Network Model

Network analysis is a system which plans the project both large and small by
analyzing the project activities. Projects deal with the activities which are
interrelated and executed in a sequence known as precedence relationship.
Terms related to the network diagram:
Node- represented by circle
Event/activity –Joining of two nodes with an arrow
Duration(dij)- Time taken by the activity to complete the task
Critical activity- It is the activity if it consumes more than the estimated time
then the project will be delayed.
Non critical activity- It is the activity if it consumes more than the estimated
time then the project will not be delayed.
Project completion time-It is the total time taken by the critical activity to
complete the project.
Construction of Network Diagram
Draw the network diagram(1-2,1-3,2-3,2-5,3-4,3-5,4-2,4-5)
2 5 5
2
1

3
4 1
3 4
Draw the network diagram
Activity predecessor Duration B(6) C(5) F(3)
2 3
A - 4 A(4) D(4) 5 6
E(3)
1 4
B A 6
C B 5
D A 4 B(6)
2 3 C F(3)
E D 3 A(4) D 5 6
F C,E 3 E
1 4
 Techniques of the network
Two types of Techniques- CPM(Critical path method),PERT(Project Evaluation
and Review Technique)
CPM is a deterministic activity and PERT is a probabilistic activity.
CPM based problem

i)Draw the network diagram ii)Calculate earliest start time and latest completion time
Iii) Calculate the project completion time and critical path iv)Calculate the total float
and free float
Network diagram

Total project completion time = 17 weeks

LCi dij LCj
i j
ESi ESj
Critical path has been marked by dark line

Critical path:1-2-3-5-6-7-8-9(in terms of node)

Critical path: A-Dummy-E-F-G-I-J
Total float: It is defined as the amount of time that the completion time of an
activity can be delayed without affecting the project time.
Free Float: It is defined as the amount of time that the activity completion
time can be delayed without affect the earliest start time of the immediate
successor activity in the network.
Total float= Lcj-Esi-dij
Free float= Esj-Esi-dij
 Draw the network diagram of the given problem

ACTIVITY PREDECESSORS DURATION(DAYS)

A - 10
B - 7
C A 5
D C 3
E D 2
F B,E 1
G E,F 14

10,10
15
2 C5 18,
4,15) D3
5 18
A 10
1 B7 E D0
,,20 E2 35,
0, 3 F1 G,14 7 35
20 6
21,21
Draw the network diagram, calculate the total project completion time,
critical path and earliest start time and latest completion time.

ACTIVITY PREDECESSORS DURATION

A - 2

B A 14

C A 14

D B,C 3

E D 70

F D 14

G F 1

H D 1

I D 7

J D 7

K J 14

L K 1

M E,G,L 1

N H,L,M 1

O I,N 1
 Network diagram I A(dij) J

EST=max(Esi+dij)
LST= min(LCj-dij)

B
DU
C F E
D M
A G
J H N

K L I
LDU O
Network diagram
PERT(Project Evaluation and Review Technique)
PERT duration deals with 3 estimates
Optimistic time estimate(to):It is the duration of any activity when everything
goes on well during the project.
Pessimistic time estimate(tp):It is the duration of an activity when almost
everything goes against our will and a lot of difficulties are faced while doing
a project.
Most likely time estimate(tm): It is the duration of an activity when
something go on well and some thing go wrong while doing a project.
Expected duration of activity (te)=(to+4tm+tp)/6
• Variance( σ2 )=[ (tp-to)/6]2
• Standard deviation = (variance)0.5
Network Diagram
• Critical path: 1-3-5-6
• Project completion time 17 weeks
• Variance of project length= 1+4+4=9
• Standard deviation =3 weeks
.0918 =9.18%
• Normal Distribution Table
• Normal Distribution Table