ante) How cant You change a vector’s components inlo the Wector"s Ti IAl= Ag Which two students are idiots, and why? — Damel 5 rh? Wh ALP ae yn Sane direction, Bernard «5 ret ff ALB are in pperte elvrectons, ; ce - s BER meke isoceles rege ay 5 Cont get a fesultiant Are Chan (54S 0 Les Arh 1S-S2eece oot a Dy HE B02 1 Woe YP => = ‘Test Your Understanding: The vector 7 shown starts with components (40, 30) at time r= 0. Each second, the vertical component decreases by 10. Answer the following: When is 7 the shortest? £€ fC what is 7s shortest engin? 40 When is again the same length that it was at time s= 0? tb sec Is vector 7 ever zero? Explain: No , We always hag Ve¥o [Py2o need Vx20 andVy=O0 ‘Test Your Understanding: Vector A has magnitude 4. Vector B has magnitude $. You choose the of A and B. Choose those directions and show how to add A and B so that the resultant has: ‘A magnitude of 7. ‘A magnitude of | A magi x 4“‘Test Your Understanding: Let the vectors A = 5 @ 53.13° and B= 5 @~143.13°. Find the components of each vector, and Say teach veetor onthe grids below. Seal 53 Neg / LG Components: G7. 1) Ly A 5 @s(1420) lor B ‘Component: ct. 4 os, As ye ki ft A I A=5@ Bie =¢ 2 4 ) + 2B @f ae) R @ a eke [Rls bank By ba (z) \p}= a Lan (3) 217" * Because denomnater 'F neseTive, need to add a! subtree (60° fron thet ban” ‘When an object is a projectile, what is the shape of the path that it travels? (The answer is NOT “arc”). B ara bo ( a 1 190. 05, As terete ate es 5s How is the direction of velocity related to the parabolic path at each point? (Starts with a “T”,) Veloaty (5 dlways angen? ts Paty Eells 4What happens to the horizontal component of velocity as the projectile travels? Why? Vever changes [2° leAtor ret Fores 07 Z ‘What happens to the vertical component of the velocity as the projectile travels? Why? a pryec e) 4 : De creeses by 13% (a (0%) Chey secon, only fore ‘At what point in the path is the vertical eomponent ofthe velocity zero? Why? ROTA fly vat peak/hohest poh. Lrabenn is the speed of the projectile zero? Why? (p25 at tp Mever” | aluays have forreonta( CMD? AF Velocet What BHRETresion once ‘nét force at all points in the projectile’s path? Why? 7 xlwey 5 gown (only force acting (5 rarty) ‘What is the direction of acceleration at all points in the projectile’s path? Why? - // io Alwags own ( Frereing 1s alse aluays clun) ‘A person throws a ball in such a way that its speed is zero at one particular point in ype ae 7 ae person throw the ball? T ho yy ball, gtragnk ¢ up ee 2 at top far 4 Tiny Vrectan f Direction ‘Type of Motion _j-| Position on Equation Initial Velocit Horizontal [Conga Velo«tth)X = Ka Vox & Vox “Veet vertical eonston? aael [= ey CIC Vevey y= =V_5i0| ‘Test Your Understanding: A projectile travels from point A to point Gas feo below. Find the components of the velocity vector at point A. ‘Then determine the components of velocity at every other point; use the fact that each point occurs | second after the previous point. Also use g = 10 m/s". egos Pen my Loh mm Fill in this table:Constant Constant? (Horresntel | aunh ) Example I: A student throws a ball of the roof of the Chase Bank Building Dalles 125m above ihe ground oa ‘pall strike oft Dara How fast did the student throw the ball? (Use g 4 mis’) > OM Vgy> Solution: IDM Xe" Voy CLU 1 YoERSm Yr OM Jzle . iy Von E> x-fpko ol ie Mot Sketch a graph of each of the following as a function of time: PP = s é Yelourty Horizental Distance (m) age Time (5) Time (8) x 1 ) o BeseBSSSee) Attely afr Tm’) * Tine) Time) Important Points To Remember rola ‘The horizontal initial velocity is equal 0 ota (auach apeed| Voc Vo . The vertical initial velocity is equal to were =O tere Vos Xe Vot -ani_Go29 The projectile motion equations simplify to. “2 es , 6Carundetrlirounch Example 2: Tanner stands on the 30-m line of a metric football field (numbered 0 to 100 meters) and kicks a football at an angle of 53° with velocity of 25 m/s for a kickoff. Using find: e Vo cos = 25 00557 i Ung 2 Mo Sid = 25 999% 20% Aa 2 (a) the time the football is in the air (b) the n initial ¢ ter oe the ball lands on (c) the ee height the football vee 20M 42 MK reaches 1 a _ Yo #Vox € 2 Ye Vayt bel? ee Voy 7) t > Go)+ + (94) I fs + oo ec a % =pt US Highs tos “Ho = 2pe Eases x : er) ye +O) ~seon* 20 9=0 - 9-g =Q t,t ag) 070 poe= if Do b= Y9¢ Ketch «graph of enéh of the following as a funtion of time: 215 roof 4 gind : vee 7s ay = Gast Time (s) Times) Important Points To Remember About Ground-To-Ground Launch: rend a uM opposite ot intia( Verticr( Velocety Use this to find the time by __p 9G png nb Vy = Voy at _tolve Fa fur € = VeyShooting at a wall Example 3: tis November 22, 1963 in an alternate universe. The motorcade transporting President Kennedy is traveling down Main Street when Kennedy spots Oswald in. 4 much taller Book Depository low. Kennedy immediately draws a roshove and, at time =O, es an arrow directly at Oswald, The air does not affect the arrow in any way. Oswald tries to dodge the arrow by jumping out the window from rest at exactly time ¢= 0. SDUOM What are the components of the arrow’s initial | Atwhat height above the launch point does the arrow. velocity? | reach the b oS vnc BY ye jet tit \ _ (rc | 7 0 | | 20™ — = = | oo AL what time does the arrow reach the plane of the At what height above the launch point is Oswald when building? the arrow reaches the building? X = My # vor © = Yo thayt “are 240 2 bot J hee - Sati) 9> 20Example 4: At point 0 on the roof ofa building, a ball is shot from an initial height of 8 m with initial 10 mis at an angle of 37°. ‘The ball passes through poi flat ground at point C. Voy= Fill Vocas9 = (Ocapq= ol¥ 287%; the table below showing the time when the ball react vertical height of the ball, and the components of the ball’s velocity at each of the four lettered points. Finally, scales that represent the motion of this ball. ‘A (the highest point in its path), point B {at the same height as point O), and then lands on the $m La, tal V4 Vesmd= IDENT fA Te uiee the ball has taveled, the create the six projectile n ie graphs fo scale, with numer. ‘ical - X2o Ye rbe~ > Vox 42 Maem Time | Horizontal Distance Vertical Height Horizontal Velocity | Verfical Velocity ifs] x{m) ytm] vs [m/s] vy [m/s] o| O oO 4 iG |06 | 4S 3 o O e [pr | e2 4 6 =6 ely [te O ¢ ai! to find tithe =Vog— 7€ = E-DeE at A: To Fen time @B, Double tur for Avani) wknd te @C le quatiatic frmula! ye4 Vay E“ S9% = _ L OnF-F bE a, a, and BeIfa system does not accelerate, then the system obeys Newton’s Fir the object balance. Write Newton’s First Law in component form u Law, which states that all of the forces on the © sign. ae =O faces horrzonTaliry Dalanre lab + fre oNAr forces F.:0 verticel forces balance up forces = down faces ‘Test Your Understanding: Each of the cases below shows a box of mass m suspended from two ropes, The grid in the background of the diagram is to help you see the different angles that the ropes can make. For each case, draw a free-body diagram on the dot below each diagram showing the forces acting on the box. Let the ‘weight force in each case be a vector that is 4 squares long, os cy : | / : Example: Both of the spring scales shown read force F. Using a free-body diagram showing the forces acting on the block and their components, derive an expression for F in terms of m, g, and 0. Up feces = sown fore fy + Fy c my 2 Feosd ifgtm Its impossible for the anfle 6 to become 90° and bot diagrams above, explain why. Then explain why using your equation for F. There musthe Feme 05 (0°) 1s 2Eer0 Upward Ttencjzen To a 2 balance pravty Coe . 7 a “70% Tension cant? be hosrzonta ( Feestah has 20 ~7¢a50 (there woul be nowy Fore) 1h denommate, \mporabh‘Test Your Understanding: Each of the cases below shows a ball of mass m suspended from two ropes. The in the background of the diagram is to help you sec the different angles that the ropes can make. For each draw a free-body diagram on the dot below each diagram showing the forces acting on the box. Let the weight force in each case be a vector that is 2 squares long, Example: The spring scale labeled measures a force Fa, Fe and the spring scale labeled B measures force Fy. Using a “gy free-body diagram showing the forces acting on the block. and their components, derive expressions for F, and oe e TA terms of m, g, and 0. (059 Ge. A A £ an 0 =e Faacnvband ° es ~ a 8 Pre 1 Uosd im It is impossible for the angle 0 to become 90° and both ropes to become horizontal uring eras diagrams above, explain why. Then explain why using your equations for Fy and Fx, If G@= fo TH (5 00 uptarl fore To balance rz, cos 70°2O making Fro aadetip ect, tant?” = endef Also, Example: Ih the diagram below, a sphere is held fe rest by a long cord and ashort cord. Which cord (long or short) has greater tension? Use a free body diagram (ovhere the bal's weight is 5 squares) to justify your answer. Short cork hes. More Teaser Mot because” t its Cength byt be caust (Tis more vertical + Camcels more of nyIfa system does accelerate, then the acceleration has horizontal and vertical components (ay and ay). Write Newton’s Second Law in component form using the ¥ sign. The box at the bottom of page 86 can help. SF SNA, The net Aborizontal face = honzantel ma SF ye may Wer vertical Farce < yertics( ma ‘Newton's Laws can be reduced to the following two rules governing forces relative to posse . + Forces that are perpendicular to the ACLeCerAaT A vector wil CUNCEL RCA other oh Forces that are parallel to the Aceele/e 720 vector will 2AK YO APL wit the force is OP)D95) fo ALLL (ea 2/7 , we count that force as Negative Show this concept in the following three situations (assume there is friction in the first two): Fr Parallel Ean oo ‘Barael Eqn: a ISL MP oratet Ban: a2 finth _ftgh sin Perpendicular Eqn! (zig) Perpendicular Eqn: Te ian Eqn: , ny ‘Test Your Understanding: A 50 N force is applied to the box at a 37° above the horizontal as shown. ‘The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and plane is 0.4, Draw the other forces acting on the box, and write two equations that relate the forces on the box. fv steam’ =ing Freoad Fe =ma (gy ‘What is the normal force acting on | What is the friction force acting on | What is the accéferation of the box? the box? | the box? | &; C050 le TA | Fv + Freand =P , Fu t (Fam 37°< “ie (9) (#) -28 {De | - 2/0 Yo-2¥ =10% Fw i | 12 =10 a= | eine \Now suppose that the box is being pushed with a 50 N force as shown, 50N, aL = 04 ‘The normal force isnow (LZR RezATie fiction fore is now [NOMS | The acceleration is now ws than before. Explain. ge qq07@ | than before. Explain. j than before. Explain. Yow the apple | Fr=m FY | Porarre( Feo? 14 game, bat MH fave hes down | [pore Fin mare | 9 28M component pether) Pein | FA (es3 net forte, | | | alklgahonr, Han up 49 Fi | less wn mrt belence oy Fe ! 7 ‘Test Your Understanding: When an object is on an inclined plane, the weght Force is the one that makes the oblique angle with the acceleration. The block’s mass,is m. No Friction. The block’s mass ism, Coefficient of Friction is se. RY a aoe : What is the normal fa on Ae Fy balanses The compnot Perpendicular Pores ang of mg pe /pendiica lar stu mgcosp ¢ Fu 4a inc line - | a oe Ev < Fe oF | What is the acceleration of the block? What is the acceleration of the bloc! Dowh hil component oF “| Ing 6yn9 — Fe IN 5 peralle( fo accelontor hos ma mg 51nd BIN Sm | SN? =A | Foyamby | Mremrpyeord XX . 13 _ A= 79100 pe gc5O a9 (snd “mM coc?) mgd qi What is the normal free one block?ft Example: Determine the normal force on the 10 kg mass in each of the following diagrams. hy = | iv t fend =m omy Ving Frmge Fu r90(3) =Car) OM fv= 70M . Example: Determine the acceleration of'the 10 kg mass in each diagram, ASO N force is applied to the box. ‘The object accelerates horizontally. SON Ar )70N | HA 02 ee omy (ox) v ng (97M Yyo-14= loa - _ & c.—.ew 262105 | i, Kage tan = tr feo) Gay >4"M coo | ed a0 al Example: Calculate the acceleration of these blocks once the system is released from rest and calculate the tension in the string. Start with free-body diagrams on the two objects. Assume the 12 kg object accelerates downward ¢/ A% Ar arr % \nigco9 2 Ja (c y gn? y gh Show your process for solving for the system acceleration and the tension in the string. Taga Ey Mg mg co —mgsnd = (mr) w Gn37°= 0.6 ¢ ie ogee =, PY wo aon (fo -F =e) Ga 2 et Fra d6