English IO

Introduction

Good morning. For my presentation today, I will be discussing the two works “Fathers and Sons”
by Ivan Turgenev and Mary Shelley's Frankenstein in the context of the global issue of
acceptance of different perspectives.

Ivan Turgenev was a renowned 19th century Russian writer and his 1862 novel “Fathers and
Sons” is considered a seminal work of that period. The novel reflects on the generational conflict
between traditional and progressive thinking in post-emancipation Russia. Eugene, the central
character, embraces newer ideas like nihilism that challenge social norms, creating tensions with
his father.

Mary Shelley is renowned as the author of the original Gothic novel “Frankenstein”, which she
wrote at the young age of 20. Published in 1818, the themes of science, ethics and the human
desire for knowledge it portrays remain highly relevant today. Her novel tells the story of a
scientist named Victor Frankenstein who creates a living being that turns out to be a monster so
but rejects his creation, leading to tragic consequences.

Both of these works deal with characters who struggle to be accepted due to their unconventional
views and ideas. In Fathers and Sons, Eugene seeks to break from traditional ways of thinking
supported by the older generation represented by his father and advocates for newer, more
progressive philosophies. However, he faces backlash and resistance from those unwilling to
accept new perspectives that differ from their own.

Similarly, in Frankenstein, the creature Victor Frankenstein creates is shunned and rejected by
society simply due to his unconventional and frightening appearance. Though he demonstrates
intelligence and the capacity for reason, he is unable to find acceptance from others due to his
difference in form. Both Eugene and the creature ultimately meet tragic fates due to a lack of
acceptance from others.
Frankenstein zoom in

In Mary Shelley's novel "Frankenstein," one can zoom in on the theme of acceptance of different
perspectives, which serves as a compelling global issue. This theme is exemplified through the
character of the creature, who is initially rejected and ostracized solely based on his physical
appearance.

Chapter 10, where the creature recounts his experiences of observing and learning from the De
Lacey family, provides a poignant example of the importance of acceptance. Despite his hideous
exterior, the creature demonstrates intelligence, compassion, and a yearning for connection.
Through his observations, he gains an understanding of human emotions and desires.

Shelley employs the literary device of juxtaposition in this chapter, contrasting the creature's
genuine desire for acceptance with the family's eventual rejection of him when they see his
reflection. This highlights the tragic consequences of societal prejudices and the inability to
accept those who differ from the norm.

Furthermore, Chapter 16, where the creature confronts Victor Frankenstein on the mountains,
showcases the desperate plea for acceptance from the creature. He articulates his longing for
companionship and understanding, hoping to find solace in his creator. However, Victor remains
steadfast in his rejection, fueling the creature's feelings of isolation and despair.

Shelley utilizes the literary device of parallelism in this chapter, as the creature's emotional
journey mirrors Victor's own isolation and pursuit of forbidden knowledge. This parallelism
emphasizes the interconnectedness of their experiences and underscores the need for acceptance
and empathy.
Frankenstein zoom out

The exploration of acceptance of different perspectives in "Frankenstein" extends beyond the

individual level and encompasses a broader global issue. Shelley's novel serves as a cautionary
tale, highlighting the repercussions of societal prejudice and the consequences of rejecting those
who deviate from established norms.

On a societal level, the rejection of the creature reflects the fear and reluctance to accept
individuals who appear different or do not conform to societal standards. This theme resonates
with contemporary issues such as discrimination, marginalization, and the struggle for
acceptance faced by diverse communities.

Shelley employs the literary device of symbolism throughout the novel. The creature's physical
appearance symbolizes the societal "other," representing marginalized groups who are often met
with prejudice and exclusion. By personifying this struggle for acceptance, Shelley invites
readers to reflect on their own biases and the importance of embracing diversity.

Moreover, the novel's structure, consisting of multiple narratives and perspectives, invites
readers to consider different viewpoints and challenges the notion of a singular truth. Shelley's
use of multiple narrators, such as Victor Frankenstein and the creature, encourages readers to
empathize with each character's unique perspective and recognize the power of acceptance in
fostering understanding and compassion.

Fathers and sons Zoom in

In Chapter 1 of Fathers and Sons, Ivan Turgenev sets the stage for the exploration of the global
issue of acceptance of different perspectives. The chapter introduces the main characters, Nikolai
Petrovich Kirsanov and his son Arkady, who represent the clash between traditional and
progressive thinking in Russian society. Turgenev employs various literary devices to highlight
this conflict.

One literary device Turgenev uses is characterization. Through the description of Nikolai
Petrovich, a landowner from the older generation, as well as his son Arkady, who has embraced
more progressive ideas, the author presents two distinct perspectives. Nikolai Petrovich is
portrayed as a traditionalist, content with the status quo, while Arkady is depicted as a young
idealist, eager to challenge societal norms.

Another literary device employed is the use of dialogue. Turgenev presents conversations
between the characters to reveal their differing viewpoints. For example, in their discussions,
Nikolai Petrovich expresses his attachment to the land and the importance of preserving
traditions, while Arkady questions these values and advocates for change and progress.

The chapter also highlights the generational conflict through symbolism. The estate owned by
Nikolai Petrovich represents the traditional way of life, rooted in the past. In contrast, Arkady's
arrival from the city symbolizes the influence of new ideas and the emergence of a more
progressive mindset.
Fathers and Sons Zoom out

In the novel Fathers and Sons as a whole, Ivan Turgenev delves deeper into the theme of
acceptance of different perspectives and the clash between generations. Through the interactions
of various characters and the development of the plot, Turgenev explores the consequences of
resistance to change. And the inability to accept alternative viewpoints.

One key aspect of the novel is the exploration of nihilism, a philosophical movement that rejects
traditional values and institutions. Turgenev uses the character of Eugene Bazarov, a nihilist, to
challenge the established order and provoke discussions on societal norms. The older generation,
represented by characters like Nikolai Petrovich, struggles to accept Eugene's unconventional
ideas, leading to tension and conflict.

Turgenev also addresses the theme of personal growth and self-discovery. Through the
experiences of Arkady, who initially embraces Eugene's nihilistic ideas but eventually realizes
their limitations, the author highlights the importance of open-mindedness and the willingness to
reevaluate one's own beliefs.

Literary devices such as symbolism, imagery, and irony are employed throughout the novel to
enhance the exploration of these themes. For instance, the recurring motif of nature and the
Russian landscape symbolizes the clash between tradition and progress, as well as the characters'
inner conflicts.

In conclusion, Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev offers a profound examination of the global
issue of acceptance of different perspectives. Through the use of literary devices and the
portrayal of generational conflicts, the novel explores the consequences of rejecting alternative
viewpoints and emphasizes the need for open-mindedness and understanding in a changing
world.
Conclusion

Both "Fathers and Sons" by Ivan Turgenev and Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" offer profound
insights into the global issue of acceptance of different perspectives. These works depict
characters who face rejection due to their unconventional ideas and appearances. Through
Eugene and the creature, we witness the tragic consequences of societal rejection and the
significance of acceptance.

In "Frankenstein," Shelley explores acceptance through the creature's experiences. Despite his
physical appearance, the creature demonstrates intelligence and compassion, yearning for
connection and understanding. However, he is met with isolation and rejection, reflecting the
consequences of societal prejudices and an inability to accept those who differ from the norm.

Similarly, in "Fathers and Sons," Turgenev delves into the clash between traditional and
progressive thinking. Eugene challenges societal norms with his progressive philosophies, but
faces resistance from those unwilling to accept new perspectives. The novel highlights the
impact of resistance to change and the need for openness to alternative viewpoints.

Ultimately, both works serve as cautionary tales, urging readers to reflect on their biases and
embrace diversity. They emphasize the detrimental effects of societal prejudice and the
importance of acceptance in fostering understanding and compassion. As we navigate a changing
world, these works remind us of the value of embracing different perspectives and the power of
acceptance in creating a more inclusive society.