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高級字彙(B) Unit 16

prescription(n.)處方,藥方;處方上開的藥
a prescription for / against ____ (disease)
医生给他开了个治晕船(sea-sickness)的药方。
The doctor wrote/gave him a prescription for sea-sickness.
這些藥只能憑處方購買。(on prescription)
These medicine only available on prescription.
over-the-counter medicine / drugs (n.) 非處方藥
remedy (n.) 療法,治療;補救(辦法),糾正(辦法)
be the best / an effective remedy for…
remedial (a.) 補救的;糾正的;矯正的 (+ for)
糟糕的英語寫作的最佳補救辦法是廣泛閱讀。
Extensive reading is the best remedy for poor/ terrible English writing.
prescribe (vt.)(醫生)開(藥),為…開(藥),囑咐(療法)/ 事先規定,
事先指定
prescriptivism (n.) 規定主義
descriptivism (n.) 描述主義
longevity(n.)長壽
longevous (a.) = long-lived  short-lived, transient, ephemeral
适当的休息和足够的睡眠有益于长寿。
(to contribute to longevity)
Moderate rest and sufficient sleep can contribute to longevity.
你的長壽歸功於哪些因素?
What factors do you attribute your longevity to?
centenarian (n.) 百歲的人
life span (n.) 壽命 (Biology)
life expectancy (n.) 平均壽命
to live into an advanced age
to live a long life
eugenics(n.)優生學;人種改良學
eu-好
优生学在生物学上有重要意义。
Eugenics is significant in biology
Eugenics is biologically significant.
優生學是他哲學體系(philosophical thinking)中最具爭議性的問題。
Eugenics is most controversial issue in his philosophical thinking.
Eugenics is the most controversial aspect his philosophical thinking.
bioengineering (n.) 生物工程學
cyborg (n.) 半機械人;電子人
clone (n.) 克隆,複製人
genomics (n.) 對基因組的研究
genome (n.) 基因組
eulogy (n.) 悼詞,悼文;(爲剛剛退休的人所作的)頌詞,頌文
euphony (n.) 聲音的和諧;諧音;悅耳語音 pee= bathroom
euphemism (n.) 委婉語,委婉說法
euthanasia (n.) 安樂死=
thanat- = death
thanatology 死亡學
thanatoid 擬死的
-toid 類似
Thanos 薩諾斯
euphoria (n.) 狂喜;亢奮;異常興奮
euphoric (A)= ecstatic 狂喜的 , enrapture 極度開心的 ecstasy 搖頭丸
impulse(n.)衝動,突然的強烈欲望
to do sth. / act on (an) impulse
他凭一时冲动买下了这房子。
He bought the house on an impulse.
He bought the house impulsively
她突然心血来潮想去度假。
She suddenly have sudden impulse to have a vacation.
TR: She had a sudden impulse to go on a holiday.
to have a sudden impulse to-V…

to rein 馬韁繩 in / suppress / contain sb’s impulse = resist N / V-ing 忍不住…


= cannot help but V…
她無法壓制週五晚上出去的衝動。
She cannot suppress the impulse to go out a Friday night.
impulsive (a.) = impetuous (a.) 衝動的,魯莽的, rash (a.)輕率的
to cross the line(行為)越過界限
urge (n.)(尤指難以或無法控制的)慾望,衝動 催促 V urge sb to do sth
drive (n.) 幹勁;魄力;決心;慾望 e.g. driving force
contagion(n.)接觸傳染 / 傳染病 = infection
肺结核(tuberculosis)是呼吸道传染病。
Tuberculosis is a respiratory contagious.
他的笑話是如此的有感染力,讓房間裡的所有人開始笑。
His jokes are so contagious that make everyone start laughing in the room.
Catch the giggles ㄎㄎ笑

To spread/ transmit from one person to another.


contagious (a.) 接觸性傳染的 / (情感)具有感染力的,蔓延的 = infectious (a.)
quarantine (n.) (vt.) 隔離(動物或人)
air-borne (a.) 空氣傳播的
mosquito-borne (a.) 蚊子傳播
saliva-borne (a.) 唾液傳播
to stave off(通常指暫時地)擋住,阻止,避開;延緩
to stave off a cold / a flu
to keep … at bay 阻止,遏制(令人不快的事物)
to keep infection / flu / norovirus at bay
health-related preventive education 健康相關的預防教育
to promote health-related preventive education
arthritis(n.)關節炎
infection (n.)(由細菌或病毒造成的身體部位的)感染
inflammation (n.) 炎(症)
痛风(gout)是关节炎的一种。
Gout in a kind of arthritis.
他的腿關節患有關節炎。
His leg joint has arthritis.
appendicitis (n.) 盲腸炎
dermatitis (n.) 皮膚炎
gastritis (n.) 胃炎

__1_ cholangitis
__2_ colitis
__3_ pneumonitis
__4_ endocarditis
__5_ vasculitis
__6_ phlebitis
___7 gastroenteritis
1. 膽管炎
2. 結腸炎
3. 肺炎
4. 心內膜炎
5. 血管炎
6. 靜脈炎
7. 胃腸炎

Donto- tooth
Ortho- 矯正
Braces 矯正器

incubator(n.)(用於體弱嬰兒或早產嬰兒護理的)恆溫箱,保育箱
孵卵器用来孵小鸡。
Incubator is use to hatch little chicken
大学校园是产生激进的社会学概念的温床。
University campus is an incubator for radical sociological concepts/ ideas.
be an incubator for …

breeding ground (n.) 滋生地


be a breeding ground for…
貧民窟是犯罪的滋生地。
The slums/ ghettos are a breeding ground for crime.
the cradle of ……的搖籃;…的發源地,…的發祥地
asthma /ˈæs.mə/ (n.)氣喘,哮喘
to have / suffer an asthma attack
to alleviate / relieve sb’s asthma
to develop asthma
她的儿子两岁时患了哮喘。
Her son developed asthma when he was two years old
灰尘使我的哮喘加重。
The dust makes my asthma get serious.
Tr: Dust worsened/ exacerbation 使加劇使惡化 my asthma.

Inhale 吸
Exhale 呼
Gasp 氣喘吁吁
To catch sb’s breath.
asthmatic (a.) 氣喘的
trachea (n.) 氣管
bronchus (n.) 支氣管
bronchi (plural)
bronchitis (n.) 支氣管炎
alveolus (n.) 肺泡
alveoli (pl.)
pulmonary (a.) 肺的;肺病的
inhaler (n.) (醫) 吸入器
cholesterol(n.)膽固醇
cholesterol level (n.)
这种烹调油(cooking oil)胆固醇含量低。
The cooking oil contains low cholesterol
血液中胆固醇含量高可导致心脏病。
High cholesterol level in blood can result in heart diseases.
hepatitis (n.) 肝炎
triglyceride (n.) 三酸甘油酯
unsaturated fat (n.) 不飽和脂肪
lipid (n.) 脂,脂質 = fat
blood clot (n.) 血塊
stroke (n.) 中風
cardiovasular (a.) 心血管的
cardiovascular disease / problem
arteriosclerosis /ɑ:ˋtiəriəuskliəˋrəusis/ (n.) 動脈硬化(症)
ossify 硬化
phlebectasia (n.) 靜脈擴張
inertia(n.)缺乏活力,惰性 / 慣性
惰性在我们日常生活中是很常见的。
Inertia is very common in our daily life
官僚主義的惰性(bureaucratic inertia)扼殺了這個組織
Bureaucratic inertia stifled the organization.
bureaucracy (n.) 官僚政治
lazy (a.) = slothful , indolent 懶惰的;好逸惡勞的;懶散的
laziness (n.)
lethargy (n.) 沒精打采 /
lethargic (a.) 不活潑的;無生氣的
chameleon(n.)變色龍,變色蜥蜴 /見風使舵的人
变色龙可将身体颜色变得与周围环境相同。
他是一個見風使舵的人,知道如何適應外部變化。

camouflage (n.) 偽裝
mimicry (n.) 擬態
weathercock (n.) 風信雞(一種氣象工具)/ 見風轉舵的人
be like a weathercock in the wind (idiom)
fiber(n.) / fibre (n.)(植物或人造物的)纖維,絲 /(人體組織的)纖維
玻璃纖維(glass fibre)通常用作屋頂絕緣材料。

棉類等天然纖維往往更涼爽。

nylon (n.) 尼龍
tweed (n.)(雜色的)粗花呢
corduroy (n.) 燈芯絨
chiffon (n.) 雪紡紗
cashmere (n.) 喀什米爾羊毛
denim (n.) 牛仔布
satin (n.) 緞子
velvet (n.) 天鵝絨
fabric (n.) 衣料
dietary fibre (n.) 膳食纖維

congregation(n.)(在宗教場所參加膜拜、祈禱的)會衆 一群拜拜的人
教堂的会众跪下来祈祷。

牧師請信衆跪下。

congregate (vi./vt.) 聚集,集合 = gather


gregarious (a.)(人)愛交際的,不喜獨處的;(尤指動物)群居的
enzyme/ˈen.zaɪm/ (n.)酶
唾液中的酶開始食物口腔中分解的過程。

特定的酶在胃中起作用以幫助分解(break down)脂肪。

enzymatic (a.) 酶催的;酶的;酶催化的;酵素的


pepsin (n.) 胃蛋白酶
hormone(n.)荷爾蒙,激素
male hormone / female hormone
growth hormone
注射入女性的男性激素可能會導致鬍鬚的生長

生長激素負責快速的身體發育

pituitary gland (n.) 腦垂體


endocrine (a.) 內分泌(腺)的
e.g. endocrine system
thyroid (n.) 甲狀腺
tonsil (n.) 扁桃腺
hemorrhage/ˈhem.ər.ɪdʒ/(n.)大出血 /突然的損失;巨大損失 = massive loss
她在分娩時開始大出血。

海外的高薪導致該國的人才大量流失(a hemorrhage of talents)。

hemo- “blood”
hemoglobin (n.) 血紅蛋白
hemophilia (n.) 血友病
hemorrhoid (n.) 痔瘡
symptom (n.)(疾病的)癥狀
疲勞,食慾不振和睡眠問題都是抑鬱症的典型症狀。

最近爆發的暴力事件,顯示了目前不滿的情緒正在影響我們的社會。

to ease/ relieve a symptom


to remove the root cause
tumultuary society 動盪社會

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