COMPACTLON

Compactin:
Compaction is Ik denstficaton sotl by emovel 4u
shich nechan cal eerM The deqee ompatto
a
whe aer added o
Sol petttcle s, Tha
Ay wnt We conrpactton st tneeae
Ahe moistAre conten hen Ahe oiture co ent

USed -Ror cTpacttan, Ate wesgt

unt volume gedy inoreases Beyo
r0icte
tend

hare be

Th.

Cojates Compatton
aoioactton is t ipve he
qualties h eihe
aderil
Labordoy Test:
Stanad Rroctor Test
has

aachad to a bale late

 harir
Each (yen
blo. 2ash teot h
eynspaced Sot\

Ae Koowirg

The val

Satuati
SoEl
calcalate

a
tetirg s
Maditiad Rrocto Tet Modtie.

eld Corpactto,
d e to oetes
evise
n sdtteol
ledl COrpactten, but Sol
a ha

a cop ust mn, Th nusbe

Kept
ecoe {mereae

Stande PsoCter test

The
deeseek

Modtt

standar Prvctey Tes4

OMC

Zen Atr
water untert an
the
shyui
estlhe Ahe eladfan

can be olotainel
 cteg Actiry Cempadico:
Aacoat tctr conpaction
Soil tpe cre
(Ene
he ocditfn noi tune

lh `ocl Prttele, h sol sotferieg

Patcticlhe s\tp
seniely packed pa
hi

Prelen ha great
Wel syun
for optiun NO0teae cotent. werght
A bel haped
Found. Copaten cer
Aedeney fit to deceae qenera
Valu
goistne
to
cotet

ght
A

Moistne centeat
 th
inceale 1setforckChnpacton Aha As
As
45
1s4xa, 25x8y
testProcer oodstte For
25X3X
hansnes
ehes Compactic ha
Eech'. Compactton
Ciurerel
reat
Deak deftae have don
ucreCopacon 30, abad td ltqwd a
have Ahad eiu er oeand
CeresCormpaction ceurye! Peak ble a is tyec
Peak, Siga
 - Techriqe
field orapaci or ield is do
corpactn in th
1Mo4 4 thu
solles. The
SmooKh
Tollers. (
Smokwheel
a.
Rreumatc
Sheept
y.
Velbredomg
Smo wheel Sollet
aperioo
Soc, hese so|\ers
Sardy Ah heel S,
Covere uder

wled

Pneunrate subetie etter

SoGUKcoheel oers.

(hese rolles hearly

tYed, hee tes case osely paLl. The

Cotact Pre Unden Ahu Aivel

Knn ad hay rodue about ot
Thex llet
ard loyey Soel eonpactton
Sheepo r
drunS
lare unber goojection , he
Ebatoy molen
hacha tu Smoh-ohal , pheumie gJoer

A Ah Sl, Hanol he\d Plete Can

cUnpacten

A f l - n Pae Volum
ath an

eCavat fo, dedehh

votd tio

vsluma h

Here \tes

So

Campaca

So

Ah
 Consolidation of soils

very process involving a decrease of vater content of asaturated soil without replaccment of wale y
called aprocess of called swelling, which involves an incrcase
in water content
consolidation, The opposite process
due to an increase in
volume of voids.
Cause of consolidation

Consolidation mav be due to one or more of the following factors.

a) Due to
external static loads from strucure
b) Due to self
weight of soil.
c) Due to lowering of
ground water label
) Due to
desiccation.

Difterence between consolidation and compaction

Consolidation Compaction

In this process water is removed from the In this process air is removed from the voids
i It is a natural process It is an articificial process

li ii takes more time It takes less time

IV requires static load It requires dynamic load

he total comgrssion of a saturated clay layer under excess effective pressure may be considered as sum of the
immedze npzession
)
Andey Umpsevion
the yan f the vetlTment ol a layer which occurs more or less simultaneously with the applied load is
edsWywin, This settlement is due to immediate compression of the soil layer under undrained
the soil layer is controlled by the
resistance of the flow of water, the induced
is referrcd as primary consolidation
(Compression).
21
 th wwYNrY (HHywwwsim iN NUosOd to start atlor thw prmry comproxwlon coanoN, I.o afler the excess pore
wAWNNS yNINHehes to eNm |is also assmod hat, the Nevondary compronslon procceds lncarly with logarithm c .

N i , mwANoliate and ovr cmsolidated cay luyor in whieh tlho oxisting olloctlve Ntress is the maximum that
t hs enureyimnt in its histwy is said to be a nomally conNolicdated clay.
( thher hand, clay in which the oxisting oective stresN 0s less tlhun tho offuctlvo stress it has
experienced in its

Vodatio cuves

rutio
Void e Held cuve Flald curva or Virgin
curve

Pressure P

Fomthe ficld logP curve, a field curve e-P can be plotted. The scope of the straight
line portion of the icld curvc is
known as coettieient of compressibility.
Ae
cnmg or m²/kg
The scope of field curve (e-iogP) on a semi logarithim scale gives as compression index.

Ae
Ce =

The compression ot clay layer per unit of original thickness due to a unit
increase of pressure is known as the
coetficient of volume compressibility "m".

My =
1+ eo

22