Year 9 Chemistry

1. Draw small neat scientific (knife-cut) diagrams to show that you know the
all of the following apparatus. Remember to use a ruler and pencil

Revision Questions Bunsen

burner
tripod
(Checkpoint-like Questions)

Name ____________________________________________

filter funnel flat-bottomed

flask

A B C D E F
1. What is the warning on each label and what does it mean?
A. ___________________________________________________________ test tube boiling tube
B. ___________________________________________________________
C. ___________________________________________________________
D. ___________________________________________________________
E. ___________________________________________________________ glass rod for thermometer
stirring
F. ___________________________________________________________

Acids and Apparatus

1. Name the acid found in the following and put a star if it is a dangerous acid.
beehive bung
Man’s stomach Mandarins
Grapes Wet nappy
Milk Weak lab acid
evaporating syringe
Strong lab acid Nettles dish

filter paper spatula

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separating graduated 2. Write the chemical name and decide what type of compound it is. (Letter
funnel pipette
only) A= Alkali, B = Base, C= Acid, D = Metal carbonate, E= Metal, F = A
salt

ZnO CuCO3
conical flask round-
bottomed NaOH MgCl2
flask
HCl KOH

Zn CuO
gauze watch glass
Fe2O3 H2SO4

Mg CuSO4
measuring gas jar
cylinder 3. Complete these rules:
a) Acid + _______________________  Salt + _______ + carbon dioxide

b) Acid + ______________  Salt + ______________ + hydrogen

beaker thistle funnel
c) Acid + ______________  Salt + ______________

d) Acid + ______________  Salt + ______________

4. Using the chart in Q2 and the Rules in Q3 complete the following

delivery tube teat pipette a) zinc + sulfuric acid  ________________________ + ______________

b) copper carbonate + hydrochloric acid  ___________________________ +

. ___________ + ___________________________
pipette burette c) sulfuric acid + copper oxide  _________________________ + ________

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d) hydrochloric acid + potassium hydroxide  ___________________+_______ 1) ___________________________ 2) ____________________________

e) sulfuric acid +magnesium  _________________________ + __________ b) What is true of the solution formed when the above two chemicals react and
how would you show this? _______________________________________
______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

c) Use the above answers to help define neutralization. ___________________

5. Complete the following chart: _________________________________________________________________
Strong/weak Appro Colour in Colour in
Chemical ________________________________________________________________
Acid/alkali x litmus Universal
pH Physical and Chemical changes
Potassium
hydroxide
Sulfuric acid
Calcium
hydroxide 1. Decide if the change is physical or chemical and give a reason for your choice.
Change Change MAIN Reason
Sodium
Ice melting
hydroxide
Paper burning
Milk
Carbonic acid Alcohol
evaporating
Rhubarb Iron rusting
Water
Making a cake
6. Complete (mixing)
Cooking a
Name of gas Tested with Result
cake
Glowing splint Mg + HCl

Ignites with a pop

2. Draw a fire triangle and explain what it means.
7. a) Name the two types of compounds needed for neutralisation

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 Makes its own light
2. State the main property of the following:
Substance Property Substance Property
Sponge Bathroom glass
________________________________________________________________
Copper Elastic band
_________________________________________________________________
Glass Working bulb
_________________________________________________________________
Plastic rod Cotton wool
Investigating Everyday Things
Plastercine Rubber
1. Complete the following table:
Particle Theory
Technical word Behaviour of Material
1. Complete to show the arrangement of particles in a solid, liquid and gas.
Conductor Conducts electricity
Solid Liquid Gas Key: Particle
Bends easily without
snapping
Lets some light through
Can be pulled into wires
2. Define the following:
Light can pass through
a) Solvent ________________________________________________________
Shatters when hit
Easily shaped when warm b) Solute _________________________________________________________

Light cannot pass through c) Solution _______________________________________________________

Large mass in a small volume
3. Draw a diagram to show a solution of NaCl (aq). (Give a key)
Stretches, but not
KEY
permanently
Conducts heat
Repel water
Non-conductor of heat
Can be easily squashed
Can be hammered into sheets 3. Complete

Soaks up liquids Solution Solvent Solute

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 A cup of tea, no sugar no milk

KOH (aq)
___________________________ _____________________________
Nail polish in nail polish remover
___________________________ _____________________________
Sugar solution ___________________________ _____________________________

Coffee, no milk or sugar ___________________________ _____________________________

6. a) Why do we put salt on roads when it snows? _______________________
Paint in turpentine
_______________________________________________________________
4. Remember Pressure = Force / Area
a) Explain how a gas causes a pressure on the sides of its container. _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ b) Other than taste, why is it better to cook potatoes in salty water rather than
_______________________________________________________________ pure water? ____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
b) What happens to the pressure of a gas if the temperature is increased, but _______________________________________________________________
the container has a fixed volume? Explain ____________________________ _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________ Separation Techniques
_______________________________________________________________ 1. Draw and label
Evaporation Filtration
_______________________________________________________________
c) What happens to the pressure of a gas if the temperature is increased and the
container can change its volume (stretches)? Explain ___________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. Draw and explain how you could show: -
a) A gas diffuses b) A liquid diffuses The filtrate should then be rinsed and dried
Separating funnel Separates 2 liquids: Chromatography

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 Iron Iron mixed with sulfur
Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll a and b

Atoms and Element

1. Draw diagrams to show the following: (Label each atom)
Diagram Labels Diagram Labels
Cl2 (g) H2O (l)

Label this diagram clearly and give it a title Cu (s) NaCl(aq)

NaCl (s) Br2 (l)

Atom of Molecule
Argon of NO2

Atom of Mixture
2. State the method(s) used to obtain the named substance from the mixture.
Do not forget to say if they need dissolving first. sulfur Fe/S

To be separated Mixture Method(s) 2. Name the elements in these compounds and immediately after the name of
Red food colouring Red + green colouring the element (in brackets) state the number of atoms of that element
Salt crystals Salt and water H2SO4

Water Salt and water CaCO3

Alcohol Alcohol and water CuO

Glass Glass in sea water H2O

Soluble salts crystals Soil NaNO3

Water Oil and water NH4Cl

3. Use the periodic table to answer the following:

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a) The number of protons in a sodium atom _______
Calcium
b) The number of neutrons in a sodium atom _____
Lithium
c) The number of shells in a sodium atom __________ Helium
d) The number of electrons in a sodium atom ________ Cobalt
e) The electronic arrangement of a sodium atom _____ Potassium
f) The symbol for sodium _______ Chromium
e) If sodium is a metal or a non-metal ____________ Beryllium
f) The name of the group it belongs to ______________ Iron
g) Using the above information, draw a simple, well-labelled diagram to show, Hydrogen
as fully as possible, the structure of a sodium atom.
Iodine
Argon
Silver
Neon
5. Draw an atom of hydrogen (21H). Label all the particles clearly.

4. Name the periodic group or region that the following are found in.
Element Group number and/or special name
Copper Further Reactions
1. The first name of a salt is the metal and the second name comes from the
Magnesium
acid used to make it. Complete this chart: (The first has been one for you.)
Chlorine
Salt Acid Possible other chemical
Sodium ZnCl2 Hydrochloric Zinc Zinc Zinc Zinc
oxide carbonate hydroxide
Fluorine
ZnSO4
Nickel
Bromine Mg(NO3)2
Xenon

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 MgCl2  ___________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
Zn(NO3)2  ___________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
FeSO4  ___________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________

2.a) Describe, in detail, (name the apparatus and chemicals) how to make  ___________________________________________________________
crystals of the salt ZnCl2. (This salt is not made by titration.) 3. When limestone (CaCO3) is heated, it produces lime (CaO) and carbon
dioxide. a) Write a word equation for this.
 ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
b) What is the chemical name for limestone (CaCO3)? _________________
 ___________________________________________________________
c) What is the chemical name for lime (CaO)? ________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
d) How would you prove CO2 was produced? Test: ____________________
 ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
Result: ________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
4. a) What gas is needed for burning? _____________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
b) What is the test for this gas? Test: ________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________ Result: ________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________ c) Name the product(s) when the following burn in a good supply of air.
3. Describe, in detail, (name the apparatus and chemicals) how to make i) Sulfur _____________________________________
crystals of the salt NaCl. (This salt is made by neutralization by titration.)
ii) Carbon _____________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
iii) Hydrogen ______________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
iv) Nitrogen ___________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
v) Magnesium ________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
vi) Petrol (contains C and H) ____________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________
Compounds and Mixtures

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1. Referring to iron and sulfur explain
a) i) what a mixture is, ii) what happens when a mixture is made, iii) the ratio
they should be mixed in, iv) the properties of the mixture
i) ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
ii) ____________________________________________________________
iii) ___________________________________________________________
iv) ___________________________________________________________
b) i) what a compound is, ii) what happens when the compound is made,
iii) the ratio they should be reacted in, iv) the properties of the compound
i) ____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
ii) ____________________________________________________________
iii) ___________________________________________________________
iv) ___________________________________________________________
2. a) Referring to water explain the difference between a synthesis and a
decomposition reaction. (Refer to water in your answer.)
Synthesis: _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Decomposition: _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
b) How can water be decomposed? _________________________________
c) How can water be synthesised? __________________________________
3. a) What is the difference between distillation and fractional distillation?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
b) Which of the above separation methods is used to separate:
i) alcohol and water? ____________________________________________
ii) petrol from crude oil? _________________________________________
iii) O2, N2 and Ar from liquid air? __________________________________
iv) salt and water? ______________________________________________
4. List 5 fractions of crude oil and state the use of each.
1 ___________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________
Corrosion
1. a) What do we call a reaction involving ‘addition of oxygen’? __________
b) What word is used when there is a flame? _____________________
c) What word is used for metals reacting with oxygen? _______________
d) Which of the above is i) very fast? _________ ii) very slow? __________
e) Give an example where oxidation is a problem and explain how this
problem is solved. _______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
f) Is rusting the same as corrosion?
Explain
___________________________
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______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Rusting
a) Which tube has no water? ________
b) How was the water removed? ________________________________
c) Which tube has no oxygen? _______
d) How was the oxygen removed? ________________________________
e) What is the layer of oil for?
A B C ________________________________
f) Why does the nail in A rust? ____________________________________
g) Why doesn’t the nail in B rust? __________________________________
h) Why doesn’t the nail in C rust? __________________________________
i) What is the conclusion for this experiment? _________________________
______________________________________________________________
J) Can a steel nail rust? Explain. ___________________________________
k) Can a stainless steel nail rust? Explain. ____________________________
______________________________________________________________
l) Suggest 4 ways of preventing rusting. How does the method work?
1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________
Patterns of Reactivity
1. a) Complete the following word equations
sodium + water(l) 
copper + water(g) 
magnesium + water(g) 
calcium + oxygen 
copper + oxygen 
magnesium + nitric acid 
copper + nitric acid 
zinc + hydrochloric acid 
copper + silver nitrate 
silver + copper nitrate 
zinc + iron chloride 
iron nitrate + zinc 
b) Name three metals that are too reactive for pupils to add to an acid.
______________________________________________________________
c) Write out the order of reactivity for the following calcium, sodium, zinc,
iron, lead, (hydrogen), magnesium, potassium, copper, silver aluminium.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
d) Does potassium chloride have strong or weak bonds? ________________
e) Is potassium chloride easy to decompose? Explain ___________________
______________________________________________________________
f) Is copper chloride easy to decompose? Explain ______________________
______________________________________________________________
Exothermic and Endothermic reactions
1. a) Where does the energy that is given out during an exothermic reaction
come from? ____________________________________________________
b). Where does the energy that is taken in during an endothermic reaction go?
_____________________________________________________________
c) What is the useful energy change in a burning candle?
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From ___________________ to _________________ 2. Draw the apparatus and describe what you would do to show that heat
increases the rate of reaction. What results would you expect?
d) What is the wasteful energy change in a burning candle?
From ____________________ to ___________________
d) State if the following changes are exothermic or endothermic:
Change Exothermic or Endothermic
Acid reacting with an alkali
Petrol burning
Cooking
Anhydrous copper sulfate reacting with H2O ______________________________________________________________
Decomposition of magnesium carbonate ______________________________________________________________
Condensation ______________________________________________________________
Melting ______________________________________________________________
Magnesium burning ______________________________________________________________
Photosynthesis (Needs light) ______________________________________________________________
Respiration ______________________________________________________________
2. a)What is the test for water? Test: ________________________________ Results (Graph)

Result: ________________________________________________________

b) What is another test for water? Test: ______________________________

Result: ________________________________________________________
3. What is produced during the incomplete combustion of carbon? ________
Why is this dangerous? __________________________________________
4. What is an enzyme? Name 2 enzymes. ____________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Rates of Reaction
______________________________________________________________
1. a) List 4 ways of speeding up a chemical reaction.
5. In terms of particles, kinetic energy and collisions explain why:
1______________________________ 2 ____________________________
a) Heat increases the rate of reaction ________________________________
3. _____________________________ 4. ____________________________

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______________________________________________________________ Same number of More protons Fewer
protons protons
______________________________________________________________
Same number of More neutrons Fewer
______________________________________________________________ neutrons neutrons
b) Pressure on gases increases the rate of reaction ______________________ Same box on the PT In the next box In previous
box
______________________________________________________________ Same chemistry More reactive Less reactive
______________________________________________________________ Same physical Different
properties physical prop
______________________________________________________________
b) Using your answers above define an isotope. ____________________
c) Surface area increases the rate of reaction __________________________ ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________ 2. Rubidium is in Group 1 on the periodic table, just below potassium.
You have not studies rubidium. Write a short essay on rubidium using the
______________________________________________________________ periodic table to help you. (You can say ‘maybe’ or ‘probably’)
______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________
d) More concentrated solutions increase the rate of reaction. _____________ ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
Periodic Table __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
1. a) Thinking about isotopes, tick the box if it is true. __________________________________________________________
Same number of More electrons Fewer __________________________________________________________
electrons electrons Name the element and give is symbol.

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 Name Symbol Cl− O= Br− NO3− SO4= CO3=
A yellow solid K+ x

A brown liquid Cu2+ x

A silver liquid Al3+ x

A yellow-green gas Na+ x

Metallic grey (s) turns into a purple (g) Zn2+ x

Gas used in incandescent light bulbs Mg2+ x

Least dense gas Ag+ x

Very reactive metal that floats on water Ca2+ x

Reactive metal that floats on water Fe2+ x

Metal alloyed to make steel Fe3+ x

Red brown solid NH4+ x

Used for respiration 2. Name the compounds marked x in the previous chart
Formula Name
“Girls best friend”
KCl Potassium chloride
Main gas in air
Gas in city adverts
In chips (but which chips)
Burns with a ‘blinding’ white flame
Compounds of this are good for teeth
Magnetic element, not iron
Another magnetic element (not iron)
Used in expensive jewellery
Used in slightly less expensive jewellery
Used in balloons that float
Is the metal in the compound NaCl
3. Learn all the valences in the chart in Q1. Yes, learn them all!
Writing formulae
1. Complete by writing the formulae. Writing and balancing equations

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1. For each of the following write a word equation. _____________________________________________________________
a) Sulfur burns with a violet flame.
Relative Molecular Mass
_____________________________________________________________
Calculate the Mr of the following. Show all your working out and do it neatly
b) Carbon burning in a poor supply of oxygen
H2O H2SO4
_____________________________________________________________
c) Calcium carbonate decomposes to make calcium oxide and a gas.
_____________________________________________________________
d) Copper(II) oxide and a gas are produced when CuCO3 decomposes
_____________________________________________________________
e) Sodium chloride and water are produced from an acid and NaOH
CaCO3 K2SO4
_____________________________________________________________
2. Balance the equations (THE FORMULAE ARE CORRECT) and write
word equations
a) H2 + O2  H2O

_____________________________________________________________
(NH4)2SO4 CuSO4.5H2O
b) H2 + Cl2  HCl

_____________________________________________________________
c) H2 O  H2 + O2

_____________________________________________________________
d) H2 SO4 + Mg  MgSO4 + H2 Solubility
1. Tick the soluble ones only
_____________________________________________________________
silver chloride potassium chromate
e) HCl + Mg  MgCl2 + H2
calcium sulfate calcium carbonate
_____________________________________________________________ magnesium chloride lead nitrate
f) C + O2  CO calcium hydrogen carbonate lead chloride
_____________________________________________________________ potassium carbonate aluminium sulfate
g) Cu(NO3)2  CuO + NO2 + O2 barium sulfate zinc nitrate
potassium ethanoate lead sulfate

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ammonium carbonate copper carbonate
magnesium hydrogen carbonate ammonium nitrate
zinc carbonate copper nitrate

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