Physical pharmacy

State of mettel

by de god
 Attractive forces 6 ,
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T
beleive
cohesive
intra
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↑

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-

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The attractive forces are necessary Vancou
&
J
5 o :S &

for molecules to cohere

H -bot-

S
Ondbal-

;
repulsive forces act to prevent the molecules from
interpenetrating and annihilating each other.
Orbital overlap
 State of Mattel
Whatishot ?
mean
-Before Start in State of matted ,
need to know some Term what mean

-
hot cold
. -
Pressure Volume -
Temperature
 -

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-

Ds0 19 a Ts6oc
ja .

go
Ps lat m
T - oco

& TsLoc
I
Ps100aTm
9
P=laTm T
= 100 ,
"

Ds218 aTm Ts37Y

ji jis

#
Gas state
properates
1.Takes the shape and volume of its container.
2. Has a low density.
3. Can be easily compressed.
4. Has fast and random particle movement.
5. Exhibits the ability to easily mix and disperse.
6. Does not have a definite surface.
Boyle’s Law:
At constant temperature (absolute or kelvin)

The of Gay-Lussac and Charles

Kinetic molecular theory
1.Gas particles are far apart, (at low P and high T)
2.No interaction bet gas particles (at low P)
3.Gas particles move due to internal kinetic energy.
4.Gas particles have perfect elasticity
Liquid state
1. Has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container.
2. Has a higher density compared to gas but lower than solid.
3. Can be compressed with difficulty compared to gas.
4. Flows and has the ability to flow.
5. Particles move freely and are in contact with each other.
6. Has a level surface.
 #
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is 5 S.; 8
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is .

Valwad 8 54 % % H-bond's
-
.
58
&

Clausius-Clapeyron equation for heat of vaporization

- illds , Vaper p & " I

logDea
& Hu (T2-Til
- , , din'
. 302
2 RT Te
.

↓ /
-g s 551 .
Solid and crystalline state:
-Definite shapes and an orderly arrangement of units.
-Unlike gases , uncompressible
-The structural units of crystalline solids arranged in fixed geometric patterns
of lattices.
-Crystal have definite melting point.
Crystallization as phenomenon may be occurred by precipitation of
the compound out of solution and into an ordered array.

…Crystal habit (morphology) depend on the nature of the molecules and affected by temp,
pressure, type of solvent, salt formation.
Polymorphism
Melting point and Heat of fusion
Mp -
The Temp. at which
STaTe
a
solid The
passes into Lind
f Pau ; ig
-= 1, 41-1 : %15 cel .
.

8 .

+ - =

-
Pd MP es
-5
-

&

M .
DM
p 51 S Carboxylic /
O m . : =

1) + Structures sign
Acid

M P 154429
.
carboxylic Acid
in

2)Tmost XTM .

p
&T

ST V Fusion Pinter ...

f &
Conditions to form mesophases

Formation of Liquid crystal

Applications of Liquid crystal

Atherosclerosis: liquid crystal of cholesterol on blood vessels.
• Formation of gallstones ( composed of cholesterol, bile acid and water). •
Enhancement of physical stability of emulsion( due to high viscosity).
purity, polymorphism, moisture content, amorphous content, stability and compatibility with additives.

1. DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry),

2. DTA (Differential thermal analysis),
3. TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis),
4. DVS (Dynamic vapor sorption).