Binalatongan Community College

Brgy.Ilang San Carlos City, Pangasinan

Bachelor of Elementary Education

LEARNING MODULE

Module No: 002

Subject Code: GE211
Subject Description: Reading Visual Arts
Term: (Finals) 1st Semester, 2020- 2021

I. Learning Objectives:
● Understand the course Reading Visual Arts and understand its significance
to everyday life.
● Understand the importance of the course Reading Visual Arts in the
modern times where art can be seen everywhere.
● Identify the the role of Visual Arts to self-exploration and self-expression

● Discuss the opportunity given by the course to open and widen

perspectives in life that is influenced by art.
● Show the essential of creating and understanding visual imagery.

● Understand the power of visual art to enrich human experiences and

society that is celebrated worldwide.
● Enumerate the practical experiences in painting, photography, drawing,
digital imaging, interface design, book art, drawing, etc.
● Demonstrate wisdom of capturing the moment in a piece of paper.

● Understand how to enrich human experiences through art.

● Identify the benefits to form a comprehensive, balanced, and sequential

learning of the visual arts.

II. Learning Outcomes:

● Manifest the Reading Visual arts as one of the necessary components in
everyday life.
● Project the efficiency of learning the course in appreciating the color of
life.
● Frame a paradigm on how to properly understand the role of the visual
arts in giving one’s life an art.
● Write a reaction paper on how different visual arts craft an impact on the
lives of people.
● Establish an example of art where the students can have the chance to
express themselves.
● Cite examples of artworks by different known artists locally and
internationally.
● Crafting essays giving an insight of the expression of feelings and
emotions through art.

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 ● Apply the different elements of art and the visual art in creating an
original artwork.
● Analyze the essence of exploring the different visual arts created through
the different eras.
● Create a way for the students to handle the complex and abstract
definition of visual art from different point of view.

III. Learning Resources:

Reading the Visual PDF
Published in Australia
Tony Schirato and Jen Webb
https://www.routledge.com/Reading-the-Visual/Schirato-Webb/p/book/
9781865087306

IV. Task to Complete

● Activities

● Quizzes

● Examination

V. Content Items
Lesson 1: Film Making
● Filmmaking (or, in an academic context, film production) is the process of
making a film, generally in the sense of films intended for extensive theatrical
exhibition. Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages
including an initial story, idea, or commission, through screenwriting, casting,
shooting, sound recording and pre-production, editing, and screening the
finished product before an audience that may result in a film release and an
exhibition. Filmmaking takes place in many places around the world in a range of
economic, social, and political contexts, and using a variety of technologies and
cinematic techniques.
● A filmmaker, or film director, is someone who is in charge of making, leading,
and developing movie productions. It is a career that allows an individual to use
their leadership as well as creative thinking skills to lead and direct major motion
pictures or made-for-television films.
● A filmmaker spends very long hours making sure the film is being shot in a way
that will provide entertainment for the audience and will highlight the actors and
actresses' strengths. They will see each film through, from where the film is shot,
to how the script will be played out, to what actors and actresses best fit the
roles of the characters. The filmmaker also manages the financial end of the
production.
● A filmmaker is in charge of deciding what aspects of an actor or actresses'
portrayal of the scene need to be altered from the script. They provide the
creative flair and edge that sets the movie apart. Giving directions to the actors
and actresses is very important because often, the filmmaker is responsible for
the tone that the movie takes.

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 Stages of Production in Film Making
Development
This stage, the project producer selects a story, which may come from
a book, play, another film, true story, video game, fairy tale, comic book, graphic novel,
or an original idea, etc. After identifying a theme or underlying message, the producer
works with writers to prepare a synopsis. Next, they produce a step outline, which
breaks the story down into one-paragraph scenes that concentrate on dramatic
structure. Then, they prepare a treatment, a 25-to-30-page description of the story, its
mood, and characters. This usually has little dialogue and stage direction, but often
contains drawings that help visualize key points. Another way is to produce
a scriptment once a synopsis is produced.

Pre-Production
In pre-production, every step of actually creating the film is carefully designed
and planned. This is the phase where one would narrow down all the options of the
production. It is where all the planning takes place before the camera rolls and sets the
overall vision of the project. The production company is created and a production
office established. The film is pre-visualized by the director and may
be storyboarded with the help of illustrators and concept artists. A production budget is
drawn up to plan expenditures for the film.
The nature of the film, and the budget, determine the size and type of crew used
during filmmaking. Many Hollywood blockbusters employ a cast and crew of hundreds,
while a low-budget, independent film may be made by a skeleton crew of eight or nine
(or fewer). These are typical crew positions:
● Storyboard artist: creates visual images to help the director and production
designer communicate their ideas to the production team.
● Director: is primarily responsible for the storytelling, creative decisions and
acting of the film.
● Assistant director (AD): manages the shooting schedule and logistics of the
production, among other tasks. There are several types of AD, each with
different responsibilities.
● Film producer: hires the film's crew.

● Production designer: the one who creates the visual conception of the film,
working with the art director, who manages the art department, which
makes production sets.[2]
● Costume designer: creates the clothing for the characters in the film working
closely with the actors, as well as other departments.
Production
In production, the film is created and shot. In this phase it is key to keep
planning ahead of the daily shoot. The primary aim is to stick to the budget and
schedule, this requires constant vigilance. More crew will be recruited at this stage,
such as the property master, script supervisor, assistant directors,
stills photographer, picture editor, and sound editors. These are just the most common
roles in filmmaking; the production office will be free to create any unique blend of
roles to suit the various responsibilities possible during the production of a film.
Communication is key between the location, set, office, production company,
distributors and all other parties involved.
Distribution

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 This is the final stage, where the film is released to cinemas or,
occasionally, directly to consumer media (VHS, VCD, DVD, Blu-ray) or direct download
from a digital media provider. The film is duplicated as required (either
onto film or hard disk drives) and distributed to cinemas for exhibition (screening).
Press kits, posters, and other advertising materials are published, and the film is
advertised and promoted. A B-roll clip may be released to the press based on raw
footage shot for a "making of" documentary, which may include making-of clips as well
as on-set interviews.
Film distributors usually release a film with a launch party, a red-
carpet premiere, press releases, interviews with the press, press preview screenings,
and film festival screenings. Most films are also promoted with their own
special website separate from those of the production company or distributor. For major
films, key personnel are often contractually required to participate in promotional tours
in which they appear at premieres and festivals and sit for interviews with many TV,
print, and online journalists. The largest productions may require more than one
promotional tour, in order to rejuvenate audience demand at each release window.

Lesson 2: Performing Arts

● Performing arts refers to forms of art in which artists use their voices, bodies
or inanimate objects to convey artistic expression. It is different from visual arts,
which is when artists use paint, canvas or various materials to create physical or
static art objects. Performing arts include a range of disciplines which are
performed in front of a live audience, inducing theatre, music, and dance.
● Theatre, music, dance and object manipulation, and other kinds of performances
are present in all human cultures. The history of music and dance date to pre-
historic times whereas circus skills date to at least Ancient Egypt. Many
performing arts are performed professionally. Performances can be in purpose
built buildings, such as theatres and opera houses, on open air stages at
festivals, on stages in tents such as circuses and on the street.
● Live performances before an audience are a form of entertainment. The
development of audio and video recording has allowed for private consumption
of the performing arts.

Performers
● Artists who participate in performing arts in front of an audience are called
performers. Examples of these include actors, comedians,
dancers, magicians, circus artists, musicians, and singers. Performing arts are
also supported by workers in related fields, such as songwriting,
choreography and stagecraft.

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Types of Performing Arts
Theatre
● Theatre is the branch of performing arts concerned with acting out stories in
front of an audience, using a combination of speech, gesture, music, dance,
sound, and spectacle. Any one or more of these elements is considered

performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style of plays,

theater takes such forms as plays, musicals, opera,
ballet, illusion, mime, classical Indian dance, kabuki, mummers'
plays, improvisational theatre, comedy, pantomime, and non-conventional or
contemporary forms like postmodern theatre, postdramatic theatre, or
performance art.

Dance
In the context of performing arts, dance generally refers to human movement,
typically rhythmic and to music, used as a form of audience entertainment in a
performance setting. Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent
on social, cultural, aesthetic, artistic, and moral constraints and range from functional
movement (such as folk dance) to codified, virtuoso techniques such as ballet.
There is one another modern form of dance that emerged in the 19th- 20th
century with the name of Free-Dance style. This form of dance was structured to create
a harmonious personality which included features such as physical and spiritual
freedom. Isadora Duncan was the first female dancer who argued about "woman of
future" and developed novel vector of choreography using Nietzsche’s idea of "supreme
mind in free mind"

Music
Music is an art form which combines pitch, rhythm, and dynamic to create
sound. It can be performed using a variety of instruments and styles and is divided into
genres such as folk, jazz, hip hop, pop, and rock, etc. As an art form, music can occur
in live or recorded formats, and can be planned or improvised.

Lesson 3: Printmaking
● Printmaking is an artistic process based on the principle of transferring
images from a matrix onto another surface, most often paper or fabric.

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 Traditional printmaking techniques include woodcut, etching, engraving, and
lithography, while modern artists have expanded available techniques to
include screenprinting.
Different types of Printmaking
● The oldest form of printmaking, woodcut is a relief process in which knives
and other tools are used to carve a design into the surface of a wooden
block. The raised areas that remain after the block has been cut are inked
and printed, while the recessed areas that are cut away do not retain ink, and
will remain blank in the final print.
● The wooden block is usually made from pear wood, which is sawn along the
grain and planed smooth. The block is then seasoned to reduce the moisture
content in the wood, which prevents warping and cracking. The size of the
woodblock is determined by the image, but is ultimately limited by the size of
the printing press. This means that for a large-scale print, multiple blocks are
cut and printed separately, after which the image is assembled. Smaller
blocks are less likely to crack due to age or the pressure placed upon them
during the printing process. The thickness of the block is also important for
ease of use and the prevention of wear; the ideal thickness is around one
inch.
● After the woodblock has been prepared, the design can be drawn directly
onto the surface of the block or a sketch can be pasted on to it. Alternatively,
the design can be transferred from a sheet of paper directly onto the surface
of the block by applying chalk or graphite to the back of the sheet. The
design is then placed onto the surface of the block and its lines are traced by
the printmaker with a stylus, which transfers the chalk and thus the design
onto the block.
● Woodblocks are most often cut by a professional block cutter, who uses a
chisel, gouge, or knife to carefully cut away sections of the block that will not
receive ink.

Engraving
● Engraving is an intaglio printmaking process in which lines are cut into a metal
plate in order to hold the ink. In engraving, the plate can be made of copper or
zinc.
● The metal plate is first polished to remove all scratches and imperfections from
the surface so that only the intentional lines will be printed. When making an
engraving, the printmaker incises or cuts a composition directly into the surface
of a metal plate using a sharp tool, known as a burin: a steel shaft ending in a
beveled diamond-shaped tip that is set into a rounded wooden handle
● The printmaker holds the burin by placing the wooden handle against the palm
of their hand and grips the shaft with their thumb and third finger. The burin is
then set to engage with the surface of the plate. When pressure is applied, the
burin cuts away a thin layer of the metal to create a recessed line or groove in
the plate. Cutting into the plate also results in the displacement of a thin curl of
metal residue.

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 ● Different sizes of burins can affect the size of the lines; the pressure the
printmaker applies to the burin can also be used to create thinner or thicker
grooves in the plate. Creating smooth lines requires both strength and control on
the part of the printmaker.
● The metal plate is placed on a sandbag or pillow by the printmaker to help
manipulate and move the plate, especially when a composition requires curved
lines.
● To enhance a purely linear composition with tone, the printmaker applies a
system of hatching—lines, dots, and dashes, among other kinds of markings,
placed close together to create denser areas in the print that hold more ink. The
closer the marks are placed together, the darker those areas will appear. The
printmaker must take care not to cut the lines or the markings too closely
together so that the ink does not bleed between them.
● Once the full composition has been cut into the plate, it is ready to be inked. A
cloth ball, cardboard tab, or equivalent material is used to gently spread ink
across the whole face of the plate; the same material is used to remove most of
the excess ink from the surface. The plate is further cleaned using a tarlatan rag
(heavily starched cheesecloth).
Etching
● Etching is an intaglio printmaking process in which lines or areas are incised
using acid into a metal plate in order to hold the ink. In etching, the plate can
be made of iron, copper, or zinc.
● To prepare the plate for etching, it is first polished to remove all scratches
and imperfections from the surface. When the surface is completely smooth,
it is covered evenly with a layer of acid-resistant varnish or wax, which is
called the ground.
Screenprint
● Screen Printing is a process where ink is forced through a mesh screen onto a
surface. Making certain areas of the screen impervious to printing ink creates a
stencil, which blocks the printing ink from passing through the screen. The ink
that passes through forms the printed image.
● A printing screen consists of a fine mesh fabric that is tightly stretched and
attached to a metal or wooden frame. Traditionally these screens were made of
silk, but today they are most often made of synthetic materials such as terylene.
● Stencils—which can be composed of a wide variety of materials, including fabric,
greasy paint, or a design on a transparency—can be applied to the screen in
different ways: placing them directly onto the surface of the screen, painting
them onto the screen, or by transferring a design onto the screen using a photo-
sensitive emulsion. The transfer of a design on transparency or Mylar film onto a
photo-sensitive emulsion is the most common contemporary method to prepare
a screen. Designs can be made by any or a combination of the following ways:
hand-drawn with an opaque ink or printed onto the transparency, or cut out of
rubylith, an ultraviolet-masking film.

Lesson 4: Crafts

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 ● A craft or trade is a pastime or a profession that requires particular skills and
knowledge of skilled work. In a historical sense, particularly the Middle Ages and
earlier, the term is usually applied to people occupied in small-scale production
of goods, or their maintenance, for example by tinkers. The traditional
term craftsman is nowadays often replaced by artisan and rarely
by craftsperson (craftspeople).
● Historically, the more specialized crafts with high value products tended to
concentrate in urban centers and formed guilds. The skill required by their
professions and the need to be permanently involved in the exchange of
goods often demanded a generally higher level of education, and craftsmen were
usually in a more privileged position than the peasantry in societal hierarchy.

Classifications of Crafts
Handicrafts
Handicraft is the "traditional" main sector of the crafts, it is a type of work where
useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or by using only simple
tools. Usually the term is applied to traditional means of making goods. The
individual artisanship of the items is a paramount criterion, such items often have
cultural and/or religious significance. Items made by mass production or machines are
not handicraft goods. Handicraft goods are made with craft production processes.

The Arts and Crafts Movement

The term crafts is often used to describe the family of artistic practices within the
family decorative arts that traditionally are defined by their relationship to functional or
utilitarian products (such as sculptural forms in the vessel tradition) or by their use of
such natural media as wood, clay, ceramics, glass, textiles, and metal.
The Arts and Crafts Movement originated in Britain during the late 19th century and
was characterized by a style of decoration reminiscent of medieval times. The primary
artist associated with the movement is William Morris, whose work was reinforced with
writings from John Ruskin. The movement placed a high importance on the quality of
craftsmanship while emphasizing the importance for the arts to contribute to economic
reform.

Studio Crafts
Crafts practiced by independent artists working alone or in small groups are often
referred to as studio craft. Studio craft includes studio pottery, metal
work, weaving, wood turning, paper and other forms of woodworking, glass blowing,
and glass art.

Craft fairs
A craft fair is an organized event to display and sell crafts. There are craft shops where
such goods are sold and craft communities, such as Craftster, where expertise is
shared.

Tradesperson
A tradesperson is a skilled manual worker in a particular trade or craft. Economically
and socially, a tradesperson's status is considered between a laborer and a professional,
with a high degree of both practical and theoretical knowledge of their trade. In
cultures where professional careers are highly prized, there can be a shortage of skilled
manual workers, leading to lucrative niche markets in the trades.

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Lesson 5: Design
● A design is a plan or specification for the construction of an object or system or
for the implementation of an activity or process, or the result of that plan or
specification in the form of a prototype, product or process.
● The verb to design expresses the process of developing a design. In some cases,
the direct construction of an object without an explicit prior plan (such as in
craftwork, some engineering, coding, and graphic design) may also be
considered to be a design activity.
● The design usually has to satisfy certain goals and constraints, may take into
account aesthetic, functional, economic, or socio-political considerations, and is
expected to interact with a certain environment. Major examples of designs
include architectural blueprints, engineering drawings, business processes, circuit
diagrams, and sewing patterns.
● The person who produces a design is called a designer, which is a term generally
used for people who work professionally in one of the various design areas—
usually specifying which area is being dealt with (such as a textile
designer, fashion designer, product designer, concept designer, web
designer or interior designer), but also others such as architects and engineers.
● A designer's sequence of activities is called a design process, possibly
using design methods. The process of creating a design can be brief (a quick
sketch) or lengthy and complicated, involving considerable research, negotiation,
reflection, modeling, interactive adjustment and re-design.

Types of Design
Design and Engineering
● In engineering, design is a component of the process. Many overlapping
methods and processes can be seen when comparing Product design, Industrial
design and Engineering. The American Heritage Dictionary defines design
as: "To conceive or fashion in the mind; invent," and "To formulate a plan", and
defines engineering as: "The application of scientific and mathematical principles
to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and
economical structures, machines, processes, and systems." . Both are forms of
problem-solving with a defined distinction being the application of "scientific and
mathematical principles". The increasingly scientific focus of engineering in
practice, however, has raised the importance of more new "human-centered"
fields of design. How much science is applied in a design is a question of what is
considered "science". Along with the question of what is considered science,
there is social science versus natural science. Scientists at Xerox PARC made the
distinction of design versus engineering at "moving minds" versus "moving
atoms" (probably in contradiction to the origin of term "engineering – engineer"
from Latin "in genio" in meaning of a "genius" what assumes existence of a
"mind" not of an "atom").
Design and Production
● The relationship between design and production is one of planning and
executing. In theory, the plan should anticipate and compensate for potential
problems in the execution process. Design involves problem-solving
and creativity. In contrast, production involves a routine or pre-planned process.

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 A design may also be a mere plan that does not include a production or
engineering processes although a working knowledge of such processes is
usually expected of designers. In some cases, it may be unnecessary or
impractical to expect a designer with a broad multidisciplinary knowledge
required for such designs to also have a detailed specialized knowledge of how
to produce the product.
Process Design
● "Process design" (in contrast to "design process" mentioned above) is to the
planning of routine steps of a process aside from the expected result. Processes
(in general) are treated as a product of design, not the method of design. The
term originated with the industrial designing of chemical processes. With the
increasing complexities of the information age, consultants and executives have
found the term useful to describe the design of business processes as well
as manufacturing processes.

VI. Summary:
Lesson 1: Filmmaking
Lesson 2: Performing Arts
Lesson 3: Printmaking
Lesson 4: Crafts
Lesson 5: Design

VII: Review Questions:

Engaging: Putting Things in the Right Perspective:

1. Why do you think that Filmmaking is important?
2. What do you think is Filmmaking's role in society?

Engaging: Putting Things in the Right Perspective:

1. What are your realizations with the definition of Performing Arts?
2. What do you think is the effect of understanding Performing Arts in daily life?
3. Do you think that there is a difference with the visual arts before compared to the
present time?

Engaging: Putting things in the right perspective

1. Do you think that form or type of Printmaking is the most common nowadays?
2. What are your insights on Crafts as a form of expression?
3. Do you think that design is important to society?

IX: References:
T. Schirato & J. Webb (2018) “Reading the
Visual”https://www.routledge.com/Reading-the-Visual/Schirato-Webb/p/book/
9781865087306
https://www.coursehero.com/file/64810853/1-Reading-Visual-Art-
Introductionpptx/
https://334.edb.hkedcity.net/doc/eng/framework1/visualart.pdf

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