WEEK 1: INTRODUCTION:
ART APPRECIATION (ARTA 111)
 Humanities came from the Latin word
humanus meaning refined, cultured and
human.
 study of the different cultural
aspect of man, his frailties in life
and how it can be improved
 records man’s quest for answers
to the fundamental questions
he asks about himself and
about life
 Humanities are expressions of man’s
feelings and thoughts
 emphasizes dignity and
worthiness of man and
recognizes creative expressions
 aimed to shape students
subjective energies (feelings,
attitudes and aspirations)
Importance of humanities
• MAN NEEDS AN IMAGE OF HIMSELF
• UNDERSTANDING OF HIS NATURES
• NECESSARY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
OF A COMPLETE, SOCIAL MAN
• PROVIDES MAN WITH A MEASURE OF
HIS OWN PASSION & DESIRE
• REGULATE MAN’S BEHAVIO
ETYMOLOGY OF ART
 ART comes from the Aryan root word
AR which means to put together
 Latin word ARS which means
skills/ability
 cover those areas of artistic creativity -
embraces the visual arts, literature,
music and dance
 expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill
& imagination
DIVISION OF THE ARTS
 Visual: arts that are primarily seen,
occupies space
 Auditory: heard, timed arts; exist in
time
 Combined/performing arts: combines
visual & auditory elements
 EXAMPLES:
 Visual arts: paintings, sculptures and
architectures
 Auditory arts: music and poetry
 Combined: drama & theatre, dancing,
cinema & TV, opera
PURPOSES OF THE ARTS
 Create beauty
 Provide decoration
 Reveal truth
 Immortalize
 Express religious values
 Record and commemorate experience
 Create order & harmony
WEEK 2: Basic Assumptions of the Art
Art has been created by all people at all
times, in all countries and it lives because
its well-liked and enjoyed
 Art involves experience; there can never
be appreciation of art without
experience.
Art is not nature; Nature is not art.
 Art is made by man;
 Art is everywhere.
 “The humanities constitute one of the
oldest and most important means of
expression developed by man”. Human
history has witnessed how man evolved
not just physically but also culturally,
from cave painters to men of exquisite
paintbrush users of the present. Even if
one goes back to the time before
written records of man’s civilization has
appeared, he can find cases of man’s
attempts of not just crafting tools to live
and survive but also expressing his
feelings and thoughts. The Galloping
Wild Boar found in the cave of Altamira,
Spain is one such example. In 1879, a
Spaniard and his daughter were
exploring a cave when they saw pictures
of a wild boar, hind, and bison.

 The Galloping Wild Boar found in the

cave of Altamira, Spain

 Art is man’s oldest means of expression;

 Art as a means of expression &

communication.

HIEROGLYPHICS
PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS Performance Art

 According to experts, these paintings
were purported to belong to Upper
Paleolithic Age, several thousands of
years before the current era. Pre-
historic men, with their crude
instruments, already showcased and
manifested earliest attempts at
recording man’s innermost interests,
preoccupations, and thoughts
 The humanities, then, ironically, have
started even before the term has been
coined. Human persons have long been
exercising what it means to be a human
long before he was even aware of his
being one. The humanities stand tall in
bearing witness to this magnificent
phenomenon. Any human person, then,
is tasked to participate, if not, totally
partake in this long tradition of
humanizing himself.
WEEK 3: POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS
VISUAL ARTS
- Performance art is a live art and the
artist’s medium is mainly the human
body which he or she uses to perform,
but also employs other kind of art such
as visual art, props, or sound.
Poetry Performance
- Poetry is an art form where the artist
expresses his emotions not by using
paint, charcoal, or camera, but
expresses them through words.
Architecture
Architecture – is the art of designing and
constructing buildings and other types of
structures.
It is often referred to as the “mother of the
arts” because it houses, serves as
background for, or occurs in relation to
other fields of art.
Materials used include stone, concrete,
brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster.

- Is the kind of art form that the Dance

population is most likely more exposed Dance is series of movements that follows
to, but its variations are so diverse they the rhythm of the music accompaniment.
range from sculptures that you see in
art galleries to the last movie you saw.
Some mediums of visual arts include
paintings, drawings, lettering, printing,
sculptures, digital imaging, and more.

FILM

- Film refers to the art of putting together

successions of still images in order to
create an illusion of movement,
Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic,
cultural, and social value and is
considered as both an art and an
industry.
Literary Art
Literary art goes beyond the usual
professional, academic, journalistic, and
other technical form of writing. It focuses
on writing using a unique style, not
following a specific form or norm. It may
include both fiction and non-fiction such as
novels, biographies and poems.
Theater
Theater uses live performers to present
accounts or imaginary events before a live
audience. Theater art performance usually
follows a script, though they should not be
confused with literary arts.
Applied Arts
Applied arts incorporate elements of style
and design to everyday items with the aim
of increasing their aesthetical value. Artists
in this field bring beauty, charm, and
comfort into many things that are useful in
everyday life.
Applied Arts
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
A. AS A THERAPY
In its therapeutic function, art can be and is
used as therapy for individuals with a
variety of illnesses, both physical and
mental.
B. ART AS ARTIFACT
Art also functions as an artifact: A product
of a particular time and place, an artwork
represents the ideas and technology of that
specific time and place. As we look back
over history, we find in art striking, and in
some cases, the only, tangible records of
some peoples. The insights we gain into
cultures, including our own are enhanced
tremendously by such artifacts as paintings,
sculptures, poems, plays, and buildings.
C. PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART
The personal functions of art are varied and
highly subjective. This means that its
function depend on the person- the artist
who created the art.
D. SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART
Art is considered to have a social function if
and when it addresses a particular collective
interest as opposed to a personal interest.
Political art is a very common example of an
art with a social function. Art may convey
message of protest, contestation, or
whatever message the artist intends his
work to carry.
E. PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART
The physical functions of art are the easiest
to spot and understand. The physical
functions of art can be found in artworks
that are crafted in order to serve some
physical purpose.
F. Other Functions of Art
Music as an art is also interesting to talk
about in relation to function. Music in its
original form was principally functional.
Music was used for dance and religion.
Unlike today, when one can just listen to
music for the sake of music’s sake, the
ancient world saw music only as an
 instrument to facilities worship and It is stripped down to visual elements
invocation to gods. Music also was essential such as shapes, lines, emotion, and
to dance because music assures even concept.
synchronicity among dancers.

F. Other Functions of Art

Art as a Representation

Art as a Disinterested Judgment

Art as a Communication of Emotion

SUBJECT AND CONTENT

 Subject refers to the visual focus or the

image that may be extracted from
examining the artwork.
Sources of Subject
 Content is the meaning that is
communicated by the artist or the NATURE, Sacred Oriental Texts, HISTORY,
artwork. Other works of art, Greek and Roman
Mythology, Judeo- Christian Tradition.
TYPES OF SUBJECT

Representational art

- These types of art have subjects that

refer to object or events occurring in
the real world. Often, it is also termed
figurative art, because as the name
suggest, the figures depicted are easy to
makes out and decipher.

Non-Representational art

- This art does not make a reference to

the real world, whether it is a person,
place, thing, or even a particular event.
 “Creation of Adam” by Michelangelo at
Sistine Chapel

Levels of meaning

Factual- pertains to the most rudimentary

level of meaning for it may be extracted
from the identifiable or recognizable forms
in the artwork and understanding how
these elements relate to one another.

Conventional meaning, on the other hand,

pertains to the acknowledged interpretation
of the artwork using motifs, signs, symbols
and other cyphers as bases of its meaning.
These conventions are
established through time, strengthened by
recurrent use and wide acceptance by its
viewers or audience and scholars who study
then.

When subjectivities are consulted, a variety

of meaning may arise when a particular
work of art is read. These meanings stem
from the viewer’s or audience’s
circumstances that come into play when
engaging with art.
LINE
• Line is a mark on a surface that
describes a shape or outline. It can
create texture and can be thick and
thin. Types of line can include actual,
implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal
and contour line.
- is an important element at the disposal
of every artist
- always has direction, always moving.
- as used in any work of art, may either
be straight or curved.
- Lines are the first element of art and are
continuous marks that are made on any
surface with a moving point.
- Lines can be used in various ways to
create different compositions.
- A line can be used to express various
things or feelings; it can be used to
show various moods or anything
abstract.
Line serves as an essential building block of
art, but it can also serve as the content itself of
a work of art, or be manipulated to evoke an
emotional or intellectual response from a
viewer (Fichner-Rathus, 2010).
Horizontal Lines
• Horizontal lines are lines of repose and
serenity. They express ideas of calmness
and quiescence.
Only horizontal lines can give a feeling
of peacefulness and stillness.
Diagonal lines are used to create
feelings of movement or action.
Curved lines, sometimes referred as S
curves, suggest gracefulness or
sexiness.
There are various ways to integrate
lines into a photograph to help
strengthen the overall composition and
draw attention to a specific focal point.
Vertical Lines
Vertical lines are poised for action. They are
poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic. They
express an impression of dignity.
-
ACTIVITY: LEADING LINES IN This photo uses both horizontal and vertical
lines. Although the bulrushes are the obvious
PHOTOGRAPHY
use of vertical lines, the horizontal line of the
When using vertical lines within a photo, it’s a horizon is more subtle. Note, too, that the
good idea to follow the rule of thirds, failure to photo has been composed so the landscape
do so can result in a photo looking as though it’s follows the rule of thirds.
been cut in half. It is also important to try to
keep the vertical line as straight as possible.
Vertical leading lines can help to illustrate
growth, authority, strength, or dominance.
Some examples of vertical leading lines in
photography include photographs of trees or
tall buildings.

Curved lines, sometimes referred as S curves,

can help lead the eye through a photo and can
suggest gracefulness, sexiness, or sensuality.
Despite the name, S curves don’t need to be
shaped exactly like an “s.” Any strong leading
line that winds or curves can be considered an S
curve. Some curved leading lines often used in
When composing your photo to include photography include paths and rivers.
horizontal leading lines, make sure they’re as
straight as possible and consider following the
rule of thirds. This photo, for example, places
the land and horizon along the bottom third of
the image, while the sky fills the top two-thirds
of the shot. Further, the photo was composed
so the bride and groom are along the left-third
of the image.

When including diagonal leading lines within a

photo, it’s best if you can position them so that
they start and finish just above or below the
corner of a photo, like the railroad tracks shown
here. This will prevent the image from looking
like it has been split in half. Because our eyes
naturally scan photos from left to right,
composing an image to include diagonal leading
lines that flow from the bottom left to the top
right of a photo is also a great way to compose a
shot.
• A transition line is a line that connects
The body of this acoustic guitar is a great
example of S curves. Note the use of other
leading lines in this photo too – the diagonal
lines of the guitar strings, and the horizontal
lines of the sheet of music in the background.
Three Main Types of Lines
• Repetition occurs when two or more
lines are drawn within a corner
following the lines of the corner.
• Lines that are in opposition to each
other form a contrast.
two workflow elements. Transition lines
allow you to define what the next step
in a workflow will be.
To summarize, including leading lines
within a photograph is a composition
technique that can strongly influence
the overall result of an image.
Leading lines can direct a person’s eye
to a main focal point or, if used
incorrectly, can draw the eye away from
the subject or appear to cut a photo in
half.
The Art Element of Color
Color refers to the visual perception of
light being reflected from a surface of
an artwork.
In the most basic classification, colors can
be divided into three groups: primary,
secondary and tertiary.
Attributes of Color
Hue is the term for the pure spectrum
colors commonly referred to by the "color
names" - red, orange, yellow, blue, green
violet - which appear in the hue circle or
rainbow. Theoretically all hues can be mixed
from three basic hues, known as primaries.
Color Wheel
• A color wheel is an abstract illustrative
organization of color hues around a
circle, that shows relationships
between primary, secondary, and
tertiary colors, etc.
Attributes of Color
• Value refers to the lightness or darkness
of a color. It is the quality which
depends on the amount of light and
dark in color.
• Tints are values above the normal
• Shades are values below the normal.
• Intensity refers to the brightness or
darkness of color. It gives color strength.
When a hue is vivid form, it is said to be
in full intensity. When it is dulled, it is
said to be partly neutralized.
Psychology of Colors
• Colors have varied psychological and
emotional connotations.
– Black is associated with death
and gloom
– White stands for purity and
innocence
– Red is associated with blood,
anger and fear
– Green implies happiness and
abundance
- is the element that deals more directly
with the sense of touch.
- applies to how an object feels or
appears to feel.
- can be either implied or actual.
Texture is the element that deals more
directly with the sense of touch.
- It has to do with the characteristics of
surfaces which can be rough or smooth,
fine or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or
irregular.

Meanings of Colors Conveyed

by the Rose

• Red is for “I love you”

• Pink conveys “Thank you”

• White says “You are heavenly”

• Coral speaks of desire.

• White roses denote secrecy, reverence

and humility.

• Deep pink roses convey gratitude and

appreciation.

• Light pink express sympathy, grace and

gentility

• Red roses also mean courage and
fortitude
• Yellow roses stand for freedom
• Red and Yellow stand for jovial /happy
feelings
• Orange roses speak of enthusiasm and
desire
• Red and White convey unity
TEXTURE
• Implied texture expresses the idea of
how a surface might feel. For example, a
painting of a blanket might convey the
idea that the blanket is soft.
• Actual texture, on the other hand, is
texture that can actually be felt. For
example, a ceramic bowl might feature
a carved texture that could be felt when
holding that bowl.
WOOD TEXTURE
PERSPECTIVE
• Perspective deals with the effect of
distance upon the appearance of
objects, by means of which the eye
judges spatial relationships.
dimensional object, space is the actual
volume that is taken up by the artwork.
SPACE
• Space as an element of art, refers to
distances or areas around, between or
within components of a piece.

• Space can be positive (white or light)

or negative (black or
dark),open or closed, shallow or deep a
nd two-dimensional or three-
dimensional.

• Sometimes space isn't actually within a

piece, but the illusion of it is.

Kinds of Perspective

• Linear perspective is the representation

of an appearance of distance by means
of converging lines.

• It has to do with the direction of lines

and with the size of objects.

Linear Perspective

• Painters usually show the effect of

space and distance by using converging
lines and diminishing size.

• Parallel lines below the eye level seem

to rise to a vanishing point in the
horizon, while those above the eye level
seem to descend to the vanishing point.
• Foreshortening is the representation of
objects or parts of the body as smaller
from the point of view of the observer.
The Art Element of Space
Kinds of Space
• Positive space - the areas in a work of
art that are the subjects, or areas of
interest.
• Negative space – areas around the
subjects, or areas of interest.

Space refers to how the artist fills the

surface on which a work of art is created. It
can also refer to the expression of depth
within a work of art.

When talking about a three-

Shape, Form, and Volume are words that Organic and Geometric Forms
are used to describe distinct areas or parts
of works of art or architecture.

FORM

• Form applies to the over-all design of a

work of art.

• It describes the structure or shape of an

object.

KENNETH COBONPUE’S

DESIGNS

The Art Element of Form

Form refers to a three-dimensional object.

As such, form is an art term that is only
applied to those artworks that are three-
dimensional, such as sculpture and pottery. Kenneth Cobonpue 's Knottee hanging
lamp at Hive
Forms, much like shapes, can be
geometric or organic. Geometric forms have
hard lines and edges. Organic forms are
curvy and more free-form.

Types of Form

• Form and shape can also be described

as either organic or geometric.

• Organic forms such as these snow-

covered boulders typically are irregular
in outline, and often asymmetrical.
Organic forms are most often thought VOLUME
of as naturally occurring.
• Volume refers to the amount of space
• Geometric forms are those which occupied in three dimensions.
correspond to named regular shapes,
such as squares, rectangles, circles, • It refers to solidity or thickness.
cubes, spheres, cones, and other
regular forms.