Climate Change

15.02.2023

Intermediate EXAM: 05/04 15.30-18.30

Exam attending students: final discussion

Introducing sustainability

1. Can you define sustainability?

2. What does it mean for you?

1983: The Bruntland Commission – World commission on environment and development

1987: Our common future report – sustainable development as “ development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.

2000: The UN millenium declaration → Millenium development goals to monitor the levels of
sustainability of countries, putting a lot emphasis on medium low income countries

2015: The agenda 2030 → Milestone for the all activiteis for cooperation and sustainabilty

2023: UN SDG Summit → 17 Sustainable Development goals (SDGs)

3 Pillars :
1. Enviromental sustainability: All of earths enivormental systtems are kept in balance and are
able to replenish themselves
2. Economic: Human communitieis have access to the resources that they require, financial
and other, to meet their needs.
3. Social: universal human rights and basic necessities are attainable by all people, who have
access to enough resources in order to keep their families and communities healthy and
secure.

How Covid pandemic impacted the SDGs?

Pandemic has increased poverty, inequalities
Education in poorer countries has been affected negatively
Domestic violence has increased especially during lockdown
and many other things...

SDG report 2022: main findings

The 2030 Agenda is in grave jeopardy due to multiple, cascading and intersecting crises:
Covid-19, climate change and conflict predominate.
Each of them, and their complex interactions, impact all of the goals.
– The pandemic wiped out more than four years of progress on povery eradication and pushed
93 million more people into extreme poverty in 2020.
– The immediacy of the COVID-19 crisis is now overshadowed by the existential threat of
climate change. Global greenhouse gas emissions will need to decline by 43% by 2030,
falling to net zero by 2050.
– The world is witnessing the largest number of conflicts since 1946. ¼ of world pop lives in
conlfict countries.
– War in ukraine has caused food fuel and prices to skyrocket → threat of a global food crisis,
but the effects of this war are far to be seen, we will see the true effects in 5/10 years.
– Women, children and other vulnerable populations are bearing the brunt of the crisis:
 Children labour and marriage on the rise; anxiety and depression among young people;
women struggle with jobs, schooling and domestic violence. If children cant go school and
therefore have no way to survive, child marriage and labour is an immediate consequence.
– Significant data gaps still exist in terms of geographic coverage, timeliness → its difficult
sometimes to gather data.
– For 8 of the 17 SDGs, fewer than half of the 193 countires have internationally comparable
ata from 2015 or later. Goal 3 (health) and Goal 7(energy) have the highest data
availabilty(more than 80% of countries have at least one data point since 2015) but only
around 20% of countires hava data for Goal 13 (climate action).

Covid 19 → erased 4 years of progress against poverty

Conflict, covid, climate change and inequalities: are undermining food secuirty worldwide.
FAO State of food in the world report: Says that parameters used as a line for poverty were wrong
and too low.

1/3 of pop in low income countries have had access to vaccines

Equality: It would take another 40 years for women adn men represented equally in political
leadership at the current pace.

Global unemployement has increased worldwide (more data about this). Covid, supply chain
disruptions, policy uncertainties, labour market challenges.

Climate change: Co2 emissions increased in 2021. Climate finance: how can it bring prosperity
and a greener economic? It is important to unlock many jobs.

SDG report 2022 Italy – Italy investments on all SDGs

Italy is below the EU average for 9 SDGs, it is aligned with EU for 5 and has better results for 2 (2
and 12).
It improved some goals but worsened on 5 SDGs (Povery, water secuirty, ecosystems, governance
and international cooperation.
The pandemic has hit italy very hard: Comparing to pre pandemic trends, Italy registered
improvements only for Goal 2 and 13.

Italian Alliance for Sustainable Development – AsviS

Main objective: to promote the culture of sustainability. It was founded in 2016, after the 2015 “
2030 Agenda”.
300 member organisations –> largest civil coalition ever created in Italy.
AsviS promotes the topics and the goals of the Agenda to the governments.
Every year → annual report to members of the Italian Gov before parliamentary debate on budget
law.
Contribution of 1.000 experts
AsviS investigates if the gov's annual budget will go to sustainability or in other things and in what
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