You have three servers, A, B, and C, each hosting a webpage containing similar-

sized objects. The servers are located in different geographical regions, resulting in
varying network latencies.

i. Server A is located in the same region as your location, resulting in low

network latency. Assume a network latency of 20 milliseconds (ms) for Server
A.
ii. Server B is located in a different region, resulting in moderate network
latency. Assume a network latency of 50 ms for Server B.
iii. Server C is located in a distant region, resulting in high network latency.
Assume a network latency of 100 ms for Server C.

Calculate the average response times (network latency + object transfer time) for
fetching objects from each server using both types of connections based on the
following assumptions:

Objects are fetched sequentially, one after the other.

The size of each object is the same (i.e 1MB).
Suppose the network bandwidth is R in each case.
The network latency for each server remains constant during the experiment.
Provide your answers in terms of R and explain your calculations.

Q6 Solution:

Persistent Connection:

A single connection is established to fetch multiple objects from the server. For
example, 5 objects residing at the server can be fetched in a single connection.

Non-Persistent Connection:

A separate connection for every object at the server is required. For example, if the
server has 5 objects, you need to 5 separate connections to fetch those objects.

Object Transfer Time = Transmission Delay = (File Size / R) , where R is network

bandwidth.
Scenario 1 (Non Perssistent)

Suppose each server (A,B,C) has two objects of size 1MB.

Having two objects at the server is my assumption for simplicity. You can take 3 or
more objects. Its up to you.

Now suppose we want to fetch these two objects from server A, we need to make
two separate connections for each object. So the average response time will be:

Response time = network latency + object transfer time (this is for one object)

Object 1 response time = 20msec + (1MB/R)

Object 2 response time = 20msec + (1MB/R)

Avg response time = object 1 response time + object 2 response time

= 20msec +(1MB/R) + 20msec (1MB/R)

Note : This is for Server A only.

Scenario 2 ( Perssistent)

Suppose each server (A,B,C) has two objects of size 1MB.

Now suppose we want to fetch these two objects from server A, we need to make
two separate connections for each object. So the average response time will be :

Response time = network latency + object transfer time (this is for one object)

Object 1 response time = 20msec + (1MB/R)

Object 2 response time = (1MB/R)

Avg Response Time = object 1 response time + object 2 response time

= 20msec + (1MB/R) + (1MB/R)

Note : You will follow the same method to calculate reponse time for server B & C.

RTT (Round Trip Time) = RTT refers to the time it takes for a signal or packet to
travel from the source to the destination and back again. It includes not only the
propagation delay (the time it takes for the signal to travel from the source to the
destination) but also the processing delay (time taken by intermediate routers or
devices to process the packet) and queuing delay (time spent waiting in routers'
queues).