Name _______________________________

The King’s School Canterbury

Science Scholarship Paper 2013

Chemistry Section

Remember, you must do at least one of the questions in this

section.

Circle the question(s) you have attempted.

Question Mark

3
1 This question is about metal extraction, melting points and boiling points.

Lead can be extracted from lead (II) sulphide, PbS, in two stages.

Stage 1: Lead (II) sulphide is heated in air. It reacts with oxygen to produce lead (II) oxide and
sulphur dioxide.

Stage 2: The lead (II) oxide is then heated in a blast furnace with coke.

(a) Write a word equation for the reaction in Stage 1.

(1)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) The equation for the reaction that occurs when lead (II) oxide is heated with coke in a blast
furnace is:
2PbO + C  2Pb + CO2
(i) State, with a reason, whether PbO is oxidised or reduced in this reaction.

(1)

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(ii) Write a word equation for any other reaction you are familiar with, which shows one
substance being oxidised and another being reduced.

(2)
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(c) The molten lead obtained from the blast furnace contains 0.1% silver dissolved in the lead as an
impurity.
The silver is removed by:
 adding zinc to the mixture of molten lead and silver at 530oC and removing the mixture
of molten zinc and silver that forms on top of the molten lead, followed by
 heating the mixture of molten zinc and silver until the zinc boils off as a gas, leaving
almost pure, solid silver behind
Use the information above to answer the following questions.

(i) What can you deduce about the relative solubility of silver in zinc and in lead?

(1)

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 (ii) What can you deduce about the melting point of the mixture of zinc and silver?

(1)

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(iii) What can you deduce about the boiling point of zinc compared to that of silver?

Explain your answer.

(2)

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(iv) Suggest why so much trouble is taken to remove such a small amount of silver from
lead.

(1)

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(d) The melting point of pure zinc is 420oC. A mixture of zinc with a small amount of silver has a
melting point of 415oC. Impurities lower the melting points of substances by a small amount.

(i) Give the melting point of any substance that you know, stating both the melting point and
the substance that has that melting point.
(1)
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(ii) In this country, salt is put on roads during cold weather. Give the chemical formula of the
major compound in this salt.
(1)
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(iii) Explain why salt is put on roads during cold weather.

(3)
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 (iv) Why might it be decided not to put salt on roads in countries that experience very cold
weather, with temperatures not rising above -10oC, for weeks at a time?
(2)
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(e) Whilst impurities lower melting points, they raise boiling points.

(i) Give the boiling point of any substance that you know, stating both the boiling point and the
substance that has that boiling point.
(1)
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(ii) Table salt is often added to potatoes when they are being cooked in boiling water. One
reason for this is to enhance the flavour of the potatoes. Would you expect potatoes to cook
faster in boiling water that contains table salt or in boiling water without any table salt added?
Explain your answer.
(3)
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Total marks = 20
2 This question is about the reactivity of metals.

The diagram shows the reactions of some metals with cold water.

Metals
in cold
water

calcium copper iron magnesium zinc

(a) (i) Complete the diagram below, using an appropriate number of bubbles, to show the
reactions of the same metals with dilute hydrochloric acid.
(3)

Metals
in dilute
hydrochloric
acid

calcium copper iron magnesium zinc

(ii) Give the formulae for water and hydrochloric acid.

(2)

………………………………………………………………………………………..................

(iii) Another sample of magnesium from a different, older supply was placed in cold water
and showed no signs of a reaction. Give the probable reason for this and suggest what should
be done to the piece of magnesium before it is placed in the water, to enable it to react.

(2)

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 (iv) Which gas being produced is causing the bubbles? Give a test for this gas.

(2)

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(v) Name the other product formed when calcium reacts with cold water.

(1)

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(b) Manganese (not to be confused with magnesium) is a metal that reacts with dilute
sulphuric acid.
Some manganese powder is added to dilute sulphuric acid in a test tube.
A colourless solution is formed and a gas is given off.
When more manganese is added, the reaction continues for a while and then stops, leaving
some manganese powder in the test tube.

(i) Suggest why the reactions stops.

(1)

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(ii) State the name of the colourless solution.

(1)

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(iii) How could you separate the manganese powder from the colourless solution?

(1)

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(iv) What type of substance is formed in this reaction (other than the gas)?

(1)

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(v) How can this product (named in (ii)) be obtained in solid form from the colourless
solution?

(1)

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 (c) Even though there is no sign of the piece of iron shown in (a) reacting with cold water,
iron does in fact react very slowly with cold water in the presence of oxygen, to give
hydrated iron oxide (rust).
Design an experiment that uses this reaction to show the percentage of oxygen in the air.
You may wish to use the following items: measuring cylinder, beaker, clamp, iron wool
(fine strings of iron), water.
Draw a labelled diagram of your experimental set up, write down which measurements
you would take, give some indication of how long you would leave the experiment to run,
explain why changes are observed during the experiment and give some example results
that you would expect.
(5)

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Total marks = 20
3. This question is about compounds of calcium.

Calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate are white solids.

(a) In an experiment, a small powdered sample of each of these solids is shaken with
water in a test tube. Calcium hydroxide is reasonably soluble and calcium
carbonate is insoluble.
Describe what you would see in each test tube.

(i) calcium hydroxide and water

(2)

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(ii) calcium carbonate and water

(1)

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(b) (i) Describe and explain what you would see when some universal indicator
solution is added to calcium hydroxide solution.
(2)

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(ii) Why is calcium hydroxide used in agriculture?

(1)

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(c) A diagram of a bottle of the substance chalk is shown.

Chalk
CaCO3

(i) Name the three elements in chalk.

(1)

1 ...................................................................

2 ...................................................................

3 ...................................................................

(ii) Explain why chalk is called a compound.

(2)

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(d) When chalk is heated, it forms a new solid and a gas.

calcium carbonate  calcium oxide + a gas

(i) Give the name for the type of reaction that has occurred.
(1)

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(ii) Name the gas formed and give a test for it.
(2)

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 (e) This label is from a bottle of mineral water.

OFFICIAL ANALYSIS
mg/I mg/I
CALCIUM………...….........55 SULPHATE…..………….23
MAGNESIUM…….............19 NITRATE..…………….<0.1
POTASSIUM……..........…..1 IRON……..………………..0
SODIUM………….............24 ALUMINIUM……...……….0
HYDROGENCARBONATE……………………………248
CHLORIDE………42 DRY RESIDUE 180°C…....280
pH AT SOURCE……..7.4
SERVE CHILLED
STORE IN A COOL PLACE AWAY FROM DIRECT SUNLIGHT

(i) What do you understand by mg/l, as shown on the label?

(1)

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(ii) Briefly describe what happens when sodium is placed in water.

(1)

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(iii) In light of your answer to (ii), explain the presence of sodium on the label for
the water.
(1)

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(f) The mineral water in (e) is hard. Hard water contains dissolved calcium and/or
magnesium compounds.
The reason for the hardness of the water is that it has passed through limestone
(which is made of calcium carbonate).

(i) Explain how contact with the limestone made the water hard.
(3)

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 (ii) Boiling this water removes the temporary hardness. This leads to lime scale
(calcium carbonate) forming on the heating elements in kettles. If you were to
design a kettle descaler to remove the lime scale from the kettle, explain what
type of chemical you would use.
(2)

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Total marks = 20

END OF CHEMISTRY SECTION OF THE EXAMINATION