Route Surveying

Definition

 Survey for determining the route of a proposed

pipeline, power line, cable, road or other linear
facilities in order to acquire a right-of-way, servitude or
easement from the property owner being crossed.
Reconnaissance Survey

 Gather sufficient information to select one or more possible

route:
 Assemble basic information
 Topographic maps
 Cadastral maps / GIS
 Aerial photos
Reconnaissance Survey
 Evaluate
 General topography
 Geology
 Meteorological statistics
 Flood records
 Unsuitable terrain
 Land use and ownership / Local Authority’s GIS
 Existing services
 Existing communication services
Reconnaissance Survey
 Field reconnaissance to confirm assembled data

 Choose possible routes

 NOTIFY RELEVANT AUTHORITIES

Preliminary Surveying
 Collect sufficient information to design the horizontal and
vertical alignment and thus:
 Likely earthwork quantities
 Intersection details
 Bridge and culvert sites
 Stream diversions
 Land resumptions
 Water catchments
 Flood levels
 Road building material
 Total cost
Preliminary Survey
 Survey methodology
 Place traverse stations along proposed route
 Establish basic horizontal and vertical control
 Control traverse between traverse stations for
horizontal coordinates
 Spirit level vertical control (if necessary)
 Draw paper location for minimum gradient and curvature,
earthwork, suitable cross section
Preliminary Survey

 It is taken by three party

 The transit party
 Consists of four to seven person conducts traverse and
measure azimith
 Records topographical details, property lines, drainage
structures pipe lines, road and railways
 The level party (3 person)
 Establish bench marks
 Conducts levelling Surveys and Control Surveys

 Topography or cross section party

 Detail topography survey
Working Survey

 A working survey must provide data of sufficient accuracy and

extent for the satisfactory detailed design of the road and the
later setting-out for construction.
Working Survey
 Survey Marks
 Pegs (75mm * 50mm) are placed along the centre line (straight
and curves) at 20 / 50 metre intervals
 Offsets (75mm * 50mm pegs, short star pickets driven flush)
placed left and right of centre line
 200 metre intervals
 beginning, centre and end of curves
 level and check level all centre line and offset pegs
Working Survey
 Survey Marks, cont
 establish benchmarks
 at 1km intervals
 at bridge and culvert sites
 CONSTRUCTION SURVEY

 Urban equivalent to the Working Survey

 route is pre-determined by the presence of existing road reserves
 general survey requirements are the same as for Working Surveys
 density of detail is such that the procedures of observation and
recording may have to be varied
Route Surveying for highway

 Recinnaisance Survey
 Alignment should avoid cutting and banking
 No obstruction
 Gradient
 Avoid cross drainage works
 Type of soil, flood level
 Source of construction material
 Type of terrain
Preliminary survey for highway

 Primary traverse
 Topographical survey
 Leveling work
 Hydrological data
 Soil survey
 Establishing bench marks
 Intersection of canals rivers and property
Location survey for Highway

 Centerline line is marked at 30m interval

 Benchmark for every 300m
 Cross section for every 30m
 All detail of cross drainage work
 Topographical detail
 Soil survey
 Total land width of highway
 Tangent points section points
Route Survey for water ways

 Have both historical and modern importance

 ocean water transportation
 75% of world trade
 Also passenger transportation
 Military purposes
Route Survey for water ways

 Inland water transportation

 Oldest form of transportation
 Uses canal or river
 Factors affecting inland transportation
 Diversion of rivers
 Deforestation
 Less importance
Route Survey for water ways

 Topographical survey, hydrographic survey and soil investigation

 Regular dredge to avoid silt formation
 Bucket or ladder dredger
 Hydraulics or cutter dredger
 Grab dredger
 Dipper dredger
 Rock dredger