Physics 25

CHAPTER 04

Moving Charge and

Magnetism
1. Oersted experimentally demonstrated that the current 6. Ampere’s Circuital Law The line integral of the magnetic
carrying conductor produces magnetic field around it. field B around any closed loop in vacuum is equal to m 0
times the total current threading through the loop or
E
K enclosed by the curve.

I i.e. oò B × dl = m 0 I
A B
7. Magnetic field due to straight solenoid,
Compass (i) at any point inside the solenoid B = m 0 nI
where, n = number of turns per unit length and
When key K is closed, deflection occurs in compass
(ii) at the ends of air closed solenoid
needle and vice-versa.
1
2. Biot-Savart’s Law According to this law, the magnetic B = m 0 nI
field due to small current carrying element at any nearby 2
point P is given by 8. Magnetic field due to toroidal solenoid,
m I d l ´ r$ m Idl sin q
dB = 0 or dB = 0 If a toroid has core of relative permeability m r , then
4p | r|2 4p r2 magnetic field
and direction is given by Ampere’s swimming rule or right
(i) inside the toroidal solenoid
hand thumb rule.
B = m 0m r nI
SI unit of magnetic field is tesla.
m0 (ii) in the open space, interior or exterior of toroidal
= 10 -7 T -m / A (or Wb/A-m) solenoid, B=0
4p
and m 0 = permeability of free space. 9. Magnetic Lorentz force is experienced by a single charge
3. The relationship between m 0 , e 0 and c is particle q moving with speed v in uniform magnetic field at
an angle q with it, is given by
1
= c2 F = q (v ´ B) [Vector form]
m 0e 0
where, c is speed of light. Magnitude of (F) = F = qvB sin q and direction of force is
4. Magnetic field due to straight current carrying conductor given by right hand palm rule or Fleming’s left hand rule.
at any point P at a distance r from the wire is given by 10. SI Unit of Magnetic Field
m 2I m 0I 1
B= 0 = Þ Bµ Q F = qvB sin q
4p r 2 pr r F
Þ B=
5. Magnetic field at the centre of a circular current carrying qv sin q
m0 I
conductor/coil. B = F = 1 N, q = 1 C
2r
v = 1 m / s, sin q = 1 Þ q = 90°
m 0 NI 1N
For N turns of coil, B = \ SI unit of B = = 1 NA -1 m -1 =1T
2r (1 C) (1 m /s)
The direction of magnetic field at the centre of circular SI unit of B = 1Tesla (T)
loop is given by right hand thumb rule.
11. Work done by magnetic Lorentz force on charge particle F = I (l ´ B ) [Vector form]
is zero as F ^ v. where, l is a vector whose magnitude is equal to length of
12. Magnetic force cannot increase the kinetic energy of the conductor and direction is in the flow of electric
charged particle. current I and B = magnetic field.
13. The trajectory/path traversed by the charged particle in Magnetic force, F = IBl sin q
magnetic field is where, q is the angle between current and magnetic field.
The direction of force is given by Fleming’s left hand rule,
(i) straight line when angle between v and B is 0° or 180°.
If q = 0° or 180°, then F = IBl sin 0° = 0 conductors placed
(ii) circle when angle between v and B is 90°. parallel to direction of magnetic field, experiences no
(iii) helix when angle between v and B is an acute angle. force due to magnetic field.
14. When charged particle enters in magnetic field If q = 90°, then force is maximum,
perpendicularly, then fcentripetal = fmagnetic Fmax = IBl sin 90° = IBl
mv 2 qBr 20. Magnetic force per unit length between two straight parallel
(i) Hence = qvB Þ v = F m 2I I
r m current carrying conductors is given by = 0 1 2 .
mv L 4p r
(ii) Radius, r =
qB Force will be of attractive nature, if direction of flow of
1 2pr 2pm currents are in the same direction. The force of repulsion
(iii) Time period, T = = =
f v qB will act, when direction of flow of currents are in opposite
(independent of v) directions.
qB
(iv) Frequency, f = 21. Torque experienced by a current carrying loop placed in
2p m
uniform magnetic field B is given by
q 2 B2 r 2 t = NIAB sin q
(v) KE =
2m where, q is the angle between area vector of area of coil
15. When angle between v and B is q < 90°, then and the direction of magnetic field.
mv sin q
or t = M´ B
(i) radius of helical path, r = where, M = NIA
qB
and M is known as magnetic dipole moment of coil.
Helixes 22. Moving Coil Galvanometer It is a device used to detect
the small electrical current in the circuit. It’s working is
2p m qB based on the principle that a current carrying loop placed
(ii) T = (iii) f = in uniform magnetic field experiences torque.
qB 2p m
2p m v cos q 23. The current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity of
(iv) Pitch = galvanometer depends on number of turns of coil,
qB
magnetic field B, area A of the coil and torsion constant k of
16. If a charge particle q accelerated by potential difference V the spring or suspension wire, where q = twist produced
and speed changes from 0 to v, then due to rotation of the coil.
work done = change in KE q NBA
Current sensitivity, I s = =
1 2qV I k
Þ qV = mv 2 Þ v = Its unit is rad/A or div/A,
2 m
k = restoring torque per unit twist
17. Cyclotron It is a compact device used to accelerate the q q I s NBA
positively charged particles or ions upto very high speed, Voltage sensitivity, Vs = = = =
V IR R kR
by yielding high energies. Its unit is rad/V or div/V
It is based on the principle of magnetic resonance. A
charged particle can be accelerated to high speed by 24. Torque or moment of galvanometer, in equilibrium
passing it again and again through small region of position is expressed as,
oscillating electrical field by making use of strong normal Deflecting torque = Restoring torque
magnetic field. Electrons are not usually accelerated due k
NIBA = kq Þ I = q = Gq
to relative mass effect. NBA
18. KEmax of charged particle accelerated by cyclotron is k
G= = restoring torque
q 2 B2 R2 NBA
KEmax =
2m 25. A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by
where, R = radius of circular track of charged particle. connecting a very low resistance (Shunt S) in parallel with
19. The magnetic force experienced by a current carrying Ig G
galvanometer whose value is given by S =
conductor placed in a uniform magnetic field is given by I - Ig
 where, G = resistance of galvanometer
Ig = current through the galvanometer
I = total current in the circuit.
26. A galvanometer can be converted into voltmeter by
connecting a very high resistance R in series with
galvanometer which is given by
V 28. Ammeter is always connected in series with
R= -G
Ig
where, Ig = current through the galvanometer
(full scale deflection current)
G = resistance of galvanometer
V = potential difference across the terminals.
27. The resistance of an ideal ammeter is zero and an ideal
voltmeter is infinite.
electrical circuit, whereas voltmeter connected in parallel
with the circuit.

Practice Questions
1 When a magnetic needle is placed near the current 7 Two particles of masses ma and mb with same charge are
carrying conductor, then deflection in magnetic needle projected in a perpendicular magnetic field. They travel
(a) increases on increasing the current in the conductor along circular path of radii ra and rb such that ra > rb . Then,
(b) increases on bringing the needle closer to the current which of the following option is correct?
carrying conductor (a) m a va > m b vb (b) m a > m b and va > vb
(c) increases on bringing the needle away from the (c) m a = m b and va > vb (d) m b vb > m a va
current carrying conductor
8 A deuteron of kinetic energy 50 keV is describing a
(d) Both (a) and (b)
circular orbit of radius 0.5 m in a plane perpendicular to
2 When an electron is kept in a strong magnetic field, then magnetic field B. The kinetic energy of the proton that
(a) electron moves in opposite direction of applied describes a circular orbit of radius 0.5 m in the same plane
magnetic field with the same magnetic field B is
(b) electron moves in the direction of applied magnetic (a) 25 keV (b) 50 keV (c) 200 keV (d) 100 keV
field 9 A proton, a deuteron and an a-particle enter a region of
(c) electron moves in the perpendicular direction of perpendicular magnetic field (to their velocities) with
magnetic field same kinetic energy. If rp, rd and ra are the radii of circular
(d) electron remains stationary at same position paths of these particles, then
3 Magnetic field in a region is produced by (a) ra = rd < rp (b) ra = rd = rp
(a) only static charges (c) ra < rd < rp (d) ra > rd > rp
(b) only moving charges
10 An electron enters a region of magnetic field
(c) Both static and moving charges perpendicularly with a speed of 3 ´ 107 ms-1 . Strength of
(d) Neither static charges nor moving charges
magnetic field is 6 ´ 10 -4 T. Frequency is
4 The Lorentz force on a charged particle of charge q moving
(a) 2 MHz (b) 17 MHz (c) 20 MHz (d) 2 MHz
with velocity v in presence of both the electric field E(r)
and the magnetic field B(r) is given by 11 Vector form of Biot-Savart’s law is
é 1 ù m0 I ´ dl Idl ´ r
(a) q ê E(r) + v ´ B(r)ú (b) q[ E(r) + v ´ B(r)] (a) dB = × (b) dB =
ë 2 û 4p r2 r3
m Idl ´ r m 0 Idl ´ r
(c) q[ E(r) - v ´ B(r)] (d) q[ v ´ B(r) - E(r)] (c) dB = 0 × (d) dB = ×
4p r3 4p r2
5 A proton is projected with velocity v = 2$i in a region,
12 An element DI = Dx $i is placed at the origin and carries a
where magnetic field B = (i$ + 3 $j + 4k$ ) mT and electric field
current I = 10 A.
E = 10 $imV/m, then find out the net force on proton. Y
-25 -25
(a) 22.6 ´ 10 N (b) 14.14 ´ 10 N P
(c) 1.6 ´ 10 -25 N (d) 10.5 ´ 10 -25 N
6 An electron moves in a circular orbit with a uniform speed 0.5 m
v. It produces a magnetic field B at the centre of the circle.
The radius of the circle is proportional to X
B v v B ∆x
(a) (b) (c) (d) If Dx = 1 cm, magnetic field at point P is
v B B v
 (a) 4 ´ 10 - 8 k$ T (b) 4 ´ 10 - 8 $i T 21 Two very long, straight and parallel wires carry same
(c) 4 ´ 10 - 8 $j T (d) - 4 ´ 10 - 8 $j T steady current I flowing in same direction. The distance
between the wires is d. At a certain instant of time, a
13 A long, straight wire of radius a carries a current
point charge q is at a point equidistant from the two wires
distributed uniformly over its cross-section. The ratio of
a in the plane of the wires. Its instantaneous velocity v is
the magnetic fields due to the wire at distance and 2a perpendicular to this plane.
3
The magnitude of the force due to the magnetic field
respectively, from the axis of the wire is
3 2 1 acting on the charge at this instant is
(a) (b) 2 (c) (d)
2 3 2 m 0 Iqv m 0 Iqv
(a) (b)
2pd pd
14 A tightly wound coil of 100 turns with radius 10 cm, 2 m 0 Iqv
magnitude of carrying-current in coil is 1 A, what will (c) (d) 0
pd
be the magnitude of magnetic field at centre of coil?
(a) 6.28 ´ 10 - 6 T (b) 6.28 ´ 10 - 7 T 22 A moving coil galvanometer is an instrument which
(c) 6.28 ´ 10 - 5 T (d) 6.28 ´ 10 - 4 T (a) is used to measure emf of cell
(b) is used to measure potential difference
15 A straight wire carrying a current of 12 A is bent into a
semi-circular loop of radius 2.0 cm. What will be magnetic (c) is used to measure resistance
field at the centre of the semi-circular loop? (d) is a deflection type instrument that gives a deflection
when a current flows through its coil
23 The moving coil galvanometer consists of a coil with many
I I
turns, free to rotate about a fixed axis in a radial magnetic
field. There is a cylindrical soft iron core which not only
(a) B = 1.9 ´ 10- 4 T u (b) B = 1.9 ´ 104 T u makes the field radial but also
-4
(c) B = 1.9 ´ 10 T, Ä (d) B = 1.9 ´ 10 4 T, Ä (a) decreases the strength of the magnetic field
16 A long solenoid has 20 turns cm-1 . The current necessary (b) increases the strength of the magnetic field
to produce a magnetic field of 20 mT inside the solenoid is (c) provide constant magnetic field
approximately (d) None of the above
(a) 1A (b) 2 A 24 A galvanometer of resistance 70 W is converted into an
(c) 4 A (d) 8 A ammeter by a shunt resistance rs = 0.03 W. The value of its
17 A solenoid of length 0.5 m has a radius of 1 cm and is made resistance will become
up of 500 turns. It carries a current of 5A. What is the (a) 0.025 W (b) 0.022 W
magnetic field inside the solenoid? (c) 0.035 W (d) 0.030 W
(a) 6.28 ´ 10 -3 T (b) 6.28 ´ 10 3 T 25 The resistance of a galvanometer is
(c) 6.28 ´ 10 - 5 T (d) 6.28 ´ 10 5 T 50 ohm and the maximum current which can be passed
18 A toroid of core of inner radius 0.25 m and outer radius through it is 0.002 A. What resistance must be connected to
0.26 m around which 3500 turns of a wire are wound. If it in order to convert it into an ammeter of range 0-0.5 A?
the current in the wire is 11 A, then magnetic field inside
the core of the toroid is (a) 0.2 ohm (b) 0.5 ohm
2 -2 (c) 0.002 ohm (d) 0.02 ohm
(a) 3 ´ 10 T (b) 3 ´ 10 T
(c) 3 ´ 10 -7 T (d) 3 ´ 10 7 T 26 The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at
a certain place is 3.0 ´ 10 -5 T and the direction of the field
19 If two parallel current carrying conductors placed 1 m
apart in vacuum are placed such that each carries 1 A is from the geographic south to the north pole. A very long
current, then there is a force of straight conductor is carrying a steady current of 1 A.
(a) 2 ´ 10 - 7 Nm -1 (b) 2 ´ 10 7 Nm -1 What is the force per unit length on it when it is placed
on a horizontal table and the direction of current is east
(c) 9 ´ 10 9 Nm -1 (d) 9 ´ 10 - 9 Nm -1
to west?
20 Two long parallel straight wires A and B carrying currents
of 4.0 A and 5.0 A in same direction separated by a (a) 3 ´ 10 -5 Nm-1 (b) 5 ´ 10 -2 Nm-1
distance of 4 ´ 10 - 2 m. (c) 6 ´ 10 -1 Nm-1 (d) 8 ´ 10 -3 Nm-1
The force on a 0.20 m section of wire A is 27 A circular coil of wire consisting of 100 turns, each of radius
(a) 2 ´ 10 - 5 N (towards B ) 8.0 cm carries a current of 0.40 A. What is the magnitude of
the magnetic field B at the centre of the coil?
(b) 2 ´ 10 - 5 N (away from B)
(c) 2 ´ 10 - 5 N (perpendicular to B) (a) 4 T . ´ 10 -4 T
(b) 31
(d) 2 ´ 10 - 5 N (parallel to B) (c) 2 ´ 10 -3 T (d) 10 -4 T
28 A long straight wire in the horizontal plane carries a 33 A closely wound solenoid 80 cm long has 5 layers of
current of 50 A in north to south direction. Give the windings of 400 turns each. The diameter of the solenoid is
magnitude and direction of B at a point 2.5 m east of the 1.8 cm. If the current carried is 8.0 A, estimate the
wire. magnitude of B inside the solenoid near its centre.
(a) 2 ´ 10 - 6 T, south (a) 2.5 ´ 10- 2 T (b) 3.5 ´ 10- 2 T
(b) 3 ´ 10 -6 T, downward (c) 4.5 ´ 10- 2 T (d) 5 ´ 10 - 2 T
(c) 4 ´ 10 - 6 T, upward 34 A square coil of side 10 cm consists of 20 turns and carries
(d) 6 T North a current of 12 A. The coil is suspended vertically and the
29 A horizontal overhead power line carries a current of 90 A normal to the plane of the coil makes an angle of 30° with
in east to west direction. What are the magnitude and the direction of a uniform horizontal magnetic field of
direction of the magnetic field due to the current 1.5 m magnitude 0.80 T. What is the magnitude of torque
below the line? experienced by the coil?
(a) 1.2 ´ 10 - 5 T, vertically down (a) 1.96 N-m (b) 0.96 N-m
(b) 1.2 ´ 10 - 5 T, vertically up (c) 2.0 N-m (d) 4 N-m
(c) 4 T vertically up 35 Two moving coil meters M1 and M2 having the following
(d) 4 T, vertically down particulars :
30 What is the magnitude of magnetic force per unit length R1 = 10 W, N1 = 30, A1 = 3.6 ´ 10 - 3 m2 ,
on a wire carrying a current of 8 A and making an angle of B1 = 0.25 T
30° with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0.15 R2 = 14 W, N2 = 42, A2 = 1.8 ´ 10 - 3 m2 , B2 = 0.50 T
T? (The spring constants are identical for the two meters).
Determine the ratio of voltage sensitivity of M2 and M1 .
(a) 0.4 Nm -1 (b) 0.6 Nm -1
(c) 4 Nm -1 (d) 6 Nm -1 (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 1
31 A 3.0 cm wire carrying a current of 10 A is placed inside a 36 In a chamber, a uniform magnetic field of 6.5 G
solenoid perpendicular to its axis. The magnetic field (1G = 10 - 4 T) is maintained. An electron is shot into the
inside the solenoid is given to be 0.27 T. field with a speed of 4.8 ´ 106 ms -1 normal to the field.
What is the magnetic force on the wire? Determine the radius of the circular orbit.
(a) 7 ´ 10 - 2 N (b) 8.1 ´ 10- 2 N (Take, e = 1.6 ´ 10 -19 C and me = 9.1 ´ 10-31 kg)
(c) 6.4 ´ 10 - 2 N (d) 4 ´ 10 2 N (a) 2 cm (b) 8 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 4.2 cm
32 Two long and parallel straight wires A and B carrying 37 A circular coil of 30 turns and radius 8.0 cm carrying a
currents of 8.0 A and 5.0 A in the same direction are current of 6.0 A is suspended vertically in a uniform
separated by a distance of 4.0 cm. Estimate the force on a horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 1.0 T. The field
10 cm section of wire A. lines make an angle of 60° with the normal of the coil.
(a) 5 ´ 10 -5 N, repulsive Calculate the magnitude of the counter torque that must
(b) 5 ´ 10 -5 N, attractive be applied to prevent the coil from turning.
(c) 2 ´ 10 -5 N, repulsive (a) 4 N-m (b) 6 N-m
(d) 2 ´ 10 -5 N, attractive (c) 3.133 N-m (d) 2.8 N-m

ANSWERS
1 (d) 2 (d) 3 (b) 4 (b) 5 (a) 6 (b) 7 (a) 8 (d) 9 (a) 10 (b)
11 (c) 12 (a) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15 (c) 16 (d) 17 (a) 18 (b) 19 (a) 20 (a)
21 (d) 22 (d) 23 (b) 24 (d) 25 (a) 26 (a) 27 (b) 28 (c) 29 (b) 30 (b)
31 (b) 32 (d) 33 (a) 34 (b) 35 (d) 36 (d) 37 (c)
30 CUET (UG) Section II : Domain

Hints & Solutions

2 (d) When a charged particle is kept stationary ( v = 0 ) in the rproton mp K p
strong magnetic field, then no force acts on the charged Þ =
rdeuteron md K d
particle.
i.e. F = Bqv = Bq ´ 0 0.5 mp K p
Þ = [Q rp = rd = 0.5 m]
F =0 0.5 2mp K p
Hence, when an electron is kept in a strong magnetic field, [Q mass of deuteron = 2 ´ mass of proton]
then electron remains stationary at same position. mp K p
3 (b) Static charges produce only electric field, whereas 1=
2mp K d
moving charges produce electric and magnetic fields both.
K p = 2K d [Q Given, K d = 50 keV]
4 (b) When a point charge q is moving with velocity v and
located at r at a given time t in presence of both the electric Þ K p = 2 ´ 50
field E ( r ) and the magnetic field B ( r ), then it experiences a = 100 keV
force called Lorentz force and given by 9 (a) As we know that, radius of circle,
F = Felectric + Fmagnetic 1 2
mv
mv
F = q[ E( r ) + v ´ B ( r )] r= = 2× 2
Bq Bqv
5 (a) Given, velocity of proton, v = 2$i
2E é 1 2ù
Magnetic field, B = ( i$ + 3$j + 4 k$ ) mT Þ r= êëQ E = 2 mv úû
Bqv
Electric field, E = 10$im V/m As, energy E is same, then r µ 1/ q.
Charge on proton, q = 16 . ´ 10-19 C Since, charge of deuteron, qd = 2q p ,
Applied Lorentz force on the proton, and charge of a-particle, qa = 2q p
F = qE + q( v ´ B ) = q[E + ( v ´ B )] where, q p is charge of proton.
. ´ 10-19 [10 ´ 10-6 $i + 2$i ´ ( $i + 3$j + 4 k$ ) ´ 10-6 ]
= 16 Þ rp > rd = ra
or ra = rd < rp
. ´ 10-19 ´ 10-6 [10i$ + 6k$ - 8$j]
= 16
10 (b) Given, speed, v = 3 ´ 107 ms -1
. ´ 10-25 [10$i - 8$j + 6k$ ] N
F = 16
and magnetic field, B = 6 ´ 10-4 T.
. ´ 10-25 ´ (10 )2 + ( -8 )2 + ( 6 )2
| F | = 16
mv 9 ´ 10-31 kg ´ 3 ´ 107 ms -1
. ´ 10-25 ´ 14.14 = 22.6 ´ 10-25 N
= 16 Radius, r = =
qB 1.6 ´ 10-19 C ´ 6 ´ 10-4 T
6 (b)Q The radius of circular path,
= 28 ´ 10-2 m
mv v
r= Þ rµ Frequency of an electron,
qB B
v 3 ´ 107
v n= =
The radius of the circle is directly proportional to . 2pr 2 ´ 22 ´ 28 ´ 10-2
B
7
mv 300 ´ 107
7 (a) Radius of path, r =
qB = . ´ 107 = 17 MHz
= 17
176
Given, ra > rb 12 (a) The magnitude of magnetic field,
ma va mb vb m 0 I dl sin q
Þ > [Q qa = qb (given)] | dB | = ×
qB qB 4p r2
Þ ma va > mb vb -2
Given, dl = Dx = 10 m, I = 10 A, r = 0.5 m,
8 (d) Radius of the circular orbit that a charged particle m0
traverses is given as = 10-7 Tm/ A, q = 90° Þ sin 90° = 1
4p
mv 2mK 10-7 ´ 10 ´ 10-2
Q r= = Þ |dB | = = 4 ´ 10-8 T
Bq Bq 25 ´ 10-2
where, K is kinetic energy. Since, dl ´ r = Dx$i ´ y$j = y Dx ( i$ ´ $j ) = y Dxk$
2mK So, the direction of the field is in the + z-direction.
When B is same,we can write r µ
q Therefore, dB = 4 ´ 10-8 kT
13 (c) By Ampere’s circuital rule, magnetic field inside and 16 (d) Given, n = 20 turns cm -1 = 20 ´ 100 turns m -1
outside a wire carrying a uniformly distributed current is,
= 2000 turns m -1
Bout µ i
= 0 ...(i) and magnetic field, B = 20 m T = 20 ´ 10-3 T
r 2πr
R
By the formula, magnetic field, B = m 0 nI
or 20 ´ 10-3 = 4 p ´ 10-7 ´ 2000 ´ I
µ0 ir 20 ´ 10-3
r Bin = ...(ii) or I= Þ I ~
- 8A
2π R2 4 p ´ 10-7 ´ 2000
17 (a) Given, length, l = 0.5 m, radius, r = 1cm = 0.01 m and
current, I = 5 A.
The number of turns per unit length is
In given case, radius of wire is a. So, magnetic field due to 500
a n= = 1000 turns m -1
wire at a distance from centre, 0.5
3
Q l/ r = 50, i.e. l >> r.
æaö
iç ÷ Hence, we can use the long solenoid formula,
m0 è 3 ø m0i
B1 = = [from Eq. (ii)] Magnetic field, B = m 0 nI
2p a 2 6pa
= 4 p ´ 10-7 ´ 103 ´ 5 = 6.28 ´ 10-3 T
and magnetic field at a distance 2a from centre,
m0i m i 18 (b) Given, inner radius of toroid = 0.25 m,
B2 = = 0 [from Eq. (i)]
2p( 2a ) 4 pa Outer radius of toroid = 0.26 m
Ratio of fields will be Number of turns = 3500
æ m0i ö and current = 11 A.
ç ÷
B1 è 6pa ø 2 0.25 + 0.26
= = \ Mean radius, rm = = 25.5 ´ 10-2 m
B2 æ m 0 i ö 3 2
ç ÷
è 4 pa ø Number of turns in unit length,
N 3500
14 (d) Since, the coil is tightly wound, we may take each n= =
circular element to have the same radius R = 10 cm 2p rm 2p ´ 25.5 ´ 10-2
= 10-1 m, number of turns, N = 100 and current, I = 1 A. Magnetic field of a toroid,
3500
The magnitude of the magnetic field at centre of coil is B = m 0 nI = 4 p ´ 10-7 ´ ´ 11
2p ´ 25.5 ´ 10-2
m 0 NI 4 p ´ 10-7 ´ 102 ´ 1 = 3 ´ 10-2 T
B= =
2R 2 ´ 10-1
19 (a) The force acting per unit length of a current carrying
= 2p ´ 10-4 = 6.28 ´ 10-4 T conductor,
15 (c) Given, current, I = 12 A, F m 0 2I1 I 2
=
radius, R = 2 cm = 2 ´ 10-2 m l 4p d
Magnetic field at the centre of current carrying circular loop, When d = 1m, l = 1m and I1 = I 2 = 1 A
2 ´ 1´ 1
m 0 I m 0 pI F = 10-7 ´
Bc = = × 12
2R 2p R Then, F = 2 ´ 10-7 Nm-1
Magnetic field at the centre of semi-circular loop,
B m pI 20 (a) Given, I1 = 4.0 A , I 2 = 5.0 A , d = 4 ´ 10-2 m
B= c = 0
2 4p R
and l = 0.20 m
. ´ 12
314
= 10-7 ´ Force on a current carrying wire,
2 ´ 10-2
m I I l 4 p ´ 10-7 ´ 4.0 ´ 5.0 ´ 0.20
= 1.9 ´ 10-4 T F = 0 1 2 =
2pd . ´ 4 ´ 10-2
2 ´ 314
Thus, B is 1.9 ´ 10-4 T normal to the plane of the paper
going into it, i.e. q. = 2 ´ 10-5 N (towards B)
21 (d) The given situation can be drawn as below 27 (b) Given, n = 100, r = 8 cm = 8 ´ 10- 2 m
1 2 and I = 0.40 A
The magnetic field B at the centre,
I I m 2pIn 10- 7 ´ 2 ´ 3.14 ´ 0.40 ´ 100
P B= 0× =
q 4p r 8 ´ 10- 2
d = 3.1 ´ 10- 4 T
d/2 d/2
28 (c) Given, I = 50 A and r = 2.5 m
The magnetic field B1 at mid-point P due to first wire is in N
downward direction, according to right-hand rule. Similarly,
magnetic field B 2 due to second wire is in upward direction. 2.5 m E
Let the charge q is moving with instantaneous velocity v in r P
upward direction, then magnitude of force on q, due to first 50 A
wire is
F1 = q ( v ´ B1 ) = qvB1 sin q = qvB1 sin 180° S
Similarly, magnitude of force on q, due to second wire is The magnitude of magnetic field,
F2 = q ( v ´ B 2 ) = qvB2 sin q m 2I
B= 0×
= qvB2 sin 0° = 0 4p r
2 ´ 50
Thus, net magnitude of force on q, = 10- 7 ×
F net = F1 + F2 = 0 2.5
= 4 ´ 10- 6 T, in upward direction
24 (d) To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter resistance is
connected in parallel, 29 (b) Given, I = 90 A and r = 1.5 m
RG rs Overhead line
Resistance, R = 90 A
RG + rs
W E
Given, RG = 70 W and rs = 0.03 W
1.5 m
70 ´ 0.03
\ R= = 0.02998 = 0.030 W
70 + 0.03 P
25 (a) An ammeter is a type of galvanometer with a shunt The magnitude of magnetic field,
connected in parallel to the galvanometer. m 2I 10- 7 ´ 2 ´ 90
Ammeter circuit is shown in the figure below B= 0× = = 1.2 ´ 10- 5 T
4p r .
15
S The direction of B will be vertically upward.
I – Ig 30 (b) Given, I = 8 A, q = 30°,
and B = 0.15 T
G
I Ig
I
So, I gG = ( I - I g ) S
30°
Here, I g = 0.002 A, B
I = 0.5 A,
G = 50 W
The magnitude of magnetic force,
So, shunt resistance required is
|F | = I ( l ´ B ) = I l B sin q
I gG 0.002 ´ 50 Þ F = 8 ´ l ´ 0.15 ´ sin 30°
S = = » 0.2 W
I - I g ( 0.5 - 0.002 ) The magnitude force per unit length,
F 8 ´ 0.15
26 (a) Given, B = 3.0 ´ 10-5 T and I = 1 A f = = = 0.6 Nm -1
l 2
Force acting on a horizontal table, F = IlB sin q
F 31 (b) Given, l = 3.0 cm = 3.0 ´ 10- 2 m, I = 10 A
So, the force per unit length is, f = = IB sin q
l and B = 0.27 T.
When the current is flowing from east to west, then
I
q = 90°,
Þ f = IB sin 90° B
= 1 ´ 3.0 ´ 10- 5 ´ 1
From the figure, the angle between the magnetic field and
= 3 ´ 10-5 Nm -1 the direction of flow of current is 90°.
 The magnitude of magnetic force on the wire, NAB
35 (d) Using the formula of voltage sensitivity, V =
F = IlB sin 90° kR
= 10 ´ 3.0 ´ 10- 2 ´ 0.27 ´ sin 90° Vs 2 N 2 B2 A2 k1 R1
\ =
= 8.1 ´ 10- 2 N Vs 1 k2 . R2 N 1 B1 A1
32 (d) Given, I1 = 8.0 A, I 2 = 5.0 A Given, R1 = 10 W, N 1 = 30, A1 = 3.6 ´ 10-3 m2 ,
and r = 4.0 cm = 0.04 m . ´ 10-3 m2 , B2 =
B1 = 0.25 T, R2 = 14 W, N 2 = 42, A2 = 18
A B 0.50 T and k2 = k1 = k
Vs2 42 ´ 0.50 ´ 1.8 ´ 10- 3 ´ k ´ 10
8.0 A 5.0 A Þ = =1
Vs1 k ´ 14 ´ 30 ´ 0.25 ´ 3.6 ´ 10- 3
B
4.0 cm
F 36 (d) Here, F = q ( v ´ B ) = e ( v ´ B ) = ev B sin 90°
As this force provides the centripetal force, i.e.
mv2
Force per unit length on two parallel wire carrying current, evB sin 90° =
m 2I × I r
F = 0× 1 2 mv
4p r Þ r=
eB ´ 1
10- 7 ´ 2 ´ 8.0 ´ 5.0
=
0.04 Given, B = 6.5 G = 6.5 ´ 10-4 T, v = 4.8 ´ 106 ms -1
= 2 ´ 10- 4 N . ´ 10-19 C
e = 16
The force on a 10 cm section of wire A is and . ´ 10-31 kg
me = 91
F ¢ = F ´ 0.1 (Q 10 cm = 0.1 m)
Þ F ¢ = 2 ´ 10- 4 ´ 0.1 9.1 ´ 10-31 ´ 4.8 ´ 106
Þ r=
1.6 ´ 10-19 ´ 6.5 10-4
= 2 ´ 10- 5 N
This force is attractive as currents are in same direction. = 4.2 ´ 10- 2 m = 4.2 cm
33 (a) Given, l = 80 cm = 0.8 m and I = 8.0 A. 37 (c) Given, N = 30, r = 8 cm = 0.08 m, I = 6 A,
The total number of turns, N = 400 ´ 5 = 2000 B = 1.0 T and q = 60°.
2000 Magnitude of torque acting on the current carrying coil due
and number of turns/length, n = = 2500
0.8 to the magnetic field,
The magnitude of magnetic field inside the solenoid,
B = m 0 nI = 4 p ´ 10-7 ´ nI
= 4 ´ 3.14 ´ 10- 7 ´ 2500 ´ 8 60°
= 2.5 ´ 10- 2 T B
The direction of magnetic field is along the axis of solenoid.
34 (b) Given, a = 10 cm, A = a 2 = (10 ´ 10-2 )2 m2 ,
N = 20, I = 12 A, q = 30° and B = 0.80 T
t = NIAB sin q
The magnitude of torque experienced by the coil,
t = NI AB sin q = 30 ´ 6 ´ p (0.08) 2 ´ 1 ´ sin 60°
= 20 ´ 12 ´ (10 ´ 10- 2 )2 ´ 0.80 ´ sin 30° = 30 ´ 6 ´ 3.14 ´ 0.08 ´ 0.08 ´
3
2.4 ´ 0.80 2
t = 2.4 ´ 0.80 ´sin 30° = = 0.96 N-m = 3.133 N-m
2