GUYA, SHAINA E.

PICANIA, MARY JOY G.

BSA - 3E

GERMINATION
CAMC 105 PLANT AND GROWTH DEVELOPMENT

I. Introduction: M1. LESSON3: Growth in seed and dormancy and Seed

Germination

II. Objective:
To be able to identify the causes of dormancy in seeds
To be able to observe the Germination process in seeds.
To be able to identify factors affecting germination in seeds

I. Materials:
a. At least 20 seeds of desired horticultural crops
b. Cloth/Tissue
c. Sprayer for misting/Water Bottle
d. Water
e. Container
f. Ruler

METHODOLOGY
A. Discuss as a group the procedure you wish to apply depending on the seed you chose.

a. Gather 15 seeds and assemble all the necessary supplies, including plastic cups, paper
towels, a water spray bottle, a marker, and a ruler.
b. Place the seeds onto two pieces of paper towels, cover them, and then put them in
labeled plastic cups.
c. Water the seeds and position the cups in an undisturbed location.

DATA to be gathered:

a. The length of time it takes for each seed to germinate will be recorded (# of days) and a
seed will be considered ungerminated after 1 week of no growth.
b. After the seeds germinate, on the 5, and 7th day, growth will be determined by measuring
the height of the plant with a ruler.
 Seed: Sigarilyas, Hot Chili, Sitaw, Upo, Mung
Bean, Bell Pepper, Tomato, Calamansi,
Eggplant, Okra, Squash, Pipino, Papaya,
Dalandan, Mustasa
Date Planted: October 13, 2023
Total No. of Seeds: 15
No of seeds germinated: 10
No of seeds dormant: 5
Date Ended: October 28, 2023
How often do you water the seeds? Every other day

Observations:

a. What do you think caused the seed to be dormant (not able to germinate)?
- Numerous things, such as the surroundings, the presence of specific compounds, a lack of
water, or an insufficient temperature, can induce seed dormancy. In addition, one of the
reasons the seed cannot germinate is due to external factors such an impermeable or
excessively hard seed coat.

b. Is the height of the germinated seeds uniform? (Yes or no) Explain why?
- No, the height of seeds that germinate varies. This is because the growth and height of
germinated seeds can be influenced by a number of variables, including genetic
variances, environmental factors like light, water, and nutrients, and the type of seed (it
has a different seed).

c. Other observations.
- We observed that the seeds that didn’t germinate had the presence of fungi. The cause
might be because of contamination. Contamination can occur because of different factors
such as improper watering, inadequate sterilization of tools used, poor seed quality,
airborne-contaminants and storage conditions. To avoid contamination we should address
those factors by proper watering practices, sterilization of tools, good seed quality, and
proper storage conditions. If addressed we can have better germination rates.
Random Sampling (Select 10) Height on the 5th day Height on the 7th day
1. Sitaw 7 cm 9 cm
4.5 cm 6.5 cm
6 cm 8 cm
2. Upo 5.5 cm 7.5 cm
7.5 cm 9.5 cm
4 cm 6 cm
3. Mungbean 14 cm 16 cm
13 cm 15 cm
11.5 cm 13.5 cm
4. Bell pepper .5 cm 1 cm
1 cm 2 cm
.5 cm 1 cm
5. Tomato 2 cm 4 cm
2.5 cm 4.5 cm
3 cm 5 cm
6. Mustasa 3.5 cm 5.5 cm
4.5 cm 6.5 cm
4.5 cm 6.5 cm
7. Eggplant 2.5 cm 4.5 cm
2 cm 4 cm
2.5 cm 4.5 cm
8. Okra 7.25 cm 9.5 cm
8 cm 10 cm
6.5 cm 8.5 cm
9. Squash 14 cm 16 cm
14.5 cm 16.5 cm
16 cm 18 cm
10. Pipino 13.5 cm 15.5 cm
14.5 cm 16.5cm
11.5 cm 13.5cm
The illustration shows that squash has the highest germination rate among 10 samples and bell
pepper has the lowest germination rate.

Note: There are 15 seed samples including dalandan,calamansi,sigarilyas,papaya, and hot chili.
There’s only 10 samples in the illustration because 5 samples did not germinate and we did not
include it in the illustration.

III. Study Questions:

a. What do seeds need to germinate? (Identify and explain the importance)

- Until the ideal circumstances arise for germination, seeds remain dormant or
inactive. Water, oxygen, and the right temperature are all necessary for seeds to
germinate. Certain seeds also need the right amount of light. Certain seeds
germinate more readily in direct sunlight, while others need darkness to do so.
● Water
- Most seeds require imbibition, or exposure to water, in order to
germinate.
 ❖ hydrates and activates the seed's enzymes. The seed then
starts to release energy for growth from its food storage.
❖ It makes the cells of the embryo feel more pressure, which
makes them grow larger. The seed coat frequently breaks open
as a result of this.
● Oxygen
-In order for seeds to generate energy for germination and growth, they
require oxygen. The embryo breaks down its food stores to produce
energy. This is accomplished, like in all living things, by a sequence of
events called aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen to release energy
from glucose. As an aerobic respiration occurs:
❖ Both oxygen and glucose are depleted.
❖ Waste products include carbon dioxide and water, while energy
is liberated.
● Temperature
-The ideal temperature for seeds to germinate varies based on the type of
plant and its surroundings. Certain people require temperature
changes.Certain plants require extremely low temperatures for several
weeks or even months in order to germinate at a higher temperature. This
guarantees that seeds from cold climates, for instance, do not germinate
until after the winter.

b. What are different ways that light could affect seed germination?
-
Different methods of light influence different aspects of seed germination, based
on the needs of the individual plant species. While some seeds need darkness to
germinate, others require light. The various ways that light might impact seed
germination are as follows:
● Light as a Stimulus: In order to start the germination process, some seeds,
including those of several small-seeded species, require light.
● Light inhibition: On the other hand, some seeds need darkness to germinate,
and light exposure can actually prevent some seeds from doing so.
● Light Intensity: Another factor influencing seed germination is light intensity.
High light levels can prevent the germination of certain seeds, while they may
be necessary fortain seeds to germinate at their best.
● Photoperiodism: Certain seeds require a certain length of light and darkness
in order to initiate germination. These seeds are known as photoperiodic
seeds.
Successful plant propagation requires an understanding of the particular light
requirements of the seeds you are trying to germinate.

c. What are different ways that water could affect seed germination?
- Water is essential for seed germination, and its effects can differ depending
on the following:
 ● Water Amount: While insufficient water might postpone or completely
stop germination, excessive water can suffocate plants and impede
germination.
● Water quality: Chemical contaminants or excessive salinity might
prevent seeds from germinating or cause aberrant development.
● Water Temperature: Harsh temperatures can harm seeds or cause
germination to be delayed, which might impact the process of
germination as a whole.
● Water Potential: The water potential around the seeds is influenced by
the amount of water present in the soil, which in turn impacts the rate
and success of germination.
● Water Absorption: During germination, seeds take up water, which sets
off the metabolic and biochemical reactions required for growth.
Inadequate absorption of water may impede these procedures.
● Knowing these elements can aid in efficiently controlling water to
encourage successful seed germination.

d. What are different ways that temperature could affect seed germination?
- There are several ways that temperature might impact seed germination. Here
are some important details:
The optimal temperature range for germination varies depending on the species
of plant; departures from this range might hinder or slow down the germination
process.
● Cold Stratification: Before germination, certain seeds need to be exposed to
cold temperatures for a specific amount of time. This method, called cold
stratification, promotes germination and aids in overcoming seed dormancy.
● Heat-Induced Germination: Heat may be required in order to initiate
germination in some species. It's possible that these seeds need to be
exposed to greater temps in order to begin germination.
● Extreme Temperatures: Seed germination can be negatively impacted by
either hot or low temperatures, which can result in either poor seedling
development, delayed germination, or total failure to germinate.
● Temperature Fluctuations: Rapid temperature changes can also have a
detrimental effect on seed germination, causing irregular or uneven
germination rates and possibly jeopardizing the process's success as a
whole.
● Comprehending the distinct temperature prerequisites for diverse seed
varieties is vital for efficacious germination and robust plant growth.

Reference
Pauline Ladiges AO FAA, Kingsley Dixon, Anna Koltunow FAA (2016) Just add
water? Weird ways plant germinate. Australian Academy of Science
https://www.science.org.au/curious/eart-environment/plant-germination
IV. Documentation.