Unit four 1 ‘This ladder is longer than that one.’ Ron wants to repair the water tank. Use this ladder. It’s longer than ic BPE yse ae — e Mente Laren nd is less on X pensive 1 Complete this: 2 Study this: Example: (a) longer heavy — heavier (a) long > wide + wider (b) short > ___ thin + thinner (c) strong + —__ (d) weak > __ (e) narrow + ___ 3 Compare these tools. Make sentences: Example: (a) Spanner A is longer than spanner B. A (a) long (e) strong (b) wide (f) light (ec) short (g) weak (d) heavy (h) narrow 4° Study this: flexible > more flexible a rigid + more rigid brittle + more brittle combustible + more combustible 265S Compare these materials. Make sentences: Example: (a) Paper is more combustible than glass. (a) paper/glass — combustible (b) rubber/steel — rigid (c) glass/wood — brittle (d) stecl/gold — expensive (e) wood/concrete — heavy (f) steel/lead — hard 6 Compare these spanners. Make sentences: mm 110 mm——| | Example: (a) Spanner A is 90 mm longer than spanner B. A a=) (a) long (©) light (i) heavy B (b) wide (f) cheap Gj) expensive eee (©) short (g) thick 110 (d) narrow (h) thin 7 Study this: 8 Answer these questions: =3 m———| Ais less than 3 m long. B is more than 3 m long. > =more than <=less than Examples: (a) How long is a ladder? It’s usually more than 1.5 m long. (b) What is the width of a door? It’s usually less than 2 m wide. (a) How long is a ladder? (> 1.5 m) (b) What is the width of a door? (<2 m) (c) How wide is a water pipe? (> 13 mm) (d) How thick is a sheet of paper? (<1 mm) (ce) How wide is a hand pump? (<2 m) (f) How high is a house? (>2 m) (g) What’s the depth of a well? (< 100 m) 22 ‘It’s as long as that one.’ Kamal is repairing the cooling system in the car. r Use this hose. It’s as long as that one. 9 Are these sentences TRUE or FALSE? Correct the false ones: Example: (a) FALSE. Car A is shorter than car B. | WIDE (a) Car A is longer than car B. (f) Car B is narrower than car A. (b) Car A is as wide as car B. (g) Car A is as high as car B. (c) Car B is shorter than car C. (h) Car B is wider than car C. (d) Car A is as long as car C. (i) Car B is as high as car C. (©) Car C is higher than car A. 2810 Study this: A A has the same diameter as B. i) (8) C has a greater diameter than A and B. (a eX A and B have a smaller diameter than C. 4 LZ : diameter “~~ These bolts have the same diameter but different lengths. These have the same length but different diameters. 11 Look at this table and complete the sentences below: Length Diameter | BoltA 40 mm 6mm | Bolt B 40 mm 6.5 mm Bolt C 40 mm 7mm Bolt D 40 mm 7.5 mm Screw E 35 mm 5mm Screw F 36 mm. Smm Screw G 37 mm 5.5 mm Screw H 38 mm mm (a) A, B, Cand D have the same ___._ (¢) G and H have the same __. (b) E, F, G and H have ___ lengths. (f) B has a greater _ than A. (c) A, B, C and D have different . (g) Fhas a diameter than G. (d) Eand F have ____ lengths. (h) E has the same as F. 12 Look at the table in Exercise 7 again. Which bolts or screws are these? Example: (a) Bolt B. ° RUMI 6.5 © }— 40 —— © Remwneme 5 @ 293 ‘The most flexible.’ Ron is explaining about pipe materials to Kamal. The steel pipe is the heaviest and the least flexible. The rubber one is the most flexible. The plastic one is the lightest. “2 13 Complete the table: 14 Make a similar table for these words: (a)| long — longer — longest Example: flexible > more o ae > at flexible > most ©) wide > 2 flexible g pee = = flexible / rigid / brittle / > > = - a A expensive / combustible (f) | quiet > > (g) | heavy > — heaviest (h)| easy > > @ | noisy > rd 15 Answer these questions: (a) Which is the most combustible of these three substances: steel, wood or stone? (b) Which is the hardest of these three substances: wood, steel or iron? RES (c) Which is the least flexible of these substances: concrete, paper or rubber? N (d) Which is the lightest of these items: a bucketful eawaiiat of sand, a bucketful of nails, a bucketful of water, or a bucketful of sawdust? 30(e) Which is the noisiest of these three vehicles: a car, an aeroplane or a bicycle? (f) Which is the most expensive: a car, a bicycle or a truck? 16 Read the passage, What words go in the table? Materials used in pipe making Pipes are made of three main materials: Metal. This is the strongest material, but it is also the heaviest, and the most rigid. It is also the most expensive of the three materials. 2 Rubber. This is the most flexible of the three materials. But it is the weakest. 3 Plastic. This is the lightest material. It is also the least expensive of the three. Property 1 (most) 2 3 (least) 1 strength metal plastic rubber 2 lightness 3 flexibility 4 cheapness 17 Answer these questions: (a) You want to buy new water pipes for your house. You do not have very much money. Which material do you use? Why? What’s wrong with metal? (b) You need a pipe to carry water from an electric pump to a water tank. When the pump is on moves a lot from side to side. Which material do you use? Why? Why do you not use metal? (c) Which material do you use to carry oil across the desert? Why? What’s wrong with rubber? 314(A) Reading comprehension automotive: ENGINES congas I : eS ee ageeeoecat ENGINES ‘The two most common types of | larger vehicles such as trucks engine for land vehicles are the | and trains use them. They are petrol engine and the diesel] also safer than petrol engines, engine. Because their is less danger of ire. | Petrol engines are usually lighter and smaller than diesel | There are two main types of engines. This makes them] petrol engine—4-stroke and cheaper, and this is why most | 2-stroke. All cars and larger cars and motorbikes use petrol | motor-cycles use 4-stroke engines. Petrol engines are also | engines. But most smaller less noisy than diesel engines. | motorbikes use —_2-stroke They usually go faster. Onthe | engines. These are lighter and etna ecaseesaencaces aE a , other hand, diesel engines use | smaller than 4-stroke engines, = less fuel and last longer than | and are therefore cheaper. = petrol engines, and this is why 5 = : | momen irawememn, | 1 What types of engine do these vehicles use? 2 Answer these questions: (Answer: 2-STROKE, 4-STROKE or DIESEL) (a) Which is the lightest of the three engines? (b) Which is the least expensive? (c) Which is the noisiest? (d) Which is the largest? (e) Which is the safest? Why? (f) Which uses the least fuel?4(B) Reading comprehension PLUMBING/CIVIL ENGINEERING Look at the three types of wells in FIG. 1. Well A is the simplest of the three. It consists of a pipe, a point and a pump. You hammer the pipe into the ground until the point is below water level. The pipe is usually less than 10 mm wide and less than 20 m long. | The width of the hole is the same as that of the pipe. Well B is the cheapest because it has FIG no pump, It uses a bucket and rope. Thehole ie usually more than | m wide. Well B is usually about the same depth as Well A. "The best (and most expensive) well is ©. The hole is usually less than 0.3 m wide, and the pipe has the same width as the one in Well A. The depth is || usually more than 20m. Well Cuses 2 pump. 1 ee cn em | fe i z AOSD AUORA 1 What are the objects in Fig. 1 called? 2 Answer these questions: (a) How wide is the hole in Well A? (Answer in millimetres) (b) How deep is it? (c) How deep is Well B? (d) How wide is the pipe in Well C? (e) Why is Well C the most expensive of the three wells? 3 Are these statements TRUE or FALSE? Correct the false ones: (a) Well B is wider than Well A. (b) Well C is cheaper than Well B. (c) Well Cis <0.5 m wide. (d) Well C is >20 m deep. 33