CHAPTER-V

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a member of Poaceae family and is relished as

staple food by majority of world's population. Rice is an important cereal crop of
the world and nearly more than half of the population dependent on it. It is the
main livelihood of rural population living in sub-tropical and tropical. Rice is
grown in about 44 M ha in India of which 40% area are rainfed lowlands mostly
located in the Eastern in India. Theproductivity of this mega ecosystem is very low
(1.0 to 1.5 mt ha) because of monoculture of rice. In Chhattisgarh, 4.67 M ha area
is being cultivated during kharif season, of which 3.55 m ha is occupied by rice
crop.

The present experiment entitled “Studies on yield performance with

special emphasis on early transplanted condition of elite rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Genotypes at Baster condition” was conducted during Kharif 2019. The study
material for the investigation included sixty four rice genotypes and one popular
standard checks namely samleshwari..The experimental materials were received
from rice breeding section of S.G. College of Agriculture and Research Station,
Jagdalpur, Bastar, Chhattisgarh. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block
Design with the objectives to study the variation in morphological and yield
attributing characters; study about quality parameters of selected rice germplasm
understand correlations between yield and yield attributing traits, genetic diversity
analysis of selected genotypes.

The result of analysis of variance indicated that the mean sum of squares
due to the genotype were highly significant for the quantitative character studies i
e. Days to 50% flowering, plant height, (cm),number of panicles ,panicle length,
test weight, no. of effective tiller ,spikelet fertility, harvest index. The result of
analysis of variance indicated that the mean sum of squares due to the genotype
were highly significant for the quantitative character studies i e. grain length, grain
width, L/B ratio, Gran yield, Milling %.

In stem borer, forty five genotypes were found highly resistant (0 score)
and thirteen genotypes were moderately resistant (6-10 score). For leaf blast
incidence, nine genotypes were highly resistant (0-3 score) including the check
variety Samleshwari (BRR- 2134, RNR 26128, KMP 220, WGL 1191, NLR
3573,CR 4073, IR 73930, HTW 30, KNM 7037) and twenty two genotypes were
moderately resistant (3-5 score) (UPR 3968, RP 5599, KMP 200, PR 124, CRU-
BR-07, Rewa 1328, CR 4148, AD 17036, GNV 1903, RP 6351, MTU 1312, HTW
33, ACK 14090, CR 3847, NWGR 13087).

Coefficient of variation truly provides a relative measure of variability

among different attributes. In the present study wide range of genetic variability
was observed for most of the quantitative traits. High magnitude of coefficient of
variation (more than 21 %) in the entire genotypes was observed for Harvest index
(21.75%). Moderate magnitude of coefficient of variation (10-20 %) was observed
for grain yield (25.02%) and whereas low magnitude of coefficient of variation
(<10 %) had been observed for days to 50% flowering (6.66%), milling percentage
(5.44%), panicle length (17.70%), L/B ratio (13.69%), grain length (9.12%), plant
height (11.39%) and number of panicle (19.23%), grain width (9.47%) and number
of effective tillers (17.48%).spikelet fertility (9.06%) test weight (20.10%)

In the present study high magnitude of heritability was recorded for most of
the characters namely days to 50% flowering (99.00%), L/B ratio (98.09%), grain
length (97.50%), plant height (96.53%),Test weight (85.02%) Spikelet fertility
(63.77%) milling % (45.87%) Harvest index (15.24%) and number of
panicle /m2(14.05%), number of effective tillers/ plant (13.63%). The highest
heritability was recorded for days to 50% flowering followed by, %), L/B ratio,
plant height, and grain length. The moderate heritability was observed for Spikelet
fertility 63.77%).High to medium heritability coupled with high CV and high
genetic advance as percentage of means were exhibited for plant height, No. of
panicles /m2, days to 50% flowering.
 Test weight had positive and highly significant positive correlated with
grain width (0.597**), harvest index (0.286*) and negative correlated with L/B
ratio (-0.321*) Spikelet fertility % had positive significant correlation with grain
width (0.259*) harvest index (0.113), test weight (0.16) and whereas, negative and
highly significant association was found with L/B ratio (-0.363**) genotypic level.
At phenotypic level days to 50% flowering (-0.213) negative correlated.

Sixty four Rice genotypes under study were exposed to path analysis to
estimate the direct and indirect effect of various characters towards seed yield per
plant character. From the thirteen characters included in the study nine characters
showed positive direct effect towards seed yield per plant in which had higher
positive direct effect followed by Days to 50 percent flowering (0.295), Number of
panicles/m2 (0.235), Plant height (0.225), Grain width(0.220) Grain length and
Grain width ratio (0.209), Number of effective tillers /plant (0.149), Test weight
(0.022), and Spikelet fertility (0.013) whereas negative direct effect was shown
Grain length (-0.378) followed by Milling % (-0.245) and Panicle length (-0.036)
respectively at phenotypic level.

At genotypic level highest direct effect towards seed yield per plant was indicated
by Panicle length (0.370) followed by Number of panicles/m 2 (0.252), Number of
effective tillers /plant (0.233), Grain length and Grain width ratio (0.220), Grain
width(0.159) and grain length (0.150) whereas negative direct effect was shown by
Days to 50 percent flowering (-0.289), Test weight (-0.276), Milling % (-
0.240),Spikelet fertility (-0.181), Harvest index (-0.175) and Plant height (-
0.119),respectively.

In plant breeding, it is very difficult to have complete knowledge of all

component traits of yield. The residual effect permits precise explanation about the
pattern of interaction of other possible components of yield. The residual effect is
estimated with the help of direct effects and simple correlation coefficients. In the
present study the residual effect in rice genotypes for direct and indirect effects
were (0.000) at phenotypic level and (0.996) at genotypic level. The residual effect
is low indicates that besides the characters studied, there are only some other
attributes which contributes for yield.The results discussed on contribution of the
characters towards the genetic divergence of rice the contribution of the characters
towards the genetic divergence is presented in .Out of the eleven traits assessed,
days to 50% percent flowering contributed maximum towards diversity (33.6%),
trailed by grain yield (23.5%), Grain length and grain width ratio(mm)
(16.8%), grain length(13.4%), plant height (10.1%), test weight(3.3%), and
(3.40),and spikelet fertility (0.0%) showed least contribution towards genetic
divergence.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the results following conclusions are drawn from the present
examination.

 In the present study the high yielding rice genotypes under early
transplanted condition were RP-5505 (68.75 Q/HA), UPR-3968 (67.97
Q/HA), NWGR-13087 (66.47 Q/HA) AND ACR-14090 (66.14 Q/HA).

 Genotypes having early duration under early transplanted condition were

NP-9878(102 DAYS), MTU -1330(102 DAYS), KMP-200(102 DAYS)
AND CR-477 (102 DAYS).

 High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was
higher for days to 50% flowering, grain length breadth ratio, grain length
(mm) plant height (cm)) test weight (g) of 1000 seeds, thus these characters
were predominantly under control of additive gene action and therefore
selection based on these characters may be effective.

 Grain length (0.34**) is highly positive and significant association with

grain yield /ha.

 Path analysis revealed that Days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), No.
of panicles/ m2, grain width (mm) showed positive and direct effect on
grain yield/ha.
 In stem borer, forty five genotypes were found highly resistant (0 score)
and thirteen genotypes were moderately resistant (6-10 score).

 For leaf blast incidence, nine genotypes were highly resistant (0-3 score)
including the check variety Samleshwari (BRR- 2134, RNR 26128, KMP
220, WGL 1191, NLR 3573,CR 4073, IR 73930, HTW 30, KNM 7037)
and twenty two genotypes were moderately resistant (3-5 score) (UPR
3968, RP 5599, KMP 200, PR 124, CRU-BR-07, Rewa 1328, CR 4148,
AD 17036, GNV 1903, RP 6351, MTU 1312, HTW 33, ACK 14090, CR
3847, NWGR 13087).

SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH WORK

 Morphological characterisation of rice genotypes should be continued, this

would help to develop descriptor for the crop.

 Based on results of variability, genetic advance, heritability and correlation,

it is suggested that selection for the characters example, plant height, Days
to 50% flowering are important to advance high yielding genotype of rice.

 The resistant genotype against leaf blast and stem borer can be reconfirmed
utilizing field and laboratory analysis and incorporated in insect and disease
resistant breeding.

 Based on the mean performance and estimates of morphological and

genetic diversity studied of rice genotypes, the genetically diverse
genotypes can be selected for further breeding programme.

 There is required diversity analysis using molecular markers for further

research analysis.