Technical Paper Final Revision June 06 2023 Final

STI COLLEGE ORTIGAS-CAINTA
THE ACCEPTABILITY AND EFFICACY OF SMART PILL ORGANIZER IN
MITIGATING MEDICATION NON-COMPLIANCE AMONG ELDERLY
INDIVIDUALS: A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF CONNECTIVITY
TECHNOLOGY, BATTERY CAPACITY, AND ALARM SYSTEMS
SY 2022-2023
A Research Presented to the Senior High School Faculty of STI College
Ortigas-Cainta
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Academic Strand
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
by:
Dela Calsada, Jovelyn C.

Garcia, Nathaniel Exequiel M.
Perez, Prince Cedric M.
Ramos, Beyonce C.
Calinawan, Lael Margo B.
Besa, Jerico M.
Matuan, Mohammad Yahya M.
Padilla, Mark Jester S.
Grade 12 Section STEM403
May 2023
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL i
CERTIFICATION
This study entitled THE ACCEPTABILITY AND EFFICACY OF SMART PILL
ORGANIZER IN MITIGATING MEDICATION NON-COMPLIANCE AMONG
ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS: A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF CONNECTIVITY
TECHNOLOGY, BATTERY CAPACITY, AND ALARM SYSTEMS prepared and
submitted by Jovelyn C. Dela Calsada, Lael Margo B. Calinawan, Nathaniel Exequiel M.
Garcia, Prince Cedric M. Perez, Beyonce C. Ramos, Jerico M. Besa, Yahya Mohammad
M. Matuan, and Mark Jester S. Padilla to the faculty of STI College Ortigas-Cainta, in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the strand SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
ENGINEERING, AND MATHEMATICS has been examined and recommended for Oral
Examination.
TRIZIA MARIE E. CHAN

________________________
Adviser
___________________________________________________________________
APPROVAL
Approved by the Panel on Oral Examination on 19th day of May, 2023 with the grade
of _____.
JHON ALBERT T. JERUSALEM
________________________________
Chairman
NOEMI M. UMALI
_____________________ DENVER F. PAREL
______________________
Member Member
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the strand Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics.
MS. ROXANNE RAMINA T. CASTILLO

SHS Assistant Principal
MR. JHONEL C. DOMINGO

Principal
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page .................................................................................................................................. i
Certification ............................................................................................................................. ii
Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................. iii
Abstract ................................................................................................................................... iv
Table of Contents .....................................................................................................................v
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... vi
List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... vii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ......................................................................................................... 9
1.2 Theoretical framework .......................................................................................................... 13
1.3 Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................................... 14
1.4 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 15
1.5 Research Hypotheses............................................................................................................. 16
1.6 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 18
1.7 Scope and Delimitations........................................................................................................ 19
1.8 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................................... 19
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CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
2.1 The Prevalence of Geriatric Population and Their Health Status.......................................... 21
2.2 Factors Associated with Medication Adherence Among Elderly Patients ............................ 23
2.3 MCAs as a Potential Approach to Medication Non-Adherence ........................................... 25
2.4 A Comparison of Pillboxes for In-Home Use ....................................................................... 27
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES
3.1 Developing a Prototype for the Smart Pill Organizer ........................................................... 30
3.1.1 Product Coding and Materials .................................................................................... 30
3.1.2 Procedure .................................................................................................................... 35
3.1.3 Product Layout ........................................................................................................... 36
3.2 Testing Description ............................................................................................................... 37
3.3 Research Design ................................................................................................................... 37
3.4 Research Locale .................................................................................................................... 38
3.5 Sample and Sampling Technique .......................................................................................... 39
3.6 Research Instrument .............................................................................................................. 40
3.7 Validation of Instrument ....................................................................................................... 40
3.8 Data Gathering Procedure ..................................................................................................... 41
3.9 Statistical Treatment of Data ................................................................................................. 42
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CHAPTER IV: RESULTS
4.1 Maximum Connectivity Range of the Smart Pill Organizer .................................................... 43
4.2 Longevity of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Battery Life ............................................................. 43
4.3 Audible Range of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Alarm ............................................................... 43
CHAPTER V: DISCUSSIONS
5.1 Maximum Connectivity Range of the Smart Pill Organizer .................................................... 45
5.2 Longevity of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Battery Life ............................................................. 46
5.4 Audible Range of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Alarm ................................................................ 47
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSIONS
6.1 Summary of Objectives and Approach .................................................................................... 48
6.2 Findings ................................................................................................................................... 50
6.3 Implications ............................................................................................................................. 52
6.4 Recommendations.................................................................................................................... 53
Bibliography .................................................................................................................................... viii
Appendices......................................................................................................................................... ix
A. Expert/Heurestic Survey Questionnaire ................................................................................... 70
B. Product Survey Questionnaire ................................................................................................. 72
Curriculum Vitae ............................................................................................................................... x
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List of Figures
Figure 1 The Conceptual Model of the Study ......................................................................... 14
Figure 2 Smart Pill Organizer's Layout ............................................................................... 37
Figure 3 The Geographic Location of STI College Ortigas-Cainta ................................ 39
Figure 4 Maximum Connectivity Range of the Smart Pill Organizer ............................ 43
Figure 5 Battery Longevity of the Smart Pill Organizer ................................................... 44
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List of Tables
Table 1 Direct Materials Used in Prototype Fabrication .......................................................... 30
Table 2 Likert Scale ............................................................................................................... 42
Table 3 Audible Range of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Alarm .................................................. 50
Table 4 Experts’ Level of Acceptance on the Smart Pill Organizer Prototype ....................... 51
Table 5 Students’ Level of Acceptance on the Smart Pill Organizer Prototype ...................... 52
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, the researchers humbly extend their deepest gratitude to the
almighty God, whose boundless goodness has been ever-present. His blessings, unwavering
guidance, and constant support have played an indispensable role in their journey, and
wholeheartedly acknowledge His divine presence throughout this remarkable endeavor.
The researchers would like to express their profound appreciation to their esteemed
Triple I instructor, Ms. Lecil Ebina. Her invaluable guidance, mentorship, and unwavering
encouragement have been a wellspring of inspiration for all of them. Her patience in diligently
assisting them with weekly revisions and consultations for the paper has been truly remarkable.
The researchers are genuinely grateful for her unwavering dedication and unshakeable belief
in their abilities.
The researcher’s heartfelt thanks also go to their esteemed teacher of General Physics
2, Ms. Trizia Marie Chan. During a critical juncture when the group needed to alter the format
of the overall paper, her exceptional guidance and expertise proved to be invaluable. Her
wisdom and insightful direction provided them with the necessary tools to navigate this
challenging task with resounding success.
A special mention must be made to the researcher’s revered teacher of General
Chemistry 1 and 2, Mr. Jhon Albert Jerusalem. His unwavering support and steadfast
commitment to the group’s growth have been truly exceptional. Despite being a physics-
focused group, his efforts to enlighten them on the essential aspects of a well-crafted
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experimental paper have been immeasurable. The researchers deeply appreciate his enduring
dedication, which has extended from 11th grade to 12th grade.
The researchers would also like to acknowledge the esteemed teacher from last
semester's EAPP, Mr. Seth Gabriel Iguis. His guidance on survey questionnaires and his
expertise as a grammarian has been immensely valuable to the researchers. The group is
profoundly grateful for his invaluable insights and for being an exceptional mentor.
The researchers express their utmost gratitude to the distinguished STI faculty members
who have made invaluable contributions to the triumph of this paper. Specifically, sincere
appreciation is extended to Ms. Donna Jane Delima, Mr. Mark Dave Timeña, Mrs. Noemi
Umali, Mr. Miraim Nivram Gideon Mendoza, Mr. Jessie James Gellido, and Mrs. Virgie
Allauigan. Their unwavering support, guidance, and expertise have played a pivotal role in
the accomplishment of this endeavor. The researchers wholeheartedly acknowledge the
immense assistance provided by these esteemed teachers, which has significantly contributed
to the triumphant outcome of this paper.
A special mention must be made to the esteemed members of the first group of physics,
namely Jovelyn Dela Calsada, Nathaniel Exequiel Garcia, Prince Cedric Perez, Beyonce
Ramos, Lael Margo Calinawan, Jerico Besa, Mohammad Yahya Matuan, and Mark Jester
Padilla. Their unwavering cooperation, unparalleled dedication, and resolute commitment have
been invaluable. Despite the late-night feedback sessions, early-morning revisions, and the
myriad of challenges they encountered, they remained steadfast, united, and determined. Their
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remarkable resilience and unwavering support have served as an unwavering driving force
behind this success.
The group would also like to express their deepest gratitude to families, friends, and
schoolmates for their unwavering support and understanding throughout this journey. Their
continuous encouragement and unwavering belief in the researchers' abilities have been a
constant source of motivation.
To the respondents of the study at STI College Ortigas-Cainta, the group extends its
heartfelt thanks. Their active participation and unwavering cooperation have been instrumental
in the completion of this research. Their invaluable insights and constructive feedback have
provided the researchers with a wealth of valuable data and diverse perspectives. Furthermore,
the researchers extend their sincere appreciation to the esteemed experts in the fields of
technology, physics, and computer science who generously shared their knowledge and
expertise with them. Their invaluable contributions have enriched the study and expanded the
understanding of the subject matter.
Lastly, the researchers extend their heartfelt gratitude to future researchers who may
draw upon this study as a reference. May the success the group has achieved serve as a beacon
of inspiration and guide them in their scholarly pursuits. Once again, the researchers extend
their heartfelt gratitude to every individual who has played a significant role, whether directly
or indirectly, in the successful completion of this research. Their unwavering support,
invaluable guidance, and valuable contributions have been paramount throughout the entire
journey.
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ABSTRACT
This research study centers on the development of an extensively improved pill
organizer prototype, specifically designed to tackle the adherence difficulties encountered by
the elderly and individuals requiring prolonged medical care. The prototype encompasses
sophisticated attributes such as a reminder system, wireless connectivity, environmental
considerations, and enhanced medication management capabilities. It is essential to emphasize,
however, that the device solely detects pill removal from the container and cannot ascertain
whether the user has consumed the medication.
The primary objective of the study is to create a user-friendly smart pill organizer that
promotes convenience and independence for individuals with regular medication schedules.
The research findings highlight several key aspects of the device.
Firstly, extensive testing has demonstrated that the smart pill organizer maintains
reliable and robust connectivity within a range of 1 meter to 30 meters. The device exhibited
strong signal strength, ensuring a stable connection with paired devices or smartphones. This
connectivity range instills confidence in users, allowing them to rely on the smart pill organizer
for seamless integration with their medication management routines.
Secondly, comprehensive battery performance tests indicate that the device's battery
longevity is impressive, lasting approximately seven hours before requiring a recharge. The
consistent operational time achieved throughout rigorous testing emphasizes the device's
reliability in managing medication schedules.
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Additionally, the study reveals that the alarm of the smart pill organizer remains audible
beyond 15 meters from its placement, ensuring that users can be alerted to take their medication
even if they are not in close proximity to the device. Lastly, expert evaluations and feedback
from respondents demonstrate a prominent level of acceptance and enthusiasm for the
product's unique and innovative features. The accumulated results suggest that the smart pill
organizer has the potential to be successfully marketed locally after further refinement.
In conclusion, this research presents a significantly improved smart pill organizer with
advanced features, robust connectivity, impressive battery performance, and positive user
feedback. By addressing medication adherence challenges, this device offers a promising
solution for elderly individuals and those requiring long-term medical maintenance.
Keywords: smart pill organizer, prototype, medication adherence, reminder system, advanced
connectivity, elderly, long-term medical maintenance, convenience, and independence
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CHAPTER I
Introduction
This chapter contains the issue being investigated and its background, states the
problem and its associated hypothesis, illustrates a vivid representation of the study, indicates
its significance in society, identifies the limits and constraints of the investigation, and lay out
the definition of terminologies employed.
1.1 Background of the Study
Chronic disease, elderly, disabled, and long-term medication patients are increasing
worldwide and require attention from all governments, as they are presenting a group of the
population with increasing expenses for hospitalization, consultations, and pharmaceutical
expenses (Botella et al., 2013). Various studies showed that elderly patients were constantly
exposed to errors in their medication intake. These errors are more apparent if their medication
intake spans six months or more and may result in more hospital readmissions (Beard, n.d.).
The reason why elderly patients are having problems with their medication intake is mostly
related to their age and the number of prescribed medications.
Notably, one of the major challenges for patients with chronic diseases is the lack of
medication adherence. A report by the World Health Organization reported that around 50%
of chronic disease patients in developed countries do not take their prescribed medications.
This issue leads to increased mortality, morbidity, and costs (Oung et al., 2017). Commonly in
third-world countries, in-home 24/7 healthcare monitoring and supervisory facilities demand
a great deal of money and human labor.
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This, combined with the innate forgetfulness of the human mind, can result in grave
irregularities, often leading to negligence, critical situations, and despair. Often, individuals
with long-term medical maintenance cannot comprehend the harm they inflict on their bodies
by not taking pills at the right time, delaying intake, leaving it midway through, or even
erroneously taking the wrong dosage.
Despite the incremental increase in the development of mobile technologies, the
potential of numerous solutions for improving medication adherence has remained almost
unexplored (Haleem et al., 2022). The use of ICT in the healthcare industry is quickly evolving
with the arrival of smartphones. It is gradually improving patient medication intakes, which in
turn improves their medication adherence. In today's technologically driven society,
applications increasingly dominate people’s daily lives. It is a fact that humans lead extremely
hectic lives, and as a result, they are grateful for any innovation that may help them organize
their time more efficiently. Stopping treatment abruptly or taking the wrong kind of medication
can cause significant harm to a person's health. Frankly, the use of significantly improved pill
boxes will be of great assistance in maintaining a record of the number of pills taken by
patients, the times at which they took them, as well as the services rendered within a
predetermined amount of time. It serves as a pill organizer and a reminder, and it can handle
the organization of many pills daily. It can send a text message or a notification, flash a light,
or play a sound to remind individuals to take their medication.
The current researchers observed that a range of pillbox items are currently available
on the global market. The traditional pillbox with seven compartments for each of the seven
days of the week was the most affordable alternative. This pillbox usually costs around 200
Indian rupees (INR).

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However, the user was obliged to refill the pillboxes once a week. Users frequently mix
their pills with other tablets in the same box when inserting medications, increasing the
possibility of error. Another type of pillbox on the market contains a sound reminder and can
remind the user to take medication at the time they select, but only once a day. The costs of
this type of pillbox were so high, around 1,000 INR, that the researchers of the current study
felt that it was critical to develop a smart pill organizer that was substantially more advanced,
boosting its cost while increasing the user's convenience. The researchers will then determine
whether the device is effective and functional, determining the device's characteristics based
on the needs of the user.
The current study suggests a smart pill organizer with time monitoring and alert
activation capabilities, which will increase user medication adherence. Furthermore, when a
pill is retrieved from the smart pill organizer, it is recorded on the app. However, the device
will not track whether or not the user took the pill. More importantly, a smart pill organizer
must be seamlessly integrated with the most advanced and innovative smart technology
available. At the same time, it had to be appropriate for the elderly’s limited knowledge and
experience to execute the simplicity of utilization. Additionally, to be considered smart, it must
be connected via a wireless network, allowing it to connect to the internet for future
applications and integration. It is also distinguished by the extended range of Wi-Fi rather than
Bluetooth or any other field communication, which eliminates the need for any wires or wired
connections and so permits portability in the first place.
It is linked to the mobile phone over the same network, with which potential users can
choose the scheduling interval for the dose and be notified in a variety of ways when the dose
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time arrives. It also features a sort of physical warning LED, so that the elderly or other users
have no choice but to remember the medication schedule and adhere to it on time.
To recapitulate, this study aims to potentially address the critical issue of medication
non-adherence faced by the elderly and individuals requiring prolonged medical care. As
previously stated, the non-adherence to the medication of an individual can result in
detrimental health issues, increased healthcare costs, and decreased quality of life. To mitigate
this issue, the researchers will develop and evaluate a highly advanced pill organizer that
leverages cutting-edge technology to provide a comprehensive solution.
The smart pill organizer will be designed to incorporate features like real-time
monitoring and alerts, personalized reminders, and an intuitive user interface to assist
individuals in managing their medication regimen effectively. The minimum viable version of
the device will be subjected to rigorous evaluation and testing by experts in certain fields such
as engineering, Empowerment Technologies instructor, and even Information Technology (IT)
professionals. The feedback from these experts will be instrumental in enhancing the device's
functionality and overall effectiveness.
Ultimately, the outcomes of the experiment will be meticulously documented, and the
noteworthy appraisals of the chosen experts will be highlighted in the study. On top of that,
the researchers will select an adequate number of individuals who are conveniently available
and will likely participate voluntarily in the study to gather valuable responses and feedback
from them upon directly examining the prototype of the smart pill organizer. Through this
investigation, the researchers aim to contribute significantly to the development of a practical
and cost-effective solution that can improve medication adherence and, consequently, the
health outcomes of individuals requiring prolonged medical care.

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1.2 Theoretical Framework
The study's theoretical framework draws upon established principles and theories in the
fields of physics and electronics to elucidate the processes and functions of the main features
of the Smart Pill Organizer prototype. The study incorporates three core concepts that align
with the research's objectives: Kirchhoff's laws, Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction,
and Digital Signal Processing (DSP). These concepts serve as the theoretical underpinnings
for the study. Kirchhoff's laws, fundamental principles in electrical engineering formulated by
Gustav Kirchhoff in the 19th century, explain the interconnection between current and voltage,
emphasizing the conservation of charge and energy. These laws are vital for optimizing the
technical flow within the Smart Pill Organizer, facilitating effective operation and regulation
of its electrical components. They also apply to the battery aspect of the device by analyzing
voltage drops and sources in the circuit.
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, proposed by Michael Faraday in 1831,
explores how a changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a nearby conductor. This
concept is crucial for understanding the connectivity technology of the Smart Pill Organizer,
particularly its wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) functionality. By incorporating Faraday's law, the
study describes the process by which the Wi-Fi feature operates, ensuring an optimized
connection system.
Lastly, Digital Signal Processing (DSP), a technique used for analyzing and
manipulating signals in various domains, plays a vital role in the mechanics of the Smart Pill
Organizer's alarm system. By processing and analyzing signals from sensors and command
prompts, DSP enables accurate detection and activation of the alarm systems.
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1.3 Conceptual Framework
CONNECTIVITY BATTERY
ALARM SYSTEM
TECHNOLOGY CAPACITY
PERFORMANCE
OF MECHANISM
EFFECTIVITY OF THE SMART

PILL ORGANIZER
Figure 1
The Conceptual Model of the Study
Figure 1 illustrates the conceptual underpinning of the study; it consists of 5 variables,
each serving its purpose and significance to the research. The aforementioned framework
indicates a concise and unambiguous trajectory of interconnections, showing a singular flow
of relationships among the variables. Concerning this, the model can be classified into 3
primary domains: Product Mechanisms, Performance, and Effectivity. These 3 domains
signify the main aspects of the framework.
In accordance with the development of the product, the integration of the Connectivity
Technology, Battery Capacity, and Alarm System into the Smart Pill Organizer serves as the
product mechanism that determines the operations of the Product. Implementation of said
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mechanisms serves as a critical aspect that evaluates its overall performance. Moreover, these
mechanisms function as the pivotal factors that will determine the quality of the Smart Pill
Organizer. The factors mentioned will serve as the basis and foundation of the study, providing
the necessary framework for conducting comprehensive and meaningful research.
Furthermore, the performance of these mechanisms will directly influence the overall
functionality of the Smart Pill Organizer, which in turn determines its effectiveness in
achieving its intended purpose. As such, the successful implementation of these mechanisms
is vital to ensure the Smart Pill Organizer operates at an optimal level compared to commercial
devices and delivers the intended desired results.
1.4 Statement of the Problem
The primary goal of the study is to develop a significantly improved smart pill organizer
that could help elderly patients and other prospective users in dealing with certain adherence
issues related to their medication regimen.
Specifically, the researchers of the study sought answers to the following questions:
1. What is the longest distance that the Smart Pill Organizer can cover to guarantee its
connectivity with the paired device?
2. How long will the Smart Pill Organizer’s battery life last?
3. What is the maximum range at which the Smart Pill Organizer’s alarm can be heard?
4. What is the level of acceptance of the Smart Pill Organizer as evaluated by:
4.1 Experts
4.2 Students
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1.5 Research Hypotheses
After analyzing and considering various factors, the researchers decided to formulate
multiple research hypothesis that is based on the stated research problems. The following
hypotheses were formulated and tested in this study:
• Null Hypotheses
H01: The Smart Pill Organizer has no specific guarantee for its connectivity range with
the paired device.
H02: The Smart Pill Organizer’s battery life does not last for any specific duration.
H03: The Smart Pill Organizer’s alarm has no specific maximum range at which it can
be heard.
H04: The level of acceptance of the Smart Pill Organizer among experts and students
is not significantly different from the average level of acceptance.
• Alternative Hypotheses
Ha1: The Smart Pill Organizer has a specific guaranteed connectivity range with the
paired device.
Ha2: The Smart Pill Organizer’s battery life lasts for a specific duration.
Ha3: The Smart Pill Organizer’s alarm has a specific maximum range at which it can
be heard.
Ha4: The level of acceptance of the Smart Pill Organizer among experts and students is
significantly high.
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1.6 Significance of the Study
The outcome of the study will provide new insights into the safety and accuracy of
medication management with the smart pill organizer and its relevance to the medical field.
The collected data includes useful information that results in the following benefitting
community:
Medical Technologists — The results of this study will provide recognition of
technology and how it improves the development of society’s healthcare. Medical
Technologists or highly skilled professionals play a vital role in the Healthcare industry, this
study will help them understand the importance of technology and its advantages to the medical
field to further provide ways of collaboration to enhance the potential of engaging in
meaningful work.
Healthcare workers — It provides a general understanding of identifying the health
problems and needs of the impact of medication adherence. The research and experimentation
on the smart pill organizer help to meet the demands of the intended participants, saves time,
gives assistance, and due to the smart alarm mode, requires less physical exertion from workers
or caretakers. Effectively reducing the amount of effort needed as it promotes independence
among the intended participants. Consequently, less expenditure of energy allows workers to
prioritize other health concerns and tasks relating to their field which contributes to the system.
People with disabilities, Patients, and Seniors — The results of the study may
encourage them to use the technological device as a coherence to independence, knowing when
to take accurate dosage timing of medication to keep track of their pill cycle, being informed
of the capabilities and functions of the product and the beneficial effects that it produces, may
influence them to be interested and thus, seek the device which as a result may aid them in
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their endeavors. Alternately, they will also be aware of the smart pill organizer's dependability
as well as any additional objections that have been raised.
Students — The process of writing the paper, which includes research, experimenting,
and the development of a new and improved pill organizer, will increase students' conceptual
understanding and writing skills.
Teachers — This study will give them a foundation for building on the development
of education regarding the importance of understanding the use of this technological device.
Through this research, teachers may improve in catering to their students to give a more
effective performance in academics, and informative Ideas in project management.
The future researchers — The prime motive of this research is to provide more
knowledge and insights into the importance of medical adherence to therefore incorporate
improvement and assist to expand the researchers' understanding of how this study was
conducted, such as the methodologies used, collected data, and theoretical framework that can
be used as a reference to future studies.
In addition, this may serve as their reference for the evaluation of the risk of failures
in the smart pill organizer that the current researchers are going to construct, as well as the
failures that may occur along the procedures. In doing so, they might be able to improve
upon the challenges currently faced by researchers in developing the product.
1.7 Scope and Delimitations
This study aims to determine the outcomes of designing and developing a prototype of
a pill organizer that uses technology to potentially address the non-compliance issues among
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the elderly and other individuals who particularly have multiple and long-term medical
maintenances.
In addition to this, the expert’s evaluation of the product’s prototype will be further
discussed. The scope of the study spans the years 2022 and 2023. Meanwhile, the following
delimitations are anticipated to be encountered by the current researchers:
• The impending deadline further intensifies the pressure on the researchers, forcing them
to adopt a pragmatic approach. Instead of investing significant time and resources into
the complete development of the product, they opt for a prototype model within a
specified timeframe. This decision allows them to demonstrate the concept's viability,
test key functionalities, and gather valuable data and user feedback that can guide
subsequent iterations.
• The development of the proposed application will be restricted to smartphones
exclusively, rendering it incompatible and ineffective on other devices like tablets,
smartwatches, laptops, and computers.
• The examination of data encryption protocols for ensuring the security of information
transmitted to the Smart Pill Box will not be encompassed within the scope of this
research and shall not be expounded upon.
• The prototype cannot track or monitor medication effectiveness or side effects. It does
not provide any feedback or analysis of the user's health condition.
• The prototype does not have a mechanism for automatic medication refills. Users will
need to manually refill the device with medications when they run out, relying on their
tracking methods to ensure an adequate supply is maintained.
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• The prototype does not have a built-in power backup or alternative power source. In
the event of a power outage or failure, the device will not be functional until power is
restored.
1.8 Definition of Terms
To facilitate a deeper comprehension of the study, the following terminologies are
defined:
• Faint – An adjective that describes something as being very weak, indistinct, or barely
perceptible. In the context of the study on the Smart Pill Organizer's alarm audibility, the word
"faint" is used during the discussion of the results to refer to the low volume or weak sound
produced by the device's alarm.
• Longevity – Refers to the duration or lifespan of a product, system, or organism. It
encompasses the ability to maintain functionality, effectiveness, or vitality over an extended
period. In the context of testing the battery life of a Smart Pill Organizer, mentioning longevity
implies evaluating how long the device can operate before requiring a recharge or replacement
of the battery.
• Medication adherence – Refers to the number of times per day and per week that a
patient should take their prescriptions, as well as continuing to take their prescribed
medications.
• Medication regimen – A treatment or therapy regimen meant to improve and sustain
a patient's health. Similar to the product the current researchers propose to create, but more
akin to a treatment plan that will benefit and enhance the patient's health.
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• Multi-compartment compliance aids (MCAs) – Multi-compartment compliance
aids are devices or systems designed to help individuals manage their medication regimen
effectively. The Smart Pill organizer mentioned in the current study is an example of a multi-
compartment compliance aid. It likely incorporates features such as electronic reminders,
alarms, or tracking capabilities to help individuals remember to take their medications at the
prescribed times and ensure adherence to their treatment plans.
• Polymedicated elderly patients – One of the study’s target users is the geriatric
population (defined as persons aged 65 and over), who are taking various drugs and are thus
at increased risk of adverse events including drug side effects. Moreover, they have numerous
prescriptions, which drives the current researchers to create a vastly improved pill organizer.
• Polypharmacy – It refers to the practice of administering several different
medications to a particular patient to treat an illness or ailment. Polypharmacy was discussed
in the research, and it is important to consider when applying the knowledge gained from it to
the application of the smart pill box, which involves the organization of the patient's prescribed
medications.
• Smart Pill Box – A medical device that employs the latest innovation to ensure that
patients who require multiple medications adhere to them in the appropriate amounts and at
the right time of the day. This is the main thrust of the researcher’s investigation, as well as
the foundation for the product they intend to develop for the benefit of the elderly and other
sectors included in the scope of the study.
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CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter provides an extensive examination of pertinent literature and studies
derived from both foreign and local sources. It encompasses a comprehensive synthesis of the
existing body of knowledge, a gap analysis to identify areas requiring further exploration, as
well as a critical review of relevant scholarly works and dissertations.
2.1 The Prevalence of Geriatric Population and Their Health Status
According to the World Health Organization (2022), by 2030, 1 in 6 people in the world
will be aged 60 years or older. At this time, the share of the population aged 60 years and over
will increase from 1 billion in 2020 to 1.4 billion. By 2050, the world’s population of people
aged 60 and older will double to 2.1 billion. The number of people aged 80 years or older is
expected to triple between 2020 and 2050 to reach 426 million. Today, most people can expect
to live into their sixties and beyond. Every country in the world is experiencing growth in both
the size and the proportion of older people in its population. While this shift in the distribution
of a country's population towards older ages, known as population aging, started in high-
income countries (for example, in Japan, 30% of the population is already over 60 years old),
it is now low- and middle-income countries that are experiencing the greatest change. By 2050,
two-thirds of the world’s population over 60 will live in low- and middle-income countries.
Consequently, the accompanying issue of the geriatric population prevalence is the inevitable
illnesses that create a great impact on the desire of every elderly individual to live a healthy
holistic life.
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At the biological level, aging results from the impact of the accumulation of a wide
variety of molecular and cellular damage over time. This leads to a gradual decrease in physical
and mental capacity, a growing risk of disease, and ultimately death. These changes are neither
linear nor consistent, and they are only loosely associated with a person’s age in years.
The diversity seen in older people is not random. Common conditions in older age
include hearing loss, cataracts, refractive errors, back and neck pain, osteoarthritis, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, depression, and dementia. Concerning this, evidence
indicates significant gaps in the health-seeking behaviors of outpatients (OPs), with about 30%
reporting an unmet need for medical attention, mainly because of a lack of financial means.
About 27% of OPs diagnosed with hypertension and 32% with diabetes are not taking
medications for their condition. Although a government program provides free medications for
hypertension and diabetes at public health facilities such as rural health units, the results
indicate that only 31% of hypertensive and 18% of diabetics obtain free medication from health
centers all the time (Ministry of Health, 2019).
In the same vein, Cruz et al. (2019) explored in their inquiry that while the Philippines’
population is not yet aging, worldwide demographic trends indicate it will. The population of
older Filipinos is increasing significantly as part of overall population growth. Like many
countries, the Philippines will experience a growth in the population of Filipinos 65 years of
age and older. Currently, the nation is not substantially prepared to meet the needs of the influx
of aging Filipinos. In 2000–2010, Filipinos aged 60 and over had the highest growth rate at
3.2%, compared with those in the age group 15–59 at 2.0% and children (below 15) at 0.9%.
Older Filipinos, recorded at 6 million in 2010, are projected to increase to 12 million by 2025
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based on the medium-term assumption of the 2010 census-based population projection by the
Philippine Statistics Authority and Inter-Agency Working Group on Population Projections
(2016). With the certain rise in the number of older Filipinos shortly comes the need to prepare
now. Among the areas that will require judicious planning and preparation are health and
general well-being, economic and social support, and, with advanced population aging, long-
term care (LTC).
2.2 Factors Associated with Medication Adherence in Elderly Patients
According to World Health Organization (WHO), as cited by Salgia et. Al. (2015),
Over 80% of individuals over the age of 60 are prescribed medications that must be taken 24
times each day. With the rise in cardiovascular disease and diabetes among peers, frequent
medication administration has become a high priority. However, another 40-60% of these
people have problems remembering to take their medications on time. In addition, the
Department of Health and Human Services recently reported that a stunning 55% of people
aged 65 and over are noncompliant with their drug prescriptions, which indicates that they do
not take their medication in the manner that was recommended by their physician.
In a similar vein, poor adherence to the medication regimen is an ongoing problem
among older adults. Memory loss, impaired vision, and a lack of manual dexterity are all
potential factors that may contribute to this issue. Unwanted effects may lead some patients to
alter their dosage or stop taking medicine altogether without first visiting their doctor. One
possible contributor to noncompliance is financial difficulties (Zelko et. Al, 2016). Older
people are more prone than younger ones to have multiple chronic medical conditions, such as
high blood pressure, diabetes, or arthritis, and therefore require more medications. Besides this,
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many prescriptions used by older people to treat chronic disorders are taken for years, which
means that they must maintain their regular intake of prescribed medications in the worst-case
scenarios that their chronic illnesses may cause.
Unquestionably, as the population ages, the healthcare sector faces a growing burden
of chronic diseases and rising prescription costs. Globally, polypharmacy and drug adherence
in the elderly are serious public health concerns and a major focus of integrated care. In
addition to the above-mentioned factors, Saljoughian (2019) indicated that polypharmacy,
which is the use of many prescriptions or more drugs than are medically necessary, causes
adherence issues in older patients, especially those who do not reside in nursing facilities.
Drug-related issues are becoming increasingly common among older adults. These issues
include drug ineffectiveness, unpleasant drug effects, overdosage, under dosage, inappropriate
therapy, poor monitoring, non-adherence, and a variety of other issues. Because of this, there
is an immediate and critical requirement to address this expanding problem that affects the
elderly population.
In addition to this, a study that was conducted by Horne (2013) showed that 45% of
cardiac patients remember the name of their medication, 50% can remember the prescribed
doses and 36% can remember when they have taken their medication. Research trials have
confirmed that lack of medication adherence is prevalent among elderly patients with heart
failure conditions, or more precisely, those that are suffering from chronic conditions. It has
been emphasized in the same study that a patient’s ability and willingness to follow a
prescribed medication can directly affect the effectiveness of the treatment. That being said,
numerous factors that result in patients’ non-adherence to their medication regimens have been
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indicated. Firstly, the patients often forget to take their medication on time. There are times
when the medication was taken at the wrong time. If not forgotten, patients overdose/underdose
on medication. Additionally, the fear of the patients possibly becoming addicted to their
medication is also one of the contributing factors. Other common factors include intentionally
ignoring doctor’s instructions; the patients finding the instructions for a medication a little
confusing; changes in medication schedule or they are overwhelmed by the number of
prescribed medications; the fear to deal with side effects or experiencing side effects; having
the belief that symptoms disappeared, and concluded that the medication is no longer
necessary; and lastly, patients lack discipline and do not have enough knowledge about how
important their medication is (having problem to see the negative consequences in the long
run). Technically, these issues do not only impact patients and the healthcare system, but they
also impact drug manufacturers’ reliability. Since it results in fewer prescriptions for medicine
as the patients tend to misuse and not follow the provided instructions by both the healthcare
professional and drug manufacturer (Alotaibi and Federico, 2017).
2.3 MCAs as a Potential Approach to Medication Non-Adherence
McCaarron et. Al. (2022) claimed that having knowledgeable and motivated patients
and family members who understand the importance of properly taking medication on time is
a prerequisite for achieving better medication intake. MCAS is designed for the convenience
of patients rather than the safety or convenience of trained caretakers. They help simplify the
drug regimen and provide a convenient way for patients to take their medicines. Specifically,
MCAs are capable of maximizing patient adherence and thereby optimizing the treatment
benefits. These devices are widely employed throughout Western Europe and the UK, and their
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use appears to be rapidly increasing, although the Regulated Product Submission (RPS) has
moved away from these devices as a means to improve adherence. In fact, these MCAs from
various pharmacies are further scattered over a wide geographic area in England and North
Wales.
In a study conducted by Choi (2019), it has been recognized that pillboxes are one of
the most largely used methods and one of the versatile solutions to improve medication
adherence by older adults. These pillboxes are available in the global market and can be
categorized into four categories: Firstly, the pill holders are denoted as passive boxes with
basic features that can’t remind patients to take their medication. They come in different
shapes, colors, compartments, and sizes. Alarm-based pill holders are active devices that
consist of compartments with an attached timer. They remind the patient to take their
medication when an alarm is triggered by a specific container. The following are pill
monitoring devices, they are home-based devices that contain medication that is sealed from
the user, but it dispenses medication to the user when it is time to take a medicine. Lastly,
mobile phone-based solutions are very suitable for managing and keeping track of a patient’s
dosage. Most of these systems require the patient to manually enter their medications into a
mobile application to set dosages and reminders.
Furthermore, there are other notable and vast quantities of different pillboxes, the most
common being one with a weekly format with four sub-compartments corresponding to
different periods of the day (Morning, Noon, Evening, and Bedtime). Pillboxes were developed
to decrease adherence errors and allow the elderly to maintain an independent lifestyle. But
filling the pillbox correctly is not a simple task as it requires an understanding of complex
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medication regimens, in addition to the skill to organize a schedule with the prescriptions and
handle this schedule across a one-week timeframe.
Some recent studies have found that, while using pillboxes, only 53% to 68.1% of older
adults adhered correctly to their prescribed regimens. These errors made while using a pillbox,
including putting the pills in the wrong compartment or taking a pill from the wrong
compartment, are dangerous because they are likely to be perpetuated throughout the entire
week. In a recent study, pillboxes were found to be widely used by the Canadian elderly
population, but it was observed that the types of pillboxes chosen and how they were used may
not be optimal to ensure medication adherence and prevent adherence errors. Additionally,
there is a lack of research on the effects of the inherent ergonomic characteristics of the
pillboxes, other than the opening mechanism, which could influence their use by older adults,
making it easier or harder to stand this complex task (e Souza and Santana, 2013).
2.4 A Comparison of Pillboxes for In-Home Use
The present study discovered that MACs on the market varied in both their physical
properties and the features they provide. Recent studies have begun to look into the usefulness
and acceptance of pillboxes and other electronic medication products that are hitting the
market. The requirement for various characteristics in these items may be determined by the
user’s specific demands, expectations, and capacities. According to the linked works and
accessible MACs on the market, there hasn’t been any research that emphasizes and employs
wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) in connecting the pillbox or any MAC to the applications available on
consumers’ mobile phones. That being said, the current study is attempting to incorporate this
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into the construction of a smart pill organizer. Wi-Fi is critical to making the product as
technologically advanced as possible.
Al-Qaysi (2018) postulated in an accompanying publication that the existing spectrum
of MACs in the medical field, particularly those that assist with improving adherence to
medications, is rather extensive but of diverse quality. Pilloxa, a developed solution, is
comprised of a mobile application and a cloud server. This device connects to the app through
Bluetooth and is designed for customers who take medications daily. However, some of the
individuals who were interviewed claimed to have specific issues regarding opening the
product. Similarly, UBox is a product intended for users who seek to increase adherence to
prescriptions. The system unlocks when it is time to take the medication to avoid double
dosing, and there is a mobile application with a timetable and alarm system that can send
notifications to family members if the user misses a dose. Except for the price, there are no
complaints about the product.
Concerning the cost of pillboxes, as highlighted in a peer-reviewed publication by
Faisal et al. (2021), the costs of popular pillboxes available on the market have been compared
and scrutinized. Notably, the upfront cost of marketed pillboxes ranged from $10 to $1500
(₱559.00 - ₱83, 806.00). Several products such as evriMED 1000 required a subscription fee
along with this upfront cost of the products requiring a subscription fee; other than that, the
inPen charged a monthly fee ranging from $10 to $100 (₱559.00 - ₱5,587.00), and lastly is
Airduo digihaler which charged a yearly fee of $99 which is equivalent to ₱5,532.00
(approximately ₱461.00 per month).
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In the same study, two products had an optional subscription fee. EllieGrid had an
optional fee to obtain report data for approximately $4 (₱223.48) per month. Wisepill had an
optional fee of $0.50 (₱27.94) per month for on-call support. In some products, such as Hailie,
ProAir digihaler and Airduo digihaler, and inPen, the cost is dependent on a flat fee that the
patients pay on the spot each time they go to their doctor to fill a prescription.
According to Management Sciences for Health (2013), the number of compartments
containing pharmaceuticals will drive the choice of product based on the number of times a
user is prescribed to take a medication. The number of times a product will need to be
replenished will also influence which product is decided upon. As a result, the number of
compartments in the device is an important characteristic to consider when selecting a product
for patients, particularly those who are on multiple regular medication regimens and manage
several medications (e.g., those with chronic diseases or older adults with multiple
comorbidities). Similarly, locking characteristics may be required for patients with memory or
cognitive impairments to prevent unintentional double dosing owing to forgetfulness.
To address this issue, locking characteristics can be incorporated into medication
packaging. These characteristics may include features like child-resistant caps, tamper-evident
seals, or specialized locking mechanisms. These mechanisms require a specific action or
combination to open the medication container, making it more difficult for individuals with
memory impairments to accidentally access the medication multiple times (Afaya et. al, 2021).
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CHAPTER III
Methodology and Procedure
This chapter presents the various methods and procedures used by the researchers in
the overall development of the smart pill organizer’s prototype, as well as the procedures
undergone by the study itself. It consists of the method, materials, procedures, and even the
layout of the working prototype. Not to mention, it also includes the testing description of the
product, research design, research locale, sampling technique, research instrument, validation
of the instrument, data gathering procedures, and statistical treatment of data.
3.1 Developing a Prototype for the Smart Pill Organizer
3.1.1 Product Coding and Materials
Presented herein is an extensively detailed and meticulously compiled tabulation,
situated below, that exhibits a comprehensive and inclusive inventory comprising an array of
meticulously gathered materials. Each component is accompanied by its precise and exacting
quantity, duly recorded to ensure the utmost precision and accuracy. Furthermore, this
comprehensive inventory encompasses not only the constituent materials themselves but also
provides a comprehensive exposition of their multifaceted functionalities, meticulously
considered, and strategically integrated throughout the intricate process of constructing a
prototype for the distinguished smart pill organizer.
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Table 1
Direct Materials Used in Prototype Fabrication
Product Coding and Materials Used

Wha t
Materials Quantity Purpose

The Arduino Mega 2560 is a powerful
microcontroller board that is used as the brain
and main control of a smart pill organizer. With
54 digital input/output pins, 16 analog inputs,
Arduino Mega R3 2560 1
and a 16 MHz quartz crystal, the Mega 2560
provides ample computing power and
connectivity options to create a robust and
versatile system.
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module is a self-contained
ESP-01 ESP8266 Wi-Fi SOC with an integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
1
Module that can give the Arduino Mega 2560 access to
the Wi-Fi network.
The LCD display on the smart pill organizer is a
20x4 with an I2C interface, featuring a white-
20x4 LCD Display I2C on-blue backlight. It provides a clear interface
1
White on Blue for users, showcasing important information
like the current time, date, and customizable
medication reminders.
The tactile push button switches momentary
12127.3MM provides tactile feedback when
Tactile Push Button Switch pressed, allowing users to easily interact with
6
Momentary 12*12*7.3MM the device and set alarms directly on the product
itself, without relying on a separate app or
device.
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The Infrared IR Proximity Sensor module

detects medication levels in the smart pill
Infrared IR Proximity
8 organizer, working alongside the Arduino Mega
Sensor module for Arduino
2560 microcontroller. It enables automated
notifications for medication refills.
The LED kit provides a range of options for
5mm Led Kit Color Red
customization and organization, allowing users
Green Yellow Blue White 4
to easily identify which compartments contain
LED
which medications.
The SYB breadboard features a grid of holes and
conductive tracks that allows the researcher to
Solder Less PCB
2 connect modules and components using simple
Breadboard SYB
jumper wires. This makes it an ideal solution for
prototyping.
These jumper wires are designed to fit snugly
into the holes on the breadboard, providing a
secure and reliable connection between different
Breadboard Connecting
3 packs components. The wires are available in a range
Jumper Wires
of lengths and colors, allowing the team to easily
organize the circuits and keep track of which
wires are connected to which components.
The DS1307 RTC module is easy to use and can
be connected to your Arduino microcontroller
via the I2C interface. Once connected, the team
Grove - DS1307 RTC (Real can use the Arduino IDE to program the module
1
Time Clock) - Arduino and set the time and date. The module also
features an onboard battery backup, which
ensures that the clock continues to run even if
the main power supply is disconnected.
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The module is designed with a Type C Micro

USB interface, which allows for fast and
efficient charging of the battery. It can provide a
1
charging current of up to 1A, ensuring that the
Type C Micro USB 5V 1A
battery charges quickly and efficiently.
18650 Lithium Battery
Charger Module Charging
Additionally, the module also features
Board with Protection
protection circuitry that prevents damage to the
battery from overcharging, over-discharging,
and short circuits. This ensures that the battery
remains in good condition and extends its
lifespan, providing reliable power to the smart
pill organizer.
PKCell 3.7V Lithium-ion The power source of the system
2
3000mAh 18650
These resistors are used to limit the current
flowing through each LED, preventing it from
1/4W Resistance 1% Metal burning out or getting too dim. By using metal
4
Film Resistor film resistors with a 1% tolerance, you can
ensure that the LED displays on your smart pill
organizer are bright, clear, and long-lasting.
This creates a tight and secure seal around the
wire or component, preventing moisture and
Polyolefin Heat Shrink other contaminants from getting inside and
Tube Wrap Heat causing damage. Additionally, the heat shrink
1 pack
Shrink Tubing Kit 2:1 tubing provides an added layer of protection
Electric Insulation against heat, abrasion, and chemicals, making it
an essential component for any electronic
project.
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This enhances your smart pill organizer with

Digital Speaker Module Arduino compatibility, seamless sound
1
Arduino Compatible integration, and impeccable audio output, thanks
to its built-in amplifier and high-quality speaker.
The AA 18650 2S battery holder is a convenient
and reliable way to power the smart pill
organizer. It can hold two AA or 18650 batteries,
providing a stable source of power for the
Battery Holder Aa 18650 2S 1 device. The holder is designed with easy-to-use
spring contacts, making it simple to insert and
remove batteries as needed. Its compact size also
makes it easy to integrate into the project
without taking up too much space.
The CR1225 coin cell battery is a compact and
widely used power source known for its reliable
Coin Cell Battery CR1225 1 performance and long-lasting capabilities.
Battery for the Grove - DS1307 RTC

It features an onboard indicator light that
2s Lithium 18650 Battery displays the current battery level, allowing users
Pack Power Indicator 1 to easily check the status of their batteries. This
Board module is designed for use with 2s lithium
18650 battery packs.
Grove - 4-pin Female /Male It connects the DS1307 RTC to the Breadboard.
Jumper to Grove 4-pin 1
Conversion Cable
Serves as the body of the smart pill organizer.
Customized Acrylic Sheet 8
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Coding / Software Used Purpose

What
The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development

Environment) is a versatile and user-centric
software application that serves as a
comprehensive platform, seamlessly facilitating
the essential tasks of code creation, compilation,
No
and code uploading to Arduino
Arduino IDE Specific
microcontrollers. Designed with a strong
Amount
emphasis on user-friendliness, this intuitive and
feature-rich environment empowers developers
and enthusiasts alike to engage in the efficient
and streamlined development of intricate
codebases tailored for Arduino-based projects.
Blynk is an Internet of Things (IoT) platform
that allows users to build custom applications
for controlling and monitoring connected
devices. It provides a user-friendly interface for
creating apps that can be used to control and
No monitor devices remotely, using a smartphone or
Blynk IoT Specific tablet. The platform supports a wide range of
Amount microcontrollers, including Arduino, and
provides a library of pre-built widgets that can
be used to quickly create custom interfaces.
Blynk also includes cloud services for data
storage and analysis, making it a powerful tool
for building IoT applications.
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3.1.2 Procedures
1. To develop a prototype, the researchers first prepare and investigate the

specifications and essential components.
2. Evaluation of the gathered requirements to verify and ensure their functionality and
working condition.
3. After conducting thorough testing and ensuring that all the components are
functioning properly, the process of building a basic system commences in two
stages:
a) The motherboard is linked to the breadboard to establish connections between

the components without the need for soldering.
b) Subsequently, the breadboard components are linked together, and their
performance was assessed.
4. all the components and circuitry are linked, and the programming process for the
motherboard will commence in two phases:
a) The initial phase of programming will focus on the product itself and
conducting independent experiments.
b) The subsequent phase of programming will entail programming the Blynk App
for mobile devices and examining its responsiveness towards the prototype.
5. Once the prototype's proper functioning is confirmed, it will be linked to the battery
system. Additionally, an evaluation will be conducted on the battery's durability
when connected to the components and the primary circuit board.
6. After ensuring the coherence and interconnection of the parts, all the linked elements
are arranged within the "Organizer" (the principal structure of the product).
7. The ultimate examination involved the following procedures:
a) Confirmation that the sensors and LED reactions are appropriately placed.
b) Assurance of the functionality of all the buttons and connectors or ports.
c) Scrutiny of the accuracy of the time, alarm, and other details that need to be
exhibited on the LCD screen. Finalizing the Organizer by incorporating branding
and packaging for the Smart Pill Organizer.
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3.1.3 Product Layout
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Figure 2
Smart Pill Organizer’s Layout
3.2 Testing Description
A comprehensive test was carried out to confirm the functioning of the integrated
system. This test was performed subsequent to the successful testing of the components
required for the product. The actual outcomes of the functional testing of the product were
documented to serve as a basis for further enhancements. Esteemed experts from diverse fields,
who were qualified to evaluate the overall quality and capability of the developed prototype to
potentially address non-compliance issues among elderly patients and those requiring long-
term medical care, conducted the actual testing and evaluation of the product. The experts were
given ample time to examine and evaluate the functional and tangible prototype at their
convenience. The questionnaire provided to the experts for evaluation included categories such
as prototype materials, safety, device compatibility, storage capacity, product performance,

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL xliii
and overall quality. After the expert evaluation, the prototype was presented to selected
respondents of the study and evaluated from various perspectives through another survey
conducted at STI College Ortigas-Cainta.
3.3 Research Design
An experimental research design is utilized in this inquiry. Notably, experimental
design as a subset of scientific investigation is a popular and widely used research approach.
The essence of experimental design, and possibly the most important reason why researchers
choose this design and perform experiments, is the precision with which the relationship
between and among variables can be analyzed and made as objective as possible. To look at it
from another perspective, the experimental design minimizes ambiguity and attempts to
eliminate confusion.
Hence, experimental design methods allow the experimenter, or in this case, the present
researchers, to understand better and evaluate the factors that influence the smart pill
organizer’s prototype through statistical approaches. Such approaches combine theoretical
knowledge of experimental designs and a working knowledge of the particular factors to be
studied. The outcomes that will be gathered from this approach are often relevant and particular
to the overall success of the inquiry. Due to the data points obtained from the experimentation,
current researchers can assess failure, success, or any other precise outcome.
That is why, with the knowledge made accessible through this procedure, it is easier
to take any concept to the next level.
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3.4 Research Locale
STI College is among the biggest educational institutions in the Philippines, boasting
over 70 branches nationwide. The researchers found that the STI College Ortigas-Cainta
campus has a sizable student population that can be tapped for primary data gathering. Hence,
they conducted their product survey in this locality for ease and efficiency. The survey location
was chosen to optimize the researchers' time, as they are also enrolled in the said academic
institution. Since it is often not feasible to collect samples from the entire population due to
financial constraints, it is advisable to choose and utilize samples that are easily accessible and
in close proximity to the researchers.
Figure 3
The Geographic Location of STI College Ortigas-Cainta
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3.5 Sample and Sampling Technique
Convenience sampling, also known as availability sampling, is a non-probability
sampling method where individuals are chosen for the sample based on their ease of
accessibility to the researcher. This could be due to factors such as geographical proximity,
availability at a specific time, or willingness to participate. In this study, the researchers opted
for convenience sampling to select a total sample of 50 individuals from STI College Ortigas-
Cainta. This decision was driven by the limited time available, as the study needed to be
conducted immediately after the product's prototype was evaluated by experts.
3.6 Research Instrument
Research instruments are known as fact-finding strategies. These are the essential
instruments for data collection, including questionnaires, interviews, observations, and
readings. The questionnaire, which is a sort of survey, was chosen as the tool for collecting
data concerning the product developed in the current study. A survey questionnaire is a type
of inquiry document that consists mostly of a methodically constructed list of normative survey
questions. The researchers used structured questionnaires which included close-ended
questions as well as a scale rating, notably 4-point Likert scale survey questions. Furthermore,
the details concerning the product along with the instructions on whether the respondents were
required to circle or mark the chosen answer were affixed and associated with the survey
questionnaire.
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3.7 Validation of Instrument
The survey for Product Evaluation is designed to be completed by 50 respondents who
are situated within STI College Ortigas-Cainta. Additionally, the Evaluation Questionnaire for
experts/heuristics is intended for distribution among five (5) experts across a variety of fields
such as information technology, engineering, medicine, and even instructors in empowerment
technologies. These survey instruments were reviewed and authenticated by two (2) highly
respected faculty members of STI College Ortigas-Cainta who are working together to mentor
and support the researchers in their academic pursuits. Ms. Trizia Marie Chan conducted the
validation of the research instruments on May 2, 2023. The day after, Ms. Lecil Ebina officially
approved and confirmed that the self-devised instruments employed by the researchers
accurately measure their proposed objectives.
3.8 Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers had allotted vigorous time, effort, and cooperation in developing their
questionnaire to serve its intended respondents. The questionnaire was created utilizing
suitable questions modified from associated research and individual questions formed by the
researchers. The survey questionnaire was comprised of two segments partitioned into various
subparts that were related to the respondents' personal information and differing perspectives
concerning the working model of the smart pill organizer. In the questionnaire, a 4-point Likert
scale was used to evaluate whether the respondents strongly agreed, agreed, disagreed, or
strongly disagreed with the overall relevance and quality of the product's prototype model.
Upon obtaining approval from the General Physics and Triple I instructors, the survey
form for the product was finalized, reproduced, and disseminated to the chosen 50 participants
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL xlvii

at STI College Ortigas-Cainta, in accordance with the researchers' availability. Along with the
research instrument, the concrete and operational model of the product was showcased to the
respondents of the research. Sufficient time was granted to each of them to evaluate, examine,
and scrutinize the model so as to comprehend the product's function and operation. It is worth
mentioning that the participants of the research were initially apprised of their entitlements
upon their participation in the study.
With a well-founded expectation, the researchers anticipated the earnest participation of the
chosen respondents in completing the meticulously designed survey questionnaire, carefully
crafted to capture a comprehensive range of pertinent information. Subsequently, in due
course, the researchers meticulously collated and assembled invaluable research instruments,
which encompassed the insightful responses garnered from the esteemed participants. In a
methodical manner, the data acquired from the survey underwent an exhaustive process of
scrupulous tabulation and meticulous scrutiny, facilitating the derivation of insightful
conclusions predicated upon the frequency analysis of the various items selected by the
respondents. Moreover, recognizing the intrinsic value of triangulation and the need to fortify
the research findings, the researchers judiciously incorporated an array of secondary sources,
encompassing peer-reviewed published papers and scholarly literary works readily accessible
within the digital library's vast repository. By judiciously juxtaposing and cross-referencing
the primary data derived from the survey with these supplementary sources, the researchers
endeavored to augment the veracity and robustness of their findings, ultimately fostering a
more comprehensive and well-rounded understanding of the research domain under
investigation.
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3.9 Statistical Treatment of Data
This study relies on descriptive statistics to organize, synthesize, and show data
logically. The data collected in this inquiry were statistically managed as follows:
Weighted Mean – was used to determine the average value of a certain assortment of
numbers with varying degrees of weight. Specifically, it is used to compute the weight of the
responses to establish the central tendency or mean. The weighted mean formula shown below
has been applied:
The table below is the corresponding weighted mean on a four-point Likert scale:
Table 2
Likert Scale
WEIGHTED MEAN VISUAL INTERPRETATION SCALE
3.50 – 4.00 Strongly Agree (SA) 4
2.50 – 3.49 Agree (A) 3
1.50 – 2.49 Disagree (D) 2
1.00 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree (SD) 1
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL xlix

CHAPTER IV
Results
Bars
90m - 108m 0
70m - 90m 1
49m - 70m 2
30m - 49m 3
1m - 30m 4
Figure 4
Maximum Connectivity Range of the Smart Pill Organizer
The above-presented bar graph illustrates the comprehensive results of the connectivity
testing conducted on the Smart Pill Organizer prototype with the paired device or smartphone.
The x-axis represents the distance measured in meters (m), while the y-axis indicates the level
of achieved connectivity, ranging from 0 (unusable) to 4 (excellent), with intermediate levels
of 1 (weak), 2 (fair), and 3 (good).
1 hour
1 0
1 1 h & 15 min
4
1 2 hrs
2 3 hrs
4 hrs & 40 min
3
5 hrs
3
6 hrs
Figure 5
Battery Longevity of the Smart Pill Organizer
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL l
The pie chart presented offers a clear and concise visual depiction of the results
obtained from a thorough examination conducted to assess the battery longevity of the
operational prototype of the Smart Pill Organizer. In the chart, each color corresponds to a
specific value, specifically indicating the number of bars present in the smart pill organizer
after a certain number of hours. These bars represent the remaining battery capacity of the
device, providing valuable insights into its endurance over time.
Table 3
Audible Range of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Alarm
Description Distance
Loud (57dB) 1m – 15m
Moderate (50dB) 15m – 30m
Faint (43dB) 30m – 45m
The table presented offers a comprehensive breakdown of the alarm's audibility in the
smart pill organizer at different distances. It provides valuable insights into how effectively the
alarm can be heard at varying distances from the device. The table includes approximate
distances along with corresponding descriptions, indicating the level of audibility observed
during the testing process.
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Table 4
Experts’ Level of Acceptance on the Smart Pill Organizer Prototype
Expert Materials Safety Device Storage Product’s Overall

Compatibility Capacity Performance Acceptance
E1 Excellent Good Excellent Good Excellent Highly

Acceptable
E2 Good Good Satisfactory Satisfactory Good Acceptable
E3 Good Good Satisfactory Good Excellent Acceptable
E4 Satisfactory Good Good Excellent Good Acceptable
E5 Excellent Good Excellent Good Excellent Highly

Acceptable
E6 Excellent Good Satisfactory Good Good Acceptable
In the table, each expert (denoted as E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, and E6) provides an assessment
of the prototype in accordance with 5 categories (Materials, Safety, Device Compatibility,
Storage Capacity, and Product Performance) on a scale of poor, satisfactory, good, or excellent.
Furthermore, the overall acceptance level of the Smart Pill Organizer Prototype is derived from
the experts' evaluations of its features and capability. The overall acceptance is classified as
not acceptable, acceptable, or highly acceptable, based on the survey of the experts'
assessments.
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Table 5
Students’ Level of Acceptance on the Smart Pill Organizer Prototype
4 3 2 1 WM INTERPRETATION
Availability and Usage 23 24 1 2 3.36 AGREE
Suitability and Ease of Use 18 29 3 0 3.3 AGREE
Additional Features and Benefits 19 30 1 0 3.36 AGREE
Functionality and Interface 14 32 4 0 3.2 AGREE

Commercialization Potential 12 27 11 0 3 AGREE
OVERALL 3.24 AGREE
Note: 4 – Strongly Agree, 3 – Agree, 2 – Disagree, 1 – Strongly Disagree
The presented table provides a comprehensive overview of the collected results
obtained from a selected group of students participating in a product evaluation conducted by
researchers. The primary objective of this evaluation was twofold: to determine the product's
familiarity within the Philippines and to assess its potential for successful market penetration.
In order to gauge the participants' level of acceptance of the product, various aspects
were evaluated, including ease of use, benefits, functionality, interface, and additional features.
By thoroughly examining these factors, the researchers sought to gain insights into the
respondents' perceptions and opinions regarding the product.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL liii

CHAPTER V
Discussions
Figure 4 illustrates the comprehensive testing results of the connectivity between the
Smart Pill Organizer and paired devices or smartphones evaluated over various distances.
During the initial range of 1 meter to 30 meters, the connectivity bar of the Smart Pill Organizer
prototype consistently displayed four bars, indicating a strong and stable connection between
the device and the paired device or smartphone. As the distance increased from 30 meters to
49 meters, the connectivity bar dropped by one, indicating a slight decrease in signal strength.
However, the connection remained reliable and functional within this range.
Moving further away, from 49 meters to 70 meters, the connectivity bar displayed two
bars, suggesting a moderate signal strength. Although it was not as robust as at closer distances,
the connection between the Smart Pill Organizer and the paired device or smartphone was still
maintained reasonably well. Continuing the test from 70 meters to 90 meters, the connectivity
bar decreased further, showing only one bar. This indicated a weaker connection, and the
stability of the signal might be more susceptible to interference or obstacles in this range.
As the distance extended from 90 meters to 108 meters, the connectivity bar became
completely empty, indicating a loss of connection between the Smart Pill Organizer and the
paired device or smartphone. At this point, the signal was unable to reach the device reliably,
likely due to increased distance and potential environmental factors. Overall, the testing results
demonstrate that the Smart Pill Organizer's connectivity remains strong and reliable within a
range of 1 meter to 30 meters. However, beyond that range, the signal strength gradually
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL liv

diminishes, leading to a decreased connection quality and eventually a complete loss of
connectivity beyond 90 meters. These results provide valuable insights into the device's
effective operating range and can guide users in maintaining a stable connection with their
paired devices or smartphones.
The Longevity of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Battery Life
Figure 5 presented the comprehensive results obtained through an extensive
examination conducted to evaluate the battery longevity of the operational prototype of the
Smart Pill Organizer. During the battery longevity testing of the prototype, its performance
was observed and recorded over a period of seven (7) hours. The results provide insights into
the battery's behavior and how it gradually depleted over time. At the beginning of the test, the
battery was fully charged, indicated by a four-bar (4) charge level on the prototype's display.
This initial charge lasted for the first hour without any noticeable drop in battery life. As the
test progressed into the second hour, the battery's charge decreased by one (1) bar, indicating
a moderate level of power consumption. Another hour and fifteen minutes passed, bringing the
total test duration to two hours, and the battery's charge further dropped to three (3) bars.
Upon reaching the four-hour mark, the battery remained at three (3) bars, suggesting
relative stability in power consumption during this period. However, after four hours and forty
minutes, the battery's charge was reduced to just one (1) bar, indicating a rapid decline in power
levels. As the test entered its fifth hour, the battery's charge remained unchanged at one bar,
indicating a slow discharge rate. This level persisted throughout the sixth hour as well, with no
significant drop in battery life. However, at the seven-hour mark, the battery's charge was
completely depleted, leaving it fully empty and displaying a red color, indicating a critically
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lv

low power level. This suggests that the Smart Pill Organizer's battery lasted approximately
seven (7) hours before draining entirely.
Table 3 presents a comprehensive analysis that offers significant insights into the
audibility of the alarm integrated into the smart pill organizer at varying distances. The findings
indicate that the loudness of the alarm varies depending on the proximity to the device. Within
a range of approximately 1 meter to 15 meters, the alarm is loud and easily heard (57dB). This
implies that individuals within this distance will have no difficulty perceiving the alarm when
it is activated. The loudness of the alarm ensures that users are promptly alerted to take their
medication, even if they are in the immediate vicinity of the device.
Moving further away from the smart pill organizer, specifically within a distance of
approximately 15 meters to 30 meters, the alarm becomes moderately hard to hear (50dB).
Although the sound is still audible, it is not as loud as it is within the closer range. This suggests
that individuals within this range need to pay closer attention to ensure they can clearly hear
the alarm when it goes off. It may be necessary to minimize background noise or distractions
to ensure proper audibility.
As the distance increases from approximately 30 meters to 45 meters, the alarm
becomes faint (43dB). While the sound can still be heard, it is considerably quieter compared
to the previous ranges. Users within this range may need to strain their ears or be in a quieter
environment to adequately hear the alarm. It is important to note that in noisy or crowded
settings, the alarm's audibility may be compromised within this range.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lvi

The Degree of Acceptance Among Experts and Students Regarding the Prototype
Table 4 presents the compiled results from six (6) esteemed experts in various fields,
including technology, physics, computer science, medicine, and information technology. The
assessment provided by each expert is summarized as follows:
Expert 1 evaluated the product and regarded it as highly accepted. The second expert
found the overall performance of the product to be acceptable. The third expert considered the
product's capabilities to be acceptable. Additionally, the fourth expert viewed the overall
features of the product as acceptable. Furthermore, the fifth expert assessed the product as
highly acceptable. Lastly, the sixth expert criticized the product but still perceived it as
acceptable. Overall, the combined evaluations indicate that four out of the six invited experts
considered the product to be acceptable. This suggests that the product, with its current features,
has achieved a satisfactory level of acceptability.
Meanwhile, Table 5 presents the evaluation of respondents regarding the significant
features of the product. The majority of respondents agreed that this particular product is not
widely used and widely known in the Philippines, as indicated by a total weighted mean of 3.36.
In terms of usability and ease of use, the results showed a total weighted mean of 3.3.
Concerning the product's features and benefits, the result revealed a total weighted mean of
3.36. Moreover, a total weighted mean of 3.2 was obtained for the product's functionality and
interface. Finally, the potential of the product to be commercialized received a total weighted
mean of 3. Overall, the weighted mean of 3.24 indicates that the majority of respondents agreed
on the product's features.
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CHAPTER VI
Conclusions
This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the research conducted,
encompassing the overarching findings derived from the analysis of quantitative data. The data
underwent rigorous investigation and interpretation, leading to conclusive insights on
addressing both general and specific problems. Additionally, the study's key findings serve as
the basis for proposing implications and recommendations to guide future actions in light of
the research outcomes.
6.1 Summary of Objectives and Approach
The objective of this quantitative study is to address the existing gap in providing
innovative solutions for improving medication adherence. Specifically, this study aims to
develop an advanced Smart Pill Organizer that caters to the needs of elderly patients and
individuals with chronic illnesses who require long-term medical maintenance. The
researchers intend to develop a prototype of the Smart Pill Organizer that incorporates key
features, including a reminder system, and utilizes cutting-edge technologies such as the
Internet of Things (IoT) for connectivity and data exchange, embedded sensors for monitoring,
and the Blynk mobile application for user interface and notifications.
The Smart Pill Organizer underwent rigorous testing and examination by six experts
from various disciplines, including computer science, physics, and technology to ensure its
quality and efficacy. This multidisciplinary evaluation aimed to verify the product's
functionality, performance, and compatibility with existing technologies. Additionally, the
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lviii

researchers conducted a convenience sampling product survey at STI College Ortigas-Cainta
to gather valuable data regarding the acceptance of the Smart Pill Organizer.
The survey that was conducted specifically focused on assessing the community's
perception of the product's innovative features and potential benefits, especially for the
geriatric population and individuals managing multiple medications. Furthermore, the
collected data from both the product survey and expert evaluations were meticulously
processed, analyzed, interpreted, and justified. In order to provide a comprehensive evaluation,
the researchers complemented the primary data with secondary data, including related studies
and literature. This integration of multiple data sources allowed for a thorough understanding
of the product's impact and potential to address the identified problems.
Ultimately, the Smart Pill Organizer has successfully maintained a consistent and
reliable connectivity range with its paired device. This connectivity range spans from 1 meter
to an impressive 90 meters. In addition, extensive testing of the product has revealed that its
battery life lasts for a remarkable 7 hours of continuous usage.
Moreover, the Smart Pill Organizer's alarm system remains audible even at a
considerable distance of 45 meters, ensuring that users can easily hear the alerts and reminders
wherever they are in proximity to the device.
Furthermore, the evaluation of the product, conducted by a combination of experts and
students, has shown a significantly high level of acceptance. As a result, all the null hypotheses
formulated in this study have been unequivocally REJECTED, indicating that the Smart Pill
Organizer is positively received and meets the expectations and requirements of its users.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lix

6.2 Findings
Problem No. 1. What is the longest distance that the Smart Pill Organizer can cover to
guarantee its connectivity with the paired device?
Based on the provided information, the Smart Pill Organizer's connectivity remains
strong and reliable within a range of 1 meter to 49 meters. As the distance extended beyond 49
meters to 90 meters, the connectivity bar was still present but likely weaker. However, beyond
90 meters and up to 108 meters, the connectivity bar became completely empty, indicating a
loss of connection. Therefore, based on the given data, the longest distance that can be
guaranteed for the Smart Pill Organizer's connectivity with the paired device is 49 meters.
Problem No. 2. How long will the Smart Pill Organizer’s battery life last?
The Smart Pill Organizer's battery life lasts approximately seven (7) hours based on the
testing results. After that, it requires recharging as it becomes fully depleted.
Problem No. 3. What is the maximum range at which the Smart Pill Organizer’s alarm can be
heard?
According to the findings, the smart pill organizer's alarm has a maximum range of
approximately 45 meters. Beyond this distance, the alarm's audibility begins to diminish. The
sound becomes increasingly difficult to hear as the distance increases further. Eventually, at
a certain point, the alarm may not be audible at all.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lx

Problem No. 4. What is the level of acceptance of the Smart Pill Organizer as evaluated by:
4.1 Experts
The level of acceptance of the product, as evaluated by the experts, can be described as
acceptable or satisfactory. Four out of the six experts considered the product to be acceptable,
while two experts had a more positive assessment, describing it as highly accepted. Overall,
the combined evaluations indicate that the product has achieved a satisfactory level of
acceptability with its current features.
4.1 Students
Based on the data provided, the level of acceptance of the product as evaluated by the
students can be considered moderate. The weighted mean values for various aspects of the
product, such as its usage, usability, features and benefits, functionality and interface, and
commercial potential, range from 3.2 to 3.36. This indicates that the majority of respondents
agreed with the product's features.
6.3 Implications
The testing results of the Smart Pill Organizer's connectivity have important
implications for users. It indicates that maintaining a stable connection beyond 30 meters
becomes increasingly challenging, with a complete loss of connectivity occurring beyond 90 -
108 meters. This knowledge allows users to strategically position their paired devices within
the optimal operating range to ensure uninterrupted connectivity. It also helps users manage
their expectations and plan their activities, accordingly, avoiding potential disruptions in the
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxi

functionality of the device. Understanding the connectivity capabilities of devices is crucial in
maximizing their functionality and usability in an advancing technological landscape.
The Longevity of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Battery Life
The comprehensive battery performance tests on the Smart Pill Organizer have
demonstrated an impressive longevity of approximately seven hours, indicating the device's
reliability in effectively managing medication schedules. However, it is essential to recognize
that battery life can be influenced by several factors. Usage patterns, such as the frequency and
duration of interactions with the device, as well as the number of notifications received, can
impact power consumption. Furthermore, the type of medications being managed may affect
battery life due to varying levels of device engagement. Therefore, while the Smart Pill
Organizer's battery exhibited satisfactory performance during testing, accurately estimating its
battery life in real-world scenarios necessitates taking into account individual usage habits,
notification volume, and the specific medications involved.
Overall, the results demonstrate that the smart pill organizer's alarm remains audible up
to a distance of 45 meters. This is a noteworthy finding as it implies that even when the device
is placed 45 meters away from the user, they can still hear the alarm, albeit at a faint level. The
audibility range of the alarm allows users to have flexibility in positioning the device while
maintaining the assurance that they will be alerted to take their medication. These findings
have practical implications for the use of the smart pill organizer in various settings. For
individuals who keep the device within close proximity, the loudness of the alarm ensures that
they will be alerted without fail. However, for those who need to position the device farther
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxii
away due to space constraints or personal preference, the faint audibility at longer distances
still provides a reasonable level of assurance. Nevertheless, it is essential for users to consider
their environment and make necessary adjustments to optimize the audibility of the alarm.
The Degree of Acceptance Among Experts and Students Regarding the Prototype
Following a thorough evaluation by six esteemed experts, the product has achieved a
satisfactory level of acceptability. Despite one expert's criticism, the overall survey among the
experts is whether the product's performance, capabilities, and features are acceptable or highly
accepted. This indicates that the product has met the experts' criteria and is likely to be well-
received by users or consumers in its current state. The majority of positive evaluations from
the experts demonstrate that the product has attained a certain level of quality and can be
considered a viable option in its respective field.
Furthermore, it is worth noting that the product being evaluated is relatively unknown
and not widely used in the Philippines, according to the majority of respondents. This suggests
limited awareness of or familiarity with the product among the target market. Additionally, the
results reveal that the product received moderately positive evaluations regarding usability,
features and benefits, functionality, interface, and commercialization potential. Therefore,
efforts should be directed toward increasing awareness and knowledge about the product among
the target audience in the Philippines.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxiii

6.4 Recommendations
Following a comprehensive evaluation and consideration of the study’s prior results
and conclusions, the flowing recommendations are made:
1. It is recommended that users of the Smart Pill Organizer maintain a distance of 1
meter to 30 meters between the device and the paired smartphone for reliable
connectivity. Beyond this range, the signal strength gradually diminishes, and
beyond 90-108 meters, the connectivity is completely lost. By positioning the paired
devices strategically within the optimal range, users can ensure uninterrupted
connectivity and maximize the functionality of the Smart Pill Organizer.
2. The Smart Pill Organizer is a reliable device for managing medication schedules,
with an impressive battery life of approximately seven hours. However, it is
important to consider individual usage habits, notification volume, and the specific
medications being managed when estimating the device's battery life in real-world
scenarios. Overall, the Smart Pill Organizer could be a useful tool for individuals
looking to manage their medication schedules efficiently, but users should keep in
mind that battery life can be influenced by various factors.
3. Future iterations of the smart pill organizer could potentially explore ways to
enhance the audibility of the alarm at greater distances. This could involve
implementing adjustable sound levels or incorporating additional technologies, such
as vibration or visual cues, to supplement the auditory alert. By addressing the
audibility challenges at longer distances, the smart pill organizer can further improve
its functionality and user experience.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxiv

4. Future work could expand and focus on designing a pill organizer that is small and
lightweight, making it easy to carry in a pocket or bag.
5. Securing patient information is a crucial aspect that was not addressed during the
application's development. Future works may implement robust safety features to
prevent unauthorized access to medication, especially if the device is lost or stolen.
Explore options like biometric authentication or secure digital locks to ensure the
privacy and security of the user’s medication.
6. Those who are interested in or preparing to launch a business that focuses on
healthcare devices may want to take into consideration the kind of pill organizer that
the researchers are currently designing, as well as the factors that could influence
how potential customers will perceive the product. Future researchers conducting a
comparable study may employ structured interviews with patients having chronic
diseases or disabilities requiring long-term medical care. These patients would be
asked to utilize the developed product, allowing researchers to collect firsthand data
directly from the target market.
7. Future researchers conducting a comparable study may employ structured interviews
with patients having chronic diseases or disabilities requiring long-term medical
care. These patients would be asked to utilize the developed product, allowing
researchers to collect firsthand data directly from the target market.
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APPENDICES
A. Expert/Heuristic Evaluation Questionnaire
Name of the Expert: Date of Evaluation:

Profession or Field of Study: Affiliation:
As student researchers from STI College Ortigas-Cainta, we kindly request your participation in
completing an Expert Evaluation Questionnaire. The purpose of this questionnaire is to gather
valuable insights from your expert perspective, which will be utilized to ensure that the user
interface of our studied and developed product meets the standards of a functional prototype,
as appropriate. We appreciate your willingness to contribute your professional expertise in this
matter.
Directions: Please indicate your evaluation or assessment of the smart pill organizer prototype
by checking the appropriate box below. Your professional feedback is highly appreciated.
Where: 1 = Excellent, 2 = Good, 3 = Satisfactory, 4 = Poor
CATEGORY 1 2 3 4
Materials: How would you assess the

prototype’s components and materials?
Safety: What is your view on the

prototype’s safety?
Device Compatibility: After

connecting your smartphone to the
prototype of the smart pill organizer,
how would you assess its compatibility
with your device?
Storage Capacity: How would you rate

the size and compartments of the
prototype?
Product’s Performance: Upon

analyzing the prototype, how would
you evaluate its performance?
Overall Quality: How would you rate

the overall quality of the smart pill
organizer’s prototype?
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxi

CATEGORY COMMENTS
Materials of the Product
Safety of the Product
Device Compatibility
Storage Capacity of the Product
Product’s Performance
Overall Quality of the Product
Further recommendations for the enhancement of the product may be written here:
_________________________
Signature Over Printed Name
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxii

B. Product Survey Questionnaire
SMART PILL ORGANIZER: A SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED ADHERENCE DEVICE

FOR PEOPLE WITH MEDICATION MAINTENANCE
We, the first group of Physics from STEM403, have designed and developed a working
prototype of a smart pill organizer that aims to potentially help elderly patients and other
individuals that necessitate long-term medical maintenance to adhere to their prescribed
medications at the required time of intake. This survey is part of our study, and we are ensuring
you that no part of the information will be used for any other purposes except academic work.
Section A: Personal Information

Complete Name (Optional):
Age:
Grade level & Section:
Section B: Respondents’ Insights on “Smart Pill Organizer: A Significantly Improved

Adherence Device for People with Medication Maintenance”
What is Smart Pill Organizer (Prototype)?

Smart Pill Organizer is a device made of medicine-friendly recycled plastic components
that are certified clean and may be used for medical applications. It complies with the highest
quality standards to ensure that our product is safe, clean, and easy to use. The prototype that we
have developed aims to potentially help elderly patients and specific customers take their
prescribed medications at the appropriate time. Compliance, portability, monitoring, and
notification are all functional problems that might be addressed by the device. It is intended to
have one chamber for each dosing time. Each chamber is made of translucent plastic, allowing the
user to see the medication contained therein, and the LED light situated behind each chamber
serves as a notification signal for the user. The LED light will flash when it is time for the user to
take medication from a certain pill chamber. It is powered by a replaceable battery, and the product
is equipped with cutting-edge advancements. On top of that, the product’s prototype has
accompanied and connected to an application called Blynk through the help of Wireless Fidelity
(Wi-Fi) for the user or caregiver to monitor the medication regimens of the patient, and as well as
to check if there is a need to refill the pills inside the smart pill organizer.
1. Do you believe that this type of healthcare product is not yet widely available and widely
used in the Philippines?
☐ Strongly Agree
☐ Agree
☐ Disagree
☐ Strongly Disagree
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxiii

1. Do you think the product is suitable and easy to use for individuals who take multiple
medications?
☐ Strongly Agree
☐ Agree
☐ Disagree
2. The product’s additional features are beneficial and valuable for use.
☐ Strongly Agree
☐ Agree
☐ Disagree
3. The functions and interface of the smart pill organizer’s prototype are easy to understand.
☐ Strongly Agree
☐ Agree
☐ Disagree
4. Do you agree that the product will most likely be commercialized in the local market?
☐ Strongly Agree
☐ Agree
☐ Disagree
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxiv

CURRICULUM VITAE
Besa, Jerico M.
Blk 11 Lot 33 Phase 2B upper Mabuhay homes 2000
Pantok,Binangonan, Rizal
09270823753
Besajeco@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School: STI College
Ortigas-CaintaAddress: Ortigas Ave Ext,
Cainta, 1900 Rizal
Junior High School: Claremont School of Binangonan

Address: First Inter Employees Village, Palangoy 1940 Binangonan, Philippines
Year Graduated: 2021
Elementary School: Claremont School of Binangonan

Address: First Inter Employees Village, Palangoy 1940 Binangonan, Philippines
Pre-School: Genesis De Rizal School

Address: Mabuhay Homes, Darangan, Binangonan, Rizal
KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS, & ATTITUDE

• Basic knowledge
• Good at strategizing
• Optimistic
PERSONAL QUALITIES
• Honest and Diligent
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Nickname: Eco or Besa Age: 17
Date of Birth: November 30, 2004 Civil Status: Single
Place of Birth: Cardona, Rizal City Religion: Roman Catholic
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxv

CURRICULUM VITAE
Calinawan, Lael Margo B.

34 Peppermint Row, Dreamhomes Subdivision,
Dela Paz,Pasig City
09686886963
laelmargo.calinawan@gmail.com
Senior High School: STI College Ortigas-Cainta
Address: Ortigas Ave Ext, Cainta, 1900 Rizal
Junior High School: Starland International School

Address: 148 Kamias Rd, Quezon City, 1102 Metro
ManilaYear Graduated: 2021
Elementary School: Kostka School

Address: 289 Katipunan Ave, Quezon City, 1108 Metro Manila
Pre-School: Multiple Intelligence International SchoolAddress:

4 J Escaler, Quezon City, 1108 Metro Manila

• Determined and Persistent
• Grace Under Pressure
PERSONAL QUALITIES
• Ambitious
• Cooperative
• Flexible
Nickname: Margo Age: 17
Date of Birth: September 15, 2005 Civil Status: Single
Place of Birth: San Juan City Religion: Roman Catholic
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxvi
CURRICULUM VITAE
Dela Calsada, Jovelyn C.

Unit 615 Oxford Mansion Cityland, #20 Evangelista St.,
Brgy. Santolan, Pasig City
09190939520
jovelynd2505@gmail.com
Junior High School: Quezon National High School

Address: Purok Ilang-ilang, Brgy. Quezon, San Carlos City, Negros
Occidental
Elementary School: Balabag Elementary School

Address: Sitio Balabag, Brgy. Quezon, San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
Pre-School: Balabag Elementary School

Address: Sitio Balabag, Brgy. Quezon, San Carlos City, Negros Occidental

• Detail-oriented • Open-mindedness • Multilingual
• Meta-cognition Skills • Dependability
PERSONAL QUALITIES
• Practical • Lenient
• Accountable • Patriot
Nicknames: Jove, Jovy, or Nyle Age: 17
Date of Birth: June 25, 2005 Civil Status: Single
Place of Birth: San Carlos City, Negros Occidental Religion: PGDA
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxvii
CURRICULUM VITAE
Garcia, Nathaniel Exequiel M.

05 Pitimini St., Brgy. Sta. Ana Taytay,
Rizal City09208975193
nathanielexequiel7431@gmail.com
Junior High School: Siena College of Taytay, Rizal

Address: 83 E Rodriguez Ave, Taytay, 1920 Rizal
Elementary School: Siena College of Taytay,

RizalAddress: 83 E Rodriguez Ave, Taytay, 1920
Rizal Year Graduated: 2015
Pre-School: Taytay United Methodist Christian School Inc.

Address: H49F+XXF, Hwy 2000 Phase-2, Taytay, 1920 Rizal

• Adequate General Knowledge • Adaptability
• Critical Thinker
• Software Skills (AutoCAD, SketchUp: 3D)
PERSONAL QUALITIES
• Workaholic • Capable
• Realist • Dependable
• Serious
Nickname: Nat Age: 19
Date of Birth: December 31, 2002 Civil Status: Single
Place of Birth: Angono, Rizal Religion: Roman Catholic
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxviii
CURRICULUM VITAE
Matuan, Mohammad Yahya M.

Blk 5 Lot 21 Goldland Village East, Cainta,
Rizal City09700741724
Matuanyahya03@gmail.com
Senior High School: STI College Ortigas-
CaintaAddress: Ortigas Ave Ext, Cainta, 1900
Rizal
Junior High School: Dee Hwa Liong Academy

Address: 13 Marikina-Infanta Hwy, Pasig, 1610 Metro
ManilaYear Graduated: 2020
Elementary School: Karangalan Elementary School

Address: J454+RFG, Karangalan Dr, Cainta, 1900 Rizal
Pre-School: La Petite Learning Center

Address: 27 Ferrari St., San Isidro, 1900 Cainta, Rizal

• Computer Literacy
• Communication Skills
• Time Management
PERSONAL QUALITIES
• Flexible • Athletic
• Confident • Honest
Nickname: Ya Age: 19
Place of Birth: Quezon City Religion: Islam
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxix
CURRICULUM VITAE
Padilla, Mark Jester S.

No. 48 Ciudad Grande II, Monaco St., Ciudad
Grande II,Pasig, 1609 Metro Manila
09913676248
markjesterS.padilla@gmail.com
Junior High School: Wesleyan Academy

Address: St. Joseph Sub., 109 St. Joseph Dr, Cainta, 1609 Metro Manila
Elementary School: Mangaldan Achievers Academy

Address: Rizal Ave., Poblacion, Mangaldan, Pangasinan
CityYear Graduated: 2016
Pre-School: Mangaldan Achievers Academy

Address: Rizal Ave., Poblacion, Mangaldan, Pangasinan City

• Recollective Memory Skills
• Intermediate Computer Skills
• Mediator
PERSONAL QUALITIES
• Non-violent
• Modesty
Nickname: MJ Age: 17
Date of Birth: November 28, 2004 Civil Status: Single
Place of Birth: Tebag Mangaldan, Pangasinan City Religion: Roman Catholic
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxx
CURRICULUM VITAE
Perez, Prince Cedric M.

Blk 3 Lot 26 Utah St., Duraville Homes Phase-
2, Brgy.Mahabang, Parang Angono, Rizal
09496562303
princeperez72@gmail.com
Junior High School: Rockfort Christian Academy

Address: Rd 1, Inday Subd., E. Rodriguez Ave., Antipolo, 1870 Rizal
Elementary School/s: St. John’s Wort Montessori School & Rockfort Christian
Academy Inc.
Address/es: #30 M.L Quezon Ext. Nayong Silangan Brgy., Antipolo,
1870 Rizal& Rd 1, Inday Subd., E. Rodriguez Ave., Antipolo, 1870
Rizal
Pre-School: St. John’s Wort Montessori School

Address: #30 M.L Quezon Ext. Nayong Silangan Brgy., Antipolo, 1870 Rizal

• Tech-savvy • Cooperative
• Well-organized • Reliable
PERSONAL QUALITIES
• Resilient
• Kind
• Compassionate
• Brave
Nickname: Prince Age: 18
Date of Birth: July 16, 2004 Civil Status: Single
Place of Birth: Antipolo City Religion: Born Again
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxxi
CURRICULUM VITAE
Ramos, Beyonce C.
Lot 11 Blk 02 Kanlaon St., DM 11 Subd., Brgy. San
Andres,Cainta, Rizal City
09494779039
ramosbeyongkesh05@gmail.com
Senior High School: STI College Ortigas-
CaintaAddress: Ortigas Ave Ext, Cainta, 1900
Rizal
Junior High School: Taytay United Methodist Christian School

Inc.Address: H49F+XXF, Hwy 2000 Phase-2, Taytay, 1920 Rizal
Elementary School: Process-Oriented Learning Center

Address: H4F7-QH5, A. Rodriguez Ave., Cainta, Summer Green Subd., 1900 Rizal
Pre-School: Life Touchers Community School

Address: 157 Marick Dr, Santo Domingo, Cainta, 1900 Rizal

• Time Management • Inquisitive
• Cooperative
PERSONAL QUALITIES
• Patient
• Diligent
Nickname: Beyonce, Beyongkesh, or Byn Age: 18
Place of Birth: Pasig City Religion: Iglesia ni Cristo
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL lxxxii

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STI COLLEGE ORTIGAS-CAINTA

THE ACCEPTABILITY AND EFFICACY OF SMART PILL ORGANIZER IN

MITIGATING MEDICATION NON-COMPLIANCE AMONG ELDERLY

INDIVIDUALS: A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF CONNECTIVITY

TECHNOLOGY, BATTERY CAPACITY, AND ALARM SYSTEMS

A Research Presented to the Senior High School Faculty of STI College

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Academic Strand

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

Dela Calsada, Jovelyn C.

Grade 12 Section STEM403

This study entitled THE ACCEPTABILITY AND EFFICACY OF SMART PILL

ORGANIZER IN MITIGATING MEDICATION NON-COMPLIANCE AMONG

ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS: A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF CONNECTIVITY

TECHNOLOGY, BATTERY CAPACITY, AND ALARM SYSTEMS prepared and

submitted by Jovelyn C. Dela Calsada, Lael Margo B. Calinawan, Nathaniel Exequiel M.

partial fulfillment of the requirements for the strand SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,

TRIZIA MARIE E. CHAN

MS. ROXANNE RAMINA T. CASTILLO

MR. JHONEL C. DOMINGO

Title Page .................................................................................................................................. i

Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................. iii

Table of Contents .....................................................................................................................v

List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... vi

List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... vii

1.1 Background of the Study ......................................................................................................... 9

1.2 Theoretical framework .......................................................................................................... 13

1.3 Conceptual Framework ......................................................................................................... 14

1.4 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 15

1.5 Research Hypotheses............................................................................................................. 16

1.6 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 18

1.7 Scope and Delimitations........................................................................................................ 19

1.8 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................................... 19

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL iii

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

2.1 The Prevalence of Geriatric Population and Their Health Status.......................................... 21

2.3 MCAs as a Potential Approach to Medication Non-Adherence ........................................... 25

2.4 A Comparison of Pillboxes for In-Home Use ....................................................................... 27

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

3.1 Developing a Prototype for the Smart Pill Organizer ........................................................... 30

3.1.1 Product Coding and Materials .................................................................................... 30

3.1.2 Procedure .................................................................................................................... 35

3.1.3 Product Layout ........................................................................................................... 36

3.2 Testing Description ............................................................................................................... 37

3.3 Research Design ................................................................................................................... 37

3.4 Research Locale .................................................................................................................... 38

3.5 Sample and Sampling Technique .......................................................................................... 39

3.6 Research Instrument .............................................................................................................. 40

3.7 Validation of Instrument ....................................................................................................... 40

3.8 Data Gathering Procedure ..................................................................................................... 41

3.9 Statistical Treatment of Data ................................................................................................. 42

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL iv

CHAPTER IV: RESULTS

4.1 Maximum Connectivity Range of the Smart Pill Organizer .................................................... 43

4.2 Longevity of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Battery Life ............................................................. 43

4.3 Audible Range of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Alarm ............................................................... 43

4.4 Audible Range of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Alarm ............................................................... 43

5.1 Maximum Connectivity Range of the Smart Pill Organizer .................................................... 45

5.2 Longevity of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Battery Life ............................................................. 46

5.3 Audible Range of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Alarm ............................................................... 47

5.4 Audible Range of the Smart Pill Organizer’s Alarm ................................................................ 47

CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSIONS

6.1 Summary of Objectives and Approach .................................................................................... 48

6.2 Findings ................................................................................................................................... 50

6.3 Implications ............................................................................................................................. 52