Ch-1Ele cric Choucgas and Fields

Date
6 Poge

Coulomb!'s law in vector forcm

f ka,a

OThe Superposithion frinciple

The Principle
Prcinciple of Superpac1hons state that
when a number of chaucges ate interachng.the
Sm of the for or exerto On itduLe to all
ctiaer chautges
69

2
2

ka,a ti t ka,94 t t k a , h a 2

- N

,2

Electric Field at awial poimt d an eletic dipoe

Qa
-(r-a)
(ra
 Dete
Puge

kaft ka
Cr-a) Crcta)?

ka (re-a)2 Crrt a)

: ka Creia)- Crt-a)²
Cria)

ka Cr'-a

=akpr
Cre-a)

=2kpr
Cre-a)2

For r aSpecial lase ):

ra
9Electric fietd at eauatorcial point an eletr
Aipole

YE-asin

-2a

AC= BC= Crta²) Cos 2

Cr'fa')2
1Etale 1¬-al
Conaider an electÀC dipole AB wi Ha a
sepa rohon ot charges 2aLet C be any polvt
in the eauotorial ine oi the dionle. Aftr
escuhon o Et4, &E-n the sine Compoie
cancel ot and cosine CompoMent addRd cue
Enot
a
(Cr' ta) (r'tat)Ya

(rta Crtae
ta)a
Crc t a)a
 Date
Paqs

Enetp
=

kp
Crta)t
Ca'ta
Special Case : (ra).
rc?>a2

Enat =kp

Toranue a dipole in a wi form elecic held

ta

f charges
of Songta 2a placed in a
aungle

No linearert motion of dipo le.

 Date
Page

69 torcee acting
oppositeqenercated
ou thp
Tuo eaual and
dipole

X into

For maaimum tor que O: q0

Case I:(O:o)

Stable Equi li brciun Unstable Eauili brur

Gauss TheoreM
stades that ttne total ur pasiuo thrag
cosedQurface is tinmos the het
charege encosed by th§t clased Sucface
suctuce
629 Date
Page

Proof Guacsi0g surtace

P ka

ka, Se ka, xyg

Applicaions of Gauss Theocem

@al Electrcic Fie ld due to a sstraight uniformla.
charged uine nfenite line wie oflchartge densty
 oith sheot
d wiformly thia plane larae deNiinfinitechonge
todue held ctric @iEle
Law, soss toding Auore
Densiy Charge clinear A
¬,ds,
t t|¬,d
S,
cac0 =E,dsyeas90
6
Page
Date
 Date
Page

ConsiderR thin
intinite plane sheet of charge
a thin
pw ta wni fortm caarge densihy Co
Let u choose
cchoose a a yindrical Guascian surctce
of tDSS- Se
se chional areaCA).

Let aM p' asce the 2 pointat which

to eoleulate taelecic feld. As the
ines of toree auee PocPendst thp CutMe Sutace
ot the ylinder ithe kux to the utre sucface
s O.

So the Rur b - EA tEA 2£A

4, A (= A)

Acateding to Ghuass las

2EA

Lio Ele ctric keld due to wni forum ly dhaxged thun

spherial shel w th suttace charge
 A

oR

Conaidor a tin spherical chell ot rodin

RR
To
woith wnitorem suctace charge deuaitye
drtemine electic hield at amy pod
ata distance tefrom O we hawe
to considee acnncetric sphere ot rodia
a the ousiaa cur tace
TOutide Poi t (rR):

Aording to Guass Laus

So

Go
E R
T) Onthe Shell Crr:R ) t

Law,

m)Inside Point (re<R):

to Guo2s Law,
Aruartding
inside the shelL)
(No charge