TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE
1. Introduction
1.1 statement of research problems
1.2 aims and Objectives
1.3 scope and limitation
1.4 justification of study
1.5 personnel involved and their matric number
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 introduction
2.1 review of relevant literature
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 methodology
3.2 field observation
3.3 geographic information system application
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 data analysis and presentation
4.1 spatial location of filling stations in kwara
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 summary, conclusion and recommendations
5.1 summary
5.2 conclusion
5.3 recommendation
REFERENCES

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 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

A Petrol Station, Filling Station, Gas Station, Fueling Station, Station is a

facility which sells fuel and lubricants for motor vehicles, the most common fuel
sold is petrol and kerosene. According to Keble (1968), Petrol stations should be
located not only where they are in fact accessible but where they can be easily
located by strangers and that, in details, they should be placed where they will little
danger and congestion as, much possible. According to the central place theory
( Christallers, 1966),Service point could be distributed rationally according to the
size, spacing or distance and population to be served. This means that, demand for
products sold at filling stations would be satisfied by a system of service points at
the central places. Consequently, the tangible expression in the landscape of any
urban activities should be distributed on of service points at which a variety of
demands are satisfied. Losch (1954) has argued, however, that it is possible to have
unequal distribution of service Centre’s (i.e. central places) around the metropolis
producing city rich and city poor sector. An urban planner faces challenges of
location of facilities and services that as a result exposed our urban populace to
some dangers. Kwara is one the town that experiences these problems that arises as
a result of un-coordinated development. The higher concentration of petrol filling
stations in Kwara town most especially in the city Centre has resulted in problem
in like traffic congestion, pollution, fire and explosion. Areas worst hit are Maraba
to Poly gate way where there are higher concentration of traffic generating land
uses which includes filling stations that are located very close to each other, within
adequate set-back of space while others were sited on round abuts. Therefore, the
need for a study on the spatial analysis of the distribution and location of filling
stations in Between Moro local goverment and Ilorin east local governments area
Local Government using GIS techniques becomes imperative, even though
different approaches had been carried out in other to have a convenient and
aesthetic environment for working and living.

2
1.1 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS

More than half of fast growing world population is living in urban

areas, and this is only expected to grow in more coming decades (USAID,
2001). Most of the urban centers in the world are exposed to some hazards,
such as traffic congestion, pollution and many more problems resulting from
un-coordinated development. Apart from these hazards, cities are also
confronted with other problems like accidents, explosion and fire. Urban
centers have a varying degree of vulnerability, depending on the level of
development, copping capacity and the level to which effective development
control strategies have been implemented. In most urban areas, the high
demand placed on land resulted to illegal conversion, leading to haphazard
development and the deliberate location of petrol stations in unsuitable areas
and highly vulnerable to hazard (KASUPDA, 2009).Kwara develop without
a proper development planning and suffers problems like traffic congestion,
air pollution, explosion and fire, encroachment on right of way of the road
network, as a result of non-adherence to planning Laws. In a highly
urbanized environment like Kwara, filling station is a significant contributor
to traffic problems like traffic problems like traffic congestion, pollution,
fire and explosion. The extent of these problems depends on the criteria or
variable such as location, size and set back from road etc. Areas close to
filling stations witness a lot of noise, congestion and other traffic related
problems, especially when there is fuel scarcity which resulted in long
queuing or where the fillings do not conform with planning standards.
Indiscriminate parking leads to reduction in width of carriageway meant for
the efficient movement of automobiles and pedestrians. Thus it becomes a
major problem in our cities and especially in the Central Business District,
where multi-story buildings are common and the land use is devoted mostly
to commercial purpose. The resultant effect of such illegal parking and
queuing therefore is traffic congestion, loss of productive hours and delay
journey Most of these problems identified problems of filling stations still
persist in Kwara due to lack of adherence to planning regulations. This
work, therefore addresses the problem confronting urban environment in its
3
 bids to ensure sustainable location of filling stations. This study explored
GIS capability to analysis the spatial location of filling stations in Between
Moro local government and Ilorin east local governments area Local
Government Area Kwara State and proffer ways of ensuring strict
compliance to planning laws and regulations with regards to petroleum
filling stations location. To achieve a desired goal, this work identifies area
of high concentration of filling stations in Between Moro local government
and Ilorin east local governments area Local Government Area. Even though
some studies had been carried out ,in relation to this, prominent among them
are : Assessing the environmental sensitivity of petrol station in Europe,
(Davies 2008),optimal location of petrol pumps (Ayuba, 1998),Side
potentiality of petrol station based on traffic counts,(Abdulwahhab
2006),Locational pattern of petrol stations in Kwara
(Ikuadabo1998),Location and distribution of petrol stations in
Kwara(Adamu, 2000) and Application of GIS in locating facilities and
services (A case study of petrol stations in NCBD Kenya),(Nyanya
2010).The studies mentioned above are robust; however there are avenues
for further research. Not much had been done for developing nations and
moreover the parameters used such as site, geographical location, optimal
location e.t.c. used in studying petrol stations are still inadequate. In any
case filling stations cannot be entirely study using only these criteria’s. they
empherical literature had proved that the later class of variables has
explanatory powers but the analysis was not taken forward in terms of the
inclusion of the use of GIS for studying the spatial location and distribution
of petrol stations.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

AIM

The aim of study is to analyze the spatial distribution of petrol filling station from
maraba to poly gate Between Moro local government and Ilorin east Local
Government Area Kwara state.

To achieve the aim, the following objectives will be studied:

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 (1) To identify and locate petrol filling station is Between Moro local
government and Ilorin east local governments area LGA.

(2) To determine the conformity of distribution of petrol filling station with the
physical planning standards.

(3) To examine the implication of the spatial distribution of petrol filling station
is Between Moro local government and Ilorin East Local Government Area.

1.3 SCOPE AND LIMINTATION

The scope of this is to analyze the spatial distribution of filling stations in Between
Moro local government and Ilorin east Local Government Area, Kwara state.
Difficulties in obtaining information from agencies and parasails as well as
finances and time were the major limitation encountered by the researcher.

1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY

Spatial analysis of the location and distribution of petrol stations will

prevent and prevail a qualitative urban environment for living, working and
recreation. The problem of indiscriminate location of petrol stations is taking place
at alarming rate in almost all Nigerian cities and Kwara metropolis inclusive.
Therefore, the study is relevant to Between Moro local government and Ilorin east
local governments area Local Government as a frame work for the state
government, and stakeholders. It will serve as a guide for individuals, developers
and other stakeholders. Finally, to the Researchers it will also serve a base for
further research work and reference material for researchers who intend to carry
out similar research in the future

5
1.6 PERSONAL INVOLVED AND THEIR MATRIC NO:

S/ NAME MATRIC NO: ROLE PLAYED

N

1 SURAJUDEEN RIDWAN ABIOLA HND/17/SGI/FT/003 WRITER

2 AMUSA JAMIU ADEWUNMI HND/17/SGI/FT/004

3 OYINLOYE JOSHUA O. HND/17/SGI/FT/005

4 IBRAHEEM AZEEZAT O. HND/17/SGI/FT/006

5 LAWAL RISQOT F. HND/17/SGI/FT/002

6 LAWAL OLAMILEKAN R. HND/17/SGI/FT/001

7 YAHAYA ROFIAT R. HND/17/SGI/FT/009

8 BABALOLA TEMITOPE F. HND/17/SGI/FT/016

6
9 ADEWUNMI AYOBAMI ISAAC HND/17/SGI/FT/012

10 AKINWALE OLAIDE OLALEKAN HND/17/SGI/FT/011

11 UCHER JOHN HND/17/SGI/FT/007

12 MUHAMMED USMAN ADEOLA HND/17/SGI/FT/008

CHAPTER TWO

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter tends to review some related literature and also link with the present
situation.

2.1 REVIEW OF RELEVANT LETERATURE

There has been a growing literature both empherical as well as theoretical to

analyses the location of petrol and establish the factors of location of filling
stations on our towns and cities. Important studies include: Assessing the
environmental sensitivity of petrol stations in Europe, Davies, 2008. Davies access
location in Europe with emphasis on environmental sensitivity. In his work he
focuses on the scale of potential risk of these stations on the environment and
7
human resources Optimal location of petrol pumps (integrating GIS with
mathematical model) (Ayub, 1998). This study was conducted for Saudi Arabia by
which focuses on the optimal location of petrol pumps by integrating GIS and
mathematical models. Site potentiality base on traffic counts (Abdulwahab,2006).
He analyses site potentiality of petrol stations based on traffic volume and other
factors that affects location of filling stations as well as effect of location of filling
stations as well as effects of petro fillings on the environment and human beings.

Geographical location of petrol stations in Nigeria, (Lawal,2006). He studied

the Geographical location of service station in relation to other services as well as
their spatial locations, factors to be considered before sitting a petrol station as well
as effect of such stations to environment. Locational pattern of petrol stations in
Kwara

Location and Distribution of petrol stations in Kwara Attempted to identify the

cause and dimension of problems that arise as a result of locating a filling station in
Kwara and also its effects on settlements around.

APPLICATION OF GIS IN LOCATING FACILITIES

This study employs the use of GIS technology in locating of facilities and
services with special emphases on filling stations. He uses GIS technology to study
all filling stations in their spatial context. Studies mentioned above are robust;
however, there are avenues for further research. Not much work had been carried
out for developing countries. More over approaches employed by previous
researcher in studying his is no enough. In any case, the spatial analysis of the
location and distribution of petrol stations using GIS will go further to in studying
these filling stations in their spatial context with a view to addressing the problems
that may arises as a result.

CONCEPTS

2.1.1 FILLING STATION

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A petrol station is a retail establishment where motor vehicle is refueled,
lubricated, serviced, and sometimes repaired (Friedman, 1978). Most petrol
stations sell petrol or diesel, some carry specialty fuels such as liquefied petroleum
gas(LPG), natural gas, hydrogen, biodiesel, kerosene, or butane while the rest add
shops to their primary business, And convenience stores (The American Heritage
Dictionary,2004). Meanwhile. Petrol retailer or entrepreneur is any person who
carries on a business which sells petrol retailer or entrepreneur is any person who
carried on motor vehicles (Sedgwick, 1969).

2.1.2 OTHER GUIDE LINES FOR LOCATION FOR PETROLFILLING

STATION

(1.) A petrol station shall not be located less than 330 feet (100.6meters) from a
road intersection, traffic network, level crossing and other vehicular points to avoid
traffic congestion.

(2). Filling stations should not be located less than 100.6 meters from school,
hospital, theaters, clinic and other public and semi-public buildings. This is to
avoid fire disaster in the public places. To filling bay should have enough setbacks
from the Centre of the abutting roads.

(3). The use of filling stations as motor garage, loading and offloading points,
repair workshop or put to other unauthorized used, should be discouraged on
strictly enforced.

(4). Filling stations should not be allowed in residential stress, dead-end streets and
loop streets (crescent), to safe guard fire hydrant, bucket with send, fire
extinguisher, wash hand basin, water closet, grease trap and first aid box.

2.1.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

Geographic Information system (GIS) can be looked upon as a computer

software hardware, data and personnel to help manipulate, analyze, and present
information, that is tied to a spatial or geographic location (shayya, 2004) this is a
very general definition, and to expand it, (GIS is defined as a computer system
which stores for each feature (Bail &Klosterman, 2001). It is a tool that allows for
9
the processing of spatial data into information and sis used to make decisions about
some portion of the earth (Demers, 2000 shayya, 2004).

2.1.4 GUIDELINES FOR LOCATION OF PETROL FILLING STATIONS

1 Site layout The major consideration governing site layout relate to matters of
traffic flow and safety. The final solution is nearly uneasily compromise between
commercial viability and satisfactory planning.

2 Location Economically, an ideal location is at the point of intersection of major

traffic routes. The prime position however, must be at a spot where the flow is
comparatively slow in order to attract the attention of the customers a motorist
from planning point of view, a petrol station should not be cited opposite a break in
a Centre which is likely to encourage the traffic to cross the road or should it be
close to a junction on roundabout, it could be advantageous to place it where traffic
flows, provided it does not interface with turning and leaving traffic.

3. Entrance and exit The entrance and exit should both give clear line of vision, a
one-way system of service is preferable, a clear line is of great advantage and
plenty of space should be allowed for queuing during peak periods.

4 Auxiliary Apart from traffic consideration; area care might activities have to be
exercised over auxiliary activities such as car repair and sales of goods. These can
often cause additional congestion in the particular area.5Design and appearance
The design and appearance of a filing station is important, not only in it structure
and layout but also in display of advertisements which with this type of
development can reach Absurd and usually disastrous proportion with the above
statements, planners should study critically the location petrol stations before given
their consent so as to be sure that the petrol station is of good location in relation to
abutting road, and the economical point of view should be considered as
well .Source: Adamu S. (1994)

2.1.5 HIGHWAY DESIGN MANUAL FOR FILLING STATIONS

Vehicles leaving or entering petrol filling station, not only reduce the effective
capacity of the roadway, they also are likely to cause accidents. The minimum
distance between two (2) installations should be 90 meters it is desirable to space
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filling stations at 400 meters apart. The table below gives the minimum
requirements concerning the design of cellars roadway and the location of
installation.

2.1.6 PETROL FILLING STATION MINIMUN DISTANCE.

(A). Distance from intersection 500m

(B). Distance apart 400m

(C). Drive way width entry exit 9m

(D). Frontage width 50m

(F). Drive way width (entry or exit only) 3m

(G). Radius of kerb 12m

(H). Setback of pump from pavement edge5m

2.1.7 PROCEDURE AND CONDITIONS FOR OPERATIONOF PETROL

FILLING STATION

(A) Application for approval to construct a filling station for retailing

petroleum products to the public shall be submitted to the head of petroleum
inspectorate, giving details of the proposals and any information that may be
relevant for the project. In addition, the following document must a company
the application

(B) Three copies of a plan showing the building existing proposed on the
site and the relation of the site, the roadway and adjoining land use

(C) A certificate signed by the chief federal/state fire officer or by an

officer authorized by him in his behalf, that he is satisfied that the
arrangement proposed for the prevention of fire are satisfactory.

(D) A letter an approved form the town planning authority of the area for
the construction of a petrol station on the proposed site

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 (E) A certificate signed by a state police commissioner or a supervisor police in
charge of police motor traffic division that he is satisfied that the site and
layout of the proposed filling station do not constitute an unnecessary traffic
hazard

(F)Evidence that the company applying is duly registered by the federal

ministry of commerce to deal in petroleum products

(G) Tax receipt or clearance certificate for the proceeding those years.
After the above listed document has been submitted inspection of the site
will then be arranged

(H) Approval will be granted by the inspectorate. If the proposed site

fulfils the necessary conditions stipulated in the regulations.

2.1.8 STANDARD FOR SITTING PETROL FILLING STATIONS.

SITTING OF PETROL STATION

A. Residential areas

B. Commercial/industrial areas–A petrol filling station should be sited for

every 5000 people. –A petrol filling station should be sited200 meters away
from the next petrol station.

DISTANCE BETWEEN FILLING STATIONS

A Distance of filling station from another should be within the range of 400 and
above meters within the buildup areas.

–NB: These distance is applicable to single a carriage way. –A petrol station can be
on either sides of carriage way. Distance from Centre of the Road.

12
–The minimum distance from center of the road to the dispensing pump on single
carriage way should be 20meters.

–The minimum distance from center of the dispensing pump on dual carriageway
should be 50 meters.

–Petrol should not be sited on areas prone to erosion or flooding.

–A petrol station should not be sited near endangered plant and animal species.

–A petrol station should be sited 50meters away in all angles of the build-up areas
to create a buffer zone the residential houses.

–The buffer zone can be devoted to for any non-residential use for Set-back
requirement

–The minimum of the plot within the buildup area should be (1000m) Plot size
beyond peripheral be 60m x 80 (4800m, 0.4hectares 1.186 acres)–NB: sitting a
petrol station within the built up area should be discouraged as much as
possible.5Land requirements

–A petrol station provides at least two (fighting measures to be installed which

should be in accordance with national firefighting code of Nigeria when submitting
plans for the grant of planning permission.

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 CHAPTER THREE

3.1 METHODOLOGY

This chapter looks into different methods used for data collection. These
techniques apply for sourcing out data includes field observation, interview, and
relevant literatures. Data in any research whether scientific or social science
largely divided into two types that is primary and secondary methods of data
collection.

PRIMARY DATA

1. This is the first primary data; obtained through physical observations and
interviews. This was in order to identify and study the high concentration of filling
station in Kwara town most especially in the city Centre.

14
2. The second primary data was obtained by using GPS receiver to record the
locations of filling station within the study area. Also surveyed, where the location
of important features that are not on existing map.

SECONDARY DATA

These are extracts and documented literature gotten from journals, thesis, agencies,
and information downloaded from the internet. The map of Between Moro local
government and Ilorin east local governments area was obtained from the Kwara
state ministry of lands. The map was digitized into GIS environment. ArcMap was
used for proper distribution of filling station on the map.

3.2 FIELD OBSERVATION

This is a very important technique that is used in data collection, it involves

going to the field to observe, feel and move the object. This method affords the
researcher to see things on their natural stage and also help to consolidate what was
theoretically thought in class to the life situation. This method allows firsthand
information of the subject matter. In the course of this study, visits were made to
the filling station and question was answer from the owners and managers of the
filling stations.

DATA ACQUISITIONS

The coordinates of point of interest were acquired using handheld GPS, filling
station and Road was also picked. The data were saved into the internal memory of
the GPS and later Transferred to System for Further Processing.

3.3 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATION

Odedare [1991], Define GIS as a system for integration of spatially

referenced data for decision making in a problem solving environment. In other
words, GIS is a decision making tool that deals with decision that have to do with
utilization of space, how we organized things in space, the emphases are on spatial

15
data. Its strength is in the ability to bring in data from different sources, integrate
them in different ways in order to solve particular spatial problem. This definition
seems to be very elaborate by incorporating all the attribute of GIS, and It was
agreed by Jones [1997] who, defined GIS as computer system capable of
acquiring, storing, analyzing, retrieving, processing and displaying geographic
data. This definition successful spells out the functionalities of GIS. Sowton [1990]
also defined GIS as system that allows the capture and display of a number of
previously unconnected datasets, bringing them into a common reference system
for spatial analysis from which relationship can be identified and decision made.
GIS technology has developed rapidly over the past 3 decades: it is now accepted
as an essential tool for the effective use of geographic information. It has provided
an exciting potential for geographic information to be used more systematically
and by greater diversity of discipline than ever before, Aronoff, 1993]. This tool
has become popular in establishing the real world model in a defined space and
time reference system. It integrates all natural, social and economic phenomenon
with their attributes of space and time, [Jones 1997]. GIS application involves the
use of geographic information system in satisfying a given need. However,
application depends on how GIS is being used. In some cases, it is used as an
organizing framework for systematic collection, storage and analysis of data.
While in other, it is used as a means of taking appropriate decision in which case, it
becomes part of decision support system [DSS]. When these two are combined,
GIS would be seen to possess a wide range of applications [Adeniran, 1999].
Spatial problems require decisions to be made over space. One of such decisions is
on the spatial distribution of filling station.

The major concern of physical planning is the proper designation of suitable

areas for appropriate land uses. The selection of these sites must be based on a set
of criteria to ensure that the minimum cost benefit ratio for a commodity is
attained. The various characteristics of a site influence its suitability for a specific
land use, identification of sites that meet particular criteria is one of the main
spatial analytical applications of GIS. More so, it is one of the early motivating
factors in developing GIS technology with the need to perform suitability analysis
in which the objective is to find sites or regions that satisfy particular criteria of
land usage and terrain characteristics, [Jones 1997]. The ability to overlay several

16
thematic layers of map using GIS is to identify regions that combine selected
attributes from each of the layer is one of the analytical facilities provided by GIS
packages. A suitability map is created by combining maps with rated suitability
factors whose importance is dependent on the intended land use. Based on this
importance, the suitability factor is given additional weight to influence the final
output. This analysis uses either Boolean factor or weighted linear combination for
its [Odedare, 1999].

Jones [1997], distinguished the two types of analyses by describing Boolean

operations as appropriate, if each factor or constraint under consideration is of
equal importance. In practice, certain factors may be much more important than
others, and it may be desirable to differentiate between candidate sites according to
how well they meet the various criteria. The relative levels of importance of the
different types of data can be taken into account by attaching numeric weights to
each of the layers in an overlay operation. Regions that meet all the search criteria
are then associated with weighted summations of factors in each layer. The use of
weighted constraints only goes part of the way to taking into account the relative
importance of the different factors.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0. DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

4.1.S PATIAL LOCATION OF FILLING STATIONS IN KWARA

From the data survey carried out has 28 Filling Stations maraba to poly gate
petrol stations most of which located along the major road that passes though the
Centre of the town. The table below shows the distribution of filling stations in
Kwara. From the inventory carried out, it was revealed that the total of 28 filling
stations are in the study area and all of them are operating out these filling station,
23 out of the 28 filling stations (69.5%) are not in conformity with the conformity

17
with the standard. They were access based on space occupied, distance apart,
setback and their location in relation to roundabout.

DATA PROCESSING

The following software was used to process the Data Generated from the field.

1 Google Earth

2 ArcGIS

The following step were followed during Data Processing

1 Google Earth was launched, and the Road we are to work on was located on it,

2 After the Image has appeared clearly, we later crop the image based on features
location.

3 ArcGIS was launched and all the image cropped out on Google Earth were later
added into ArcGIS

4 After The image has been added, the Features were later traced out e.g. Fillings
Station and Road.

5 Attribute Table was also created to input the information of the Filling station
into it, E.g. Name of filling station, Year of Establishment, Distance to the Road
and Distance to Each other.

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19
 SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF PETROL FILLINGSTATION IN KWARA.

SPATIAL QUERY

Performing queries on a GIS database to retrieve data is an essential part of most

GIS projects. Queries offer a method of data retrieval and can be performed on
data that are part of GIS database or new data produced as a result of data analyze.
For this project, each of the created layers of information was retrieved one after
the other, and was queried accordingly to be ready for further analysis.

From the information query the information obtained are as follows

Image 1. shows area of filling station less than 10789.108sqmts

Image 2. shows fillings station, which distance from the road to filling station is
less than 4m
Image 3. shows distance from each fillings station to each other

20
Image 1

21
Image 2

22
Image 3

23
 CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 SUMMARY

From the analysis of the data collected of the characteristics of filling station
within Between Moro local government and Ilorin east local governments area
Local Government Area, the following inferences can be drawn:

➢ Petrol station is located in the CBD constitutes traffic problem as a result of

their indiscriminate nature of location.

➢ Some of the filing stations are located either on a road junction or on a

roundabout.

➢ Most of the petrol station does not have adequate setback.

➢ Some of the filling stations are located in an inadequate space.

➢ There is a high of conversion of other uses for petrol stations.

5.2 CONCLUSION

Recognizing the fact that petrol stations are indispensable in urban areas.
The principles and standard must be adhering to. In order to achieve the previously
stated an aim of the study of developers both in terms of land and location. This is
to encourage a high standard of services to the people. The proposals and
recommendations are made in order to cater for the poor location and distribution
of filling stations in Between Moro local government and Ilorin east Local
Government Area, also in order to achieve, convenience, aesthetic and safety
environment. In conclusion, GIS is a veritable tool for vital decision making in the
management of location related issues, provided it is built on a well-designed
database. The database must also be amenable to updating from time to time.

24
5.3 RECOMMENDATION

From the analysis of the existing situation and inferences drawn of the petrol
stations within the study area have impact on motorist urban dwellers as well as the
entire urban as a whole. Consequently, appropriate recommendations for planning
of petrol stations within the study area were made thus.

1. The earmarking of areas to be devoted for petrol stations to be located within

neighborhoods sector and master plan. This is to check the proliferations and
haphazard location of petrol station are included in various plans.

2. A minimum distance of 100m should be observed from one petrol station to the
other. This will reduce the of traffic congestion and increase convenience.

3. A petrol station must be 1800m2 and above for area coverage, which will give
adequate space for services.

4. Location of petrol stations along those major roads.

5.Relocation of petrol stations on the roundabout

6. Planning authorities should ensure that all filling stations are in conformity with
the standards.

25
 REFERENCES

Chapin, F.S (1972): Urban Land Use Planning. Urban, Chicago, London:
University of Illinois Press. Chorley Committee Report (1987):

Handling Geographic Information Department of Environment, London:

HMSO. Jefferson C. Boyce: Digital Computer Fundamentals, Prentice Hall

International Inc. London. Herger, C.K. (2000):

Planning, Monitoring and Change of Usain Nigeria Cities – A perspective of Lagos

Metropolis’’ Paper presented at the Obasanjo collective National Workshop,
Lagos. George C.K (1996): ‘

Housing Sustainable Development in Lagos Metropolis – A challenge for Town

Planners’’. A paper presented at 27th

Annual Conference of Nigeria Institute of Town Planners, Benin-City, Edo State

26